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重庆邮电大学 毕业设计（论文）
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学 院 名 称 ： 学 生 姓 名 ： 专 业 ： 班 级 ： 学 号 ： 指 导 教 师 ： 答辩组 负责人 ：
自动化学院
填表时间： 2016 年 月 重庆邮电大学教务处制
重庆邮电大学本科毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
随着计算机技术的发展，图像处理作为一种兴起的学科分支受到了国类外学者的高度关注，图像处理由于其应用范围方法的特点的到了较快的发展，现已分布到医疗、公共安全等各个领域，所以对数字图像的研究具有重大意义。数字图像中携带者大量的图像信息，我们对其处理的工程中，不仅要关注信息提取的精度，还要注重处理的速度。因此，找到一种合适的算法，能够高效精确得对图像进行边缘检测与提取显得尤为重要。Matlab软件中包含强大的图像处理程序和图形展示界面，用户通过运行程序，不仅能够对图像的操作有直观的认识，还能自由的对程序进行修改，在图像处理研究方面具有重要的地位。
本文主要结合Matlab软件来进行图像形状分类器的设计，通过编写程序，设置了六种不同的边缘提取算子，对不同类型的图像边缘进行提取，实验结果表明，选取合适的边缘提取算子及其重要，以上六种算法都能够成功识别出三角形，正方形，圆行边界，但是有些算法存在边缘凸起问题，prewitt算子在在识别各种边界时都表现出很好的效果。
【关键词】MATLAB；数字图像处理；图像形状；图像分类
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重庆邮电大学本科毕业设计（论文）
ABSTRACT
With the development of computer technology, image processing as a discipline branch of rise by countries outside class the attention of scholars, the methods of image processing because of its range of application of the rapid development, has now been distributed to the health, public security and other fields, so the study of digital image is of great significance. Carried a large amount of image information in digital image, in our engineering for its processing, should not only pay attention to the accuracy of information extraction, but also pay attention to the speed of processing. Therefore, to find a suitable algorithm, can effective accurate is particularly important for image edge detection and extraction. Matlab software contains powerful image processing and graphic display interface, the user to run the program, not only can have the direct-viewing understanding, to the operation of the image can also be free to modify the program, has an important position in the image processing research.
In this paper, combined with Matlab software for image shape classifier design, through the program, set up six different edge detection operator, for different types of image edge extraction, the experimental results show that the selection of suitable edge detection operator and its important, more than six kinds of algorithms are successfully identified triangle, square, circle line boundary, but some problems edge projection algorithm, prewitt operator showed good effect in identifying various boundary.
【Key words】MATLAB; Digital Image Processing; Image shape; Image Classification
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重庆邮电大学本科毕业设计（论文）
目 录
前 言 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 第一章 图像分类器概述 .................................................................................................................. 2 第一节 图像的定义 .......................................................................................................................... 3
一、图像边缘 .............................................................................................................................. 3 二、图像形状 .............................................................................................................................. 3 第二节 图像边缘检测 ...................................................................................................................... 5
一、边缘检测的主要内容 .......................................................................................................... 5 二、边缘检测的应用 .................................................................................................................. 6 第三节 国内外研究现状 .................................................................................................................. 7 第四节 论文主要内容及章节安排 .................................................................................................. 8 第二章 数字图像处理方法 .............................................................................................................. 9 第一节 数字图像的预处理 .............................................................................................................. 9
一、数字图像 .............................................................................................................................. 9 二、采样 .................................................................................................................................... 11 三、量化 .................................................................................................................................... 12 四、采样、量化和图像细节的关系 ........................................................................................ 12 第二节 形状特征及其描述方法 .................................................................................................... 12
一、形状特征 ............................................................................................................................ 12 二、几种典型的形状特征描述方法 ........................................................................................ 14 第三节 几种不同的度量 ................................................................................................................ 14
一、矩形度 ................................................................................................................................ 14 二、圆形度 ................................................................................................................................ 15 三、矩 ........................................................................................................................................ 15 四、不变矩 ................................................................................................................................ 15 第三章 边缘检测与提取方法 ........................................................................................................ 16 第一节 边缘检测 ............................................................................................................................ 16
一、边缘检测准备条件 ............................................................................................................ 16 二、边缘检测基本步骤 ............................................................................................................ 17 第二节 边缘提取 ............................................................................................................................ 18 一、边缘提取的步骤 ................................................................................................................ 18 第三节 边缘提取的常用算子 ........................................................................................................ 19
一、Roberts边缘算子 .............................................................................................................. 19 二、Sobel边缘算子.................................................................................................................. 19 三、Prewitt边缘算子 ............................................................................................................... 20 四、Laplacian边缘算子 ........................................................................................................... 20
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重庆邮电大学本科毕业设计（论文）
五、Log边缘算子 .................................................................................................................... 21 六、Canny边缘算子 ................................................................................................................ 23 第四章 算法的选择和实现 ............................................................................................................ 26 第一节 边缘检测与识别算法 ........................................................................................................ 26 第二节 仿真实验及结果分析 ........................................................................................................ 29
一、仿真实验 ............................................................................................................................ 29 二、结果分析 ............................................................................................................................ 32 结 论 ................................................................................................................................................ 33 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................................ 35 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................ 36 附录 .................................................................................................................................................... 37
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