1.动词be(Verb to be)
肯定式I am......否定I am not.... 肯定式You are...否定式You are not....
肯定式He/She/It is....否定式He/She/It is not.... 疑问句和简略答语 Am I ....?
Yes,you are./No,I you are not. Are you....? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 2.There be结构
\某物/某人+某地/某时\这样一种句型,大致相当于汉语 \某地/某时有某物/某人\的说法.句子的is/are和后面所跟的名词在数 方面必须是一致.
肯定式:There is(There's)a table in your room. There are(There're)some pencils on the desk.
否定式:There is not(There isn't)any cats here. There are not(aren't)any cats here. 疑问式和简略答语 Is there a ruler in your bag? Yes,there is./No,there is not(isn't). Are there any people in that house? Yes,there are./No,there are not(aren't). How many kites are there in the sky?
There are thirteen. 六、介词(Prepositions)
介词一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句子其他成分的关系.介词后面的名词 或代词称为介词宾语.介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语. 本册课本出现的介词短语如下: at: at home at school at six thirty
behind: behind the door/tree behind one's chair beside: beside the door beside the house from: from one to a hundred in: in Row/Team/Class/Grade4
in one's school/grade/class/team/rom in your desk/pencil-box/bedroom
in the picture in the same class in different classes in English in the hat in the morning/afternoon like: like this/that
near: near the window near the door
of: a picture of a classroom a map of China the name of her cat the wall of their classroon
on: on the desk/chair on the floor on the wall on the bike on the duty to:(a quarter)to ten (go)to school/bed/work
under: under the desk/table under the tree/window under one's chair/bed
(1) 表示时间：
at: 表示某一时间点 如： at noon on: 表示特定的日子 如： on Christmas in: 表示一段不具体的时间
如： in the morning， in the Second world war 如表示在某一特定的早上、下午则用on
如： on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning during: 表示期间内的某个时期
如: during the night, during the Second World War for: 其后接表示一段时间长度的词 如： for three days
through: 表示在整个期间没有间歇 例： It snowed through the night. till/until: 表示动作持续的终点 例：I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.
by: 表示动作完成期限 例： I'll be back by five o'clock. 4 since: 表示某动作的起始点 例：I have studied English since １９ ９０． (2) 表示地点：
at: 表示较小的地点 如： arrived at the school gate in: 表示较大的地点 如： arrived in Shanghai for: 表示目的地 例： I'll leave for Shanghai. above: 表示上面，上方，其反意词是below
over: 表示垂直上方，其反意词是under 例： The dog jumped over
the table.
through: 表示穿过 如： through the forest
across: 表示平原上的跨越 例： I want to walk across the road.七、句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences) 英语的句子按照用途可分为以下四类: 陈述句 用途是用来说明事实或说话人的看法 例句:I can see a map on the wall. I think it's his. 疑问句 用途是用来提出问题.
例句:Are you Mr Green? Can you find it ? How old are you? 祈使句 用途是用来表示请求和命令.
例句: Sstand up.Come in,please. Let's play games. 感叹句 用途是用来表达强烈的感情.
例句:What a fine day it is! How beautiful the flowers are! 八、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 一般疑问句子和特殊疑问句
一般疑问句（General Question）一般是指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。 例如：Is she at school today? Yes,she is/No,she isn't. Can you see a pencile on the desk? Yes,I can./No,I can't. Do you play football? Yes,they do./No,they don't.
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句. (二)
一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(The Comparative and Superlative
Degrees of Adjective and Adverbs) 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 1)原级，即原形。
2)比较级，表示“较??”或“更??一些”的意思。 3)最高级，表示“最??”的意思。 1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-est cold colder coldest strong stronger strongest fast faster fastest slow slow slowest 以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-st nice nicer nicest large larger largest
重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est
big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest hot hotter hottest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er或-est easy esaier easiest happy happier happiest early earlier earliest
少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词clever(聪明的)未尾加-er，-est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most delicious more delicious most delicious