They began to read and write。 作状语 She went to see her grandma last Sunday。
He came to give us a talk yesterday。 作宾语补足语
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio。 She asked me to speak louder。 She found him to be a very good pupil。 作定语 Have you got anything to say？
I had something to eat this morning。 作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy。 To play in the street is danerous. (3)动词不定式的否定形式 由“not+动词不定式”构成。 如：Tell him not to be late。
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street。 (4)动词不定式和疑问句连用
动词不定式亏和疑问句what，which，how，where，when等连用，构成不定式短语。
如：The question is when to start。 I don't know where to go。 He showed me how to use a computer。 Nobody told us what to do。 (5)不带to的情况
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to，这种动词有两类；一类是感觉动词，如see, hear，watch，feel，notice等， 如： I saw him come。我看见他来了。 I heard him sing。我听见他
唱歌了。
另一类是某些使役动词，如make，let，have等，如：Let him go。让他走吧
They made the children work 12 hours a day。 他们强迫孩子们一天干12小时。
动词help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。 5.被动语态。(The Passive Voice) (1)主动语态和被动语态
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice)
Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people。(被动语态) (2)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词ask为例子，将一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的肯定式，否定式及疑问式列表如下： 一般现在时 肯定式
I am asked…… You are asked…… He/She is asked…… We are asked…… You are asked…… They are asked…… 否定式
I am not asked…… You are not asked…… He/She is not asked…… We are not asked…… You are not asked…… They are not asked…… 疑问式
Am I asked??？ Are you asked??？ Is he/She asked??？ Are we asked??？ Are you asked??？ Are they asked??？ 一般过去时 肯定式
I was asked…… You were asked…… He/She was asked…… We were asked…… You were asked…… They were asked…… 否定式
I was not asked…… You were not asked…… He/She was not asked…… We were not asked…… You were not asked…… They were not asked…… 疑问式
was I asked??？ were you asked??？ was he/She asked??？ were we asked??？ were you asked??？ were they asked??？
(3)含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
如：This bicycle can be mended in two hour。 This trees may be planted in spring。
The room must be kept clean。 The flowers should be watered often。 (4)被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行
者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，需要被动语态。
如： This jacket is made of cotton。 English is spoken in Canada。 二、宾语从句(The Object Clause)
宾语从句在复合句中作主语的宾语，宾语从句通常作主语的宾语，宾语从句通常由下面一些词引导
1. 由that引导(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略)，
如：He said that he would like to see the headmaster. She said that she would leave a message on his desk. He knew that he should work hard . He said that he might fall behind the other students. He was afraid that he would forget his Chinese. 2. 由连接代词或连接副词引导，
如：Do you know what he has said ? I don't remember when we arrived ? I asked him where I could get so much money? Can you tell me which class you are in ? The children did not know who Father Christmas was.
3.由连词whether或if引导( 口语中常用if)
Lily wanted to knew if/wheher her grandma liked the handbag。 She asked me if she could borrow there books。 三、定语从句(The Attributive Clause)
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句， 如：(1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman (2)You must do everything that I do .
上面两句中的man和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词what，which，who，(宾格whom，所有格whose)和关系副词where，when，关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。 由关系代词引导的定语从句 that在从句中作主语或宾语 指物
A plane is a machine that can fly。(作主语)
The noodles that I cooked were delicious。(作宾语) 指人
Who is the man that is reading the book over there？(作主语) The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim's sister。(作宾语) which在从句中作主语和宾语。 指物
The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well。(作主语) The song which the Beatles sang were very popular。(作宾语) who，whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语 指人
The foreigner who visit our class yesterday is form Canada。(作主语) The boy who broke the window is called Roy。(作主语) The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li。(作宾语) Mrs Evans is the person to whom you should write。(作宾语)