5. a. identifiable b. safety
c. motivates d. delicate e. surroundings f. artificial g. prestige h. perspire i. accomplishment j. silent k. impressive l. evaporate 6. run move spin
turn whirl roll 7. a. stead b. gee-gee c. ripe
d. mature e. effective f. efficient g. fatigued, children h. tired, kids i. declined j. refused k. rancid l. addled m. Penalties n. fines o. rebuked p. accused Antonymy
5. a. similar/same b. safe
c. sharp/ smart d. send e. stingy/ selfish h. simple f. significant/sensible i. sure g. skeptical/ suspicious l. smooth j. slipshod/ slovenly/ sloppy k. sleepiness/ sleep / slumber m. subjective n. sob/ scowl 6. a. old-fashioned b. completely
c. moisture d. special e. essential f. similarity g. innocent h. rigid i. loosen j. clarity k. deserted l. fruitful m. peremptory n. depressed o. indifferent
7. a. feed—starve, cold-fever b. wisdom—follies
c. haste—leisure d. penny—pound, wise—foolish e. speech—silence f. absence—presence g. admonish—praise i. wise men—fools h. young—old private—public saint—devil j. mind—body k. foul—fair l. danger—security m. deliberate--prompt n. children—parents o. bully—coward p. head—tail 8.right—wrong single—return
dry—sweet hard—easy strong—faint rough—calm
light—dark cold—warm high—low/deep Hyponymy
3. furniture: desk, chair, table, bed
matter: liquid, gas, solid meat: pork, beef, mutton go: run, fly, walk 4. profession workplace
surgeon: clinic, hospital plumber: house, building lawyer: office, law courts mechanic: garage photographer: studio foreman: worksite, factory
hairbrush mirror comb 5.
sleepers rug
dressing table
BEDROOM
carpet
dressing gown bed mattress
wardrobclothes
sheets pillows
pyjamas
blanket
6. In Sentence 1, got, furniture, recently are superordinates because they are general and convey a very vague idea whereas in Sentence 2, the three words are replaced respectively by bought, cupboard, three days ago, which are subordinates, conveying a definite and clear idea. So Sentence 2 is better than Sentence 1. In 3, it is said, magnificent building, destroyed, yesterday are superordinate terms, which are comparatively much more general than the news says, Royal Hotel, burnt down, last night respectively in 4, which can be described as subordinates. Since 4 is clearer than 3 in meaning, it is better.
Semantic field
3. Group 1 is synonymously semantic field and Group 2 is semantic filed. The difference lies: In 1 the words are synonyms, none of them covers the meaning of another, and they differ only in style and emotive values. In 2 the words are not synonyms, but each refers to a specific type of horse. Horse is a cover term or superordinate, and others are subordinates. These terms have no difference in style or affective meaning.
【Chapter 7】
4. 1) extension 2) extension
3) narrowing 4) degradation 5) elevation 6) narrowing 7) extension 8) extension 9) narrowing 10) elevation 11) narrowing 12) degradation 13) degradation 14) degradation
5. a. associated transfer
b. abstract to concrete c. abstract to concrete d. abstract to concrete e. abstract to concrete f. abstract of concrete g. associated transfer h. associated transfer i. synesthesia j. synesthesia
6. a. objective b. subjective, objective
c. objective d. subjective e. subjective f. subjective g. subjective h. subjective, objective
7. a. die b. graveyard
c. bedlam疯人院 d. old people e. strike f. Policeman g. stupid pupil h. poor people i. toilet j. fat person k. unemployed mother
【Chapter 8】
2. a. to repair
b. measurement and determination of one’s position c. predicament d. injection
a. a single complete dividing part (of a rocket) b. the theatre or acting as a profession
c. a particular point or period in a process of development d. to plan, arrange and carry out
a. interchange and discussion of ideas, esp. for mutual understanding or harmony b. conversation
c. a written conversation (of a play, etc.)
3. a. synonym
b. explanation/ definition c. antonym d. example
e. relevant details f. relevant details g. relevant details
4. a. stop people drinking
stop drinking by themselves b. a stone house which is big a house built of big stones c. a picture possessed by Betty a photograph of Betty d. aunts who are visiting paying a visit to aunts e. take Jane as his wife
preside over Jane’s wedding
f. a weapon that can fly over long distance and that it explodes when it hits the thing it aims at
an object that is thrown at somebody in order to hurt him
【Chapter 9】
6. 7. 8.
a—2) b—9) d—6) e—1) g—5) h—4) j—10)
a. stand out against b. approve of
c. get … over with d. looking into e. come up with f. comply with g. cashed in on h. go without
i. to profit by / from j. dut down …to
c—3) f—8) i—7)
a cool cat = a really calm person
blow one's stack = lose control over oneself fly off the handle = become excessively angry what's more = furthermore
get away with = commit an illegitimate act without penalty of course = naturally get on = get old
pepper and salt = grey (hair) make up for = compensate for lost time = time wasted
take it easy = relax, not worry get up = rise from bed turn in = go into bed
take care of = manage or look after like a breeze = without effort or easily time off = time for rest get it made = be successful
this is it = be in a position or place, or have possession of an object beyond which more of the same is unnecessary
? Sam is really a calm person. He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too angry. Furthermore, he knows how to manage his business financially by using a few tricks… Needless to say, he, too, is getting older. His hair is beginning to turn grey, but he knows how to compensate for wasted time by relaxing. He rises early, exercises, and goes to bed early. He manages his frankfurter dispensary without visible effort, until it is someone else's turn to work there. Sam is successful, he has reached his life's goal.