achievements, big and small. Sure, it's good to hear encouraging words from mom and dad. But words of praise mean more when they refer to a child's specific efforts or new abilities.
When kids achieve something, whether it's brushing their own teeth or riding a bike, they get a sense of themselves as able and capable, and tap into that high-octane fuel of confidence.
Building self-confidence can begin very early. When babies learn to turn the pages of a book or toddlers learn to walk, they are getting the idea \each new skill and milestone, kids can develop increasing confidence.
Parents can help by giving kids lots of opportunities to practice and master their skills, letting kids make mistakes and being there to boost their spirits so they keep trying. Respond with interest and excitement when kids show off a new skill, and reward them with praise when they achieve a goal or make a good effort. With plentiful opportunities, good instruction, and lots of patience from parents, kids can master basic skills — like tying their shoes and making the bed. Then, when other important challenges present themselves, kids can approach them knowing that they have already been successful in other areas. ?
1.What should parents do to increase kids’ confidence? A. Provide more chances to show their talent. B. Encourage kids to try some difficult tasks. C. Offer kids some advice when it is necessary. D. Praise kids for overcoming difficulties they meet. 2. Kids can face new challenges bravely because ______. A. they know they will get help from their parents B. they are eager to explore new things around them C. they have mastered skills to overcome difficulties D. their teachers have taught them to believe in themselves
解析：1.A。推理判断题。根据第6段的内容可知，家长应多为孩子提供锻炼的机会，这样可以帮助孩子增强自信心。
11
2. C。推理判断题。根据第7段的内容可知，一旦孩子们有了自信心，当他们遇到挑战时，他们就可以从容应对，因为他们知道他们在其他方面有成功的经验，故C项正确。 重点二 对文章来源或读者对象的推断
推断文章的来源或者读者对象要求考生具备一定的常识。因此，考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出最佳答案。
主要设题形式：
This passage would most likely be found in _____. In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed? The passage is probably taken out of _____. Where does this text probably come from?
Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert （警觉）. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视） starts to lose its focus — until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise （同样地） when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
63. Where does this text probably come from?
A. Science fiction. B. Children’s literature. C. An advertisement. D. A science report.
解析：D。推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过及结果等，因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。 Fast food giant, McDonald’s said on Tuesday that they would be cutting out excess calories in their kids’ menu choices starting in September. McDonald’s will reduce the amount of French fries in Happy Meals and will also include sliced apple “dippers” in every meal. McDonald’s say it will still include the ever-popular toys with each meal.
“We are going to introduce more food groups such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains,” said Cindy Goody, McDonald’s senior director of nutrition.
After getting much of the blame for childhood obesity, fast food chains, especially McDonald’s, began selling more nutritious menu items. But the restaurant was most criticized for its marketing which is often aimed at young children. Some
12
cities, such as San Francisco, California, have banned toys from all kids’ meals that didn’t meet strict nutritional guidelines for fat, salt and sugar content（含量）because the prizes attracted more children to the fast food.
McDonald’s felt public pressure to change their offerings. It reduced French fry portions from 2.4oz to 1.1oz in every meal. This decreases calorie content by about 20 percent, which means a new Happy Meal is less than 600 calories. Currently, the unhealthiest Happy Meal consists of a cheeseburger, fries and 1 percent chocolate milk, which contains 700 calories and 27 grams of fat. Which part is this passage taken from in a newspaper? A. Travel and leisure. B. History and politics. C. Culture and customs D. Diet and health.
解析：D。推理判断题。文章主要讲的是麦当劳的食品质量问题。这些快餐中含有过多的热量和脂肪，会给孩子们带来健康问题。由此可以推知，本文选自饮食和健康专栏。
重点三 写作意图推断
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但要能理解文章的大意，还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。 主要设题形式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to _____. The writer of the story wants to tell us that _____. The fact... is mentioned by the author to show ______. The writer talks about ...in order to ______.
The author writes the last paragraph in order to ______.
Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia(怀旧). It's fun to come home. It looks the same. It smells the same. You'll realize what's changed is you. Home is where we can remember pain, live, and some other experiences; We parted here; My parents met here; I won three championships here.
If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table. To the right of the living room is my first bedroom. It's empty, but it's where my earliest memories are. ...
Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings. I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom. But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home. 46. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage? A. To express how much she is attached to her home. B. To declare how much she loves her first house. C. To describe the state of her family. D. To look back on her childhood.
解析：A。写作意图题。根据第一段的第一句“Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia.”可知，作者写本文的目的是表达她对家的怀恋、依恋之情，下文都是围绕第一句展开的。
Having a great collection of books at home doesn’t really mean that you are a person who has a passion for literature and reading． It can be a family inheritance or it can be just to impress people around you by the fact that you are a person of culture?
From my point of view, literature is very important in our life． For example,
13
reading is a means of gaining culture and enriching our knowledge in different areas． It can help us have a great imagination and it makes things easier when it comes to make compositions on different themes． It gives you the possibility to speak about science, even if you don’t work in this domain, or you can express your opinion about a political aspect, just because you have read something connected to that．
Secondly, literature offers us the possibility to enter the world of imagination, and to leave the real one for a couple of hours...
In conclusion, I would like to say that literature is the perfect means to enrich our culture, to express ourselves correctly, to have a rich vocabulary, to be able to interfere in conversations in different fields of interest and to really be considered an erudite person．
What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To tell the readers an interesting story. B. To explain the true meaning of reading. C. To advise people to like reading.
D. To stress the importance of literature.
解析：C。写作意图题。本文介绍了喜欢阅读的好处，由此可推知作者的写作目的是建议人们热爱阅读。
If a vacation in Florida is in your future, you may be feeling happy with what to do there. All it takes is a little awareness about the available activities and some careful planning before boarding the plane.
The most popular reason why families choose Florida for a vacation is to visit Disney World. If you are headed to Orlando, the chances are Disney World is on your list of things to do while in town...
All over Florida there is spring training camps for Major League Baseball... Finally, if you are a shopper, Florida is the place for you. The state offers some of the best places for shopping in the country and because the temperatures are usually pleasant, you can walk around the outdoor centers for hours at a time in comfort. If you love great bargains and you want to find some in one place, plan a shopping excursion(短途旅行) in Florida with your friends or family. What purpose is the text written for?
A. Introducing the history of Disney World B. Advising people to travel to America C. Giving ideas for a Florida vacation D. Encouraging people to do shopping
解析：C。写作意图题。本文介绍了佛罗里达州的若干旅游景点，并为去佛罗里达州度假的人们提出了几点建议，故答案为C项。
重点四 态度倾向推断和评述性推断
态度倾向推断题主要考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度；此类试题要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。评述性推断题要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价，因此，做此类试题时考生要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。 主要设题形式：
The attitude of the author towards something is _____. The writer of the passage seems to think that ______. What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
14
What’s the writer’s attitude towards...? What do we know about somebody in the passage? Somebody can be said _____.
What does the author think about the present generation?
About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio（影棚）to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our \would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in \Two more fans were turned on, and a \real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast(对比).The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water's edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!
Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “Stars”!
What would happen in the \A. A new scene would be filmed. B．More stars would act in the film. C．The author would leave the studio. D．The next scene would be prepared. 解析：A。预测推断题。根据题干 “What would happen...in the last paragraph”的提问可知此题要求考生猜测接下来可能发生的事情。根据文章第二段提到的拍摄寒冬的场景，第三段提到的拍摄沙滩的场景，以及最后一段中的 “we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us”可知，作者等人不知道接下来为他们准备的是什么场景，但是在他们的一生中，他们将会有在足足三分钟的时间内做电影 “明星”的兴奋经历。由此可推断此处是指要拍摄新的场景，故选A。 难点速通：
难点一 如何排除干扰项
在阅读理解中，干扰项的设置其实是有规律可循的。如果做题时考生能够敏锐洞悉题干要求，准确捕捉干扰项的错误信息点或不符合题目要求的信息点，就能迅速排除干扰项，提高解题的准确率。一般来说，阅读理解题中客观事实题的干扰项有以下几个特点： 1.推测意义与文章表层意义有区别
根据文章、段落或句子推断出的意义通常不可能在文章中直接找到，因此，考生在阅读文章时要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理判断的前提和基础。在此基础上，考生通过分析、判断。从而作出符合逻辑的推断。
15