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译文 你老是犯同样的错误。
· My wife is always changing her clothes.（表示厌烦） 译文 我夫人总是在更换服装。
10．英语“多省略”，汉语“少省略”
· To err is human, to forgive divine. (= is divine) 译文 错误是人之常情，而宽恕别人则是超凡的。 · Last year I didn't get any socks for Christmas, but this year I seem to have had nothing but. (nothing but socks for Christmas.)
译文 去年我得到的圣诞节礼物中没有袜子，而今年却尽是袜子。
· Do you know the language in which the word for goodbye is also the word for hello? And love? And kindness? If you know anything about Hawaii, then you must know the word. That's right, it's aloha. (New English Course, p. 262)
你可曾知道有这样一种语言，表示“再见”的词同时也表示“您好”、表示“喜欢”、表示“友善”等意思？??
如果你对夏威夷有所了解，那么你必定知道这个词。此话不假，这个词就是aloha
同类的转译
语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 1. n-v. 2. n-adj.
那项计划是成功的。 That plan is a success.
独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 3. n-adv. 4. v-n. 5. adj-n. 6. adj-v. 7. adv-n. 8. adv-v. 9. adv-adj. 10. prep-v.
一． 名词翻译成动词
Advertising campaigns have, however, promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small plastic cards.
然而，大量的广告宣传促使越来越多的人认识到这种塑料小卡的好处。 有三种名词在汉译时多转换成动词。
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（1）由动词派生的名词。
He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. 他好像不受这些感情的影响，他毫不虚荣矫饰。
Undoubtedly they don't have the intention of making an engineer of him. 他们肯定没打算把他培养成工程师。 （2）具有动作意义的名词。
He smiled and took a swig from the bottle. 他微微一笑，就着瓶子喝了一大口。
The slight fall is celebrated by mist and spray. 小小的瀑布以水气弥漫，水花四溅而闻名于世。
（3）有一些加-er或都-or的名词，并不表示一个人的身份或者职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。
Unfortunately, I was a bit bossy and I was not a good listener. 遗憾的是，我这个人有点儿专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。
表示人物的名词并不强调其代表的人物而是强调其动作，所以汉泽时应转换成动词 Old people are usually advocates of early rising. 老年人通常主张早起。
John has always been a disciple of balanced diet. 约翰一直坚信食物搭配要营养均衡。 a swell of muscles 肌肉鼓起 a decline in health 健康衰退 an escalation of war 战争升级 a reduction in numbers 数目减少 a rise in fuel prices 燃料涨价 a drop of the index 指数下跌 an upsurge of emotions 情绪高涨
a steep plunge of economy 经济急剧恶化
China's first atomic blast in October 1964 was a great shock to the whole world. 1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，全球为之震惊。
The making and care of the gardens and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers.
建造花园、照看花园、养育小蚂蚁的工作是由最小的工蚁来完成的。
二．汉语动词和英语名词之间的互相转换
1) They (franchises) are a factor of rising importance in economy. 译文：特许经营在经济领域中的地位日益提高。
2) The seizure of American hostages in Iran sharpened the pain of national humiliation. 译文：伊朗方面扣押美国公民作为人质，这更让所有美国人倍感耻辱。 3) 知识是人类创造的
译文：Human beings are the creators of knowledge. 4) 禁止违反游戏规则。
译文：Any violation of the game rules is prohibited.
三．汉语形容词和英语名词之间的互相转换
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由于许多形容词具有动态的一样，如英语中的pride oneself on sth. 和be proud of sth. 在意义上是差不多的。再如汉语中的“繁荣”一词，在 没有上下文的情况下，很难说什么词性。
1) The latest trend in franchising has been diversification in the variety of products offered. 译文：特许经营的最新发展趋势是经营的产品丰富多样。
2) The increasing prosperity of China has brought pride to all the Chinese people in the world. 译文：中国日益繁荣昌盛，全世界华人都为之骄傲。
3) 土豆、芥末、生菜、黄瓜之类都是居家生活每天都少不了的。
译文：Tomatoes, mustard, lettuce and cucumbers and the like are necessities in daily life. 4) 由于数量稀少，环境适应性差，迄今未见饲养展出。
译文：Due to their scarcity and inability to adapt to new environments, no blood pheasant has been raised in any zoo so far. 5) 那项计划是成功的。
译文：That plan is a success. 6) 演出获得巨大成功。
译文： The perform is a big success. 7) 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
译文： Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 四．汉语动词和英语副词之间的互相转换 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 动词的词类转化 （一）动词转化为名词
1 Neutrons act differently from protons. 中子的作用不同于质子。
2 He personified the evil that was in the world. 他是世上一切邪恶的化身。
3 We can house you if the hotels are full.
如果旅馆都客满了，我们可以给你提供住处。 五．形容词的词类转化 （一）形容词译成名词
1. He was eloquent and elegant. 他有口才，有风度。
2. Ice is not as dense as water. 冰的密度比水小。
试比较：冰不如水稠密。
（二）形容词译成动词
可译成汉语动词的英语形容词大多是表达知觉、情感和欲望的形容词。 1. I am sure they will win the basketball game. 我相信他们将打赢这场篮球赛。 2. The couple is fond of modern music. 这对夫妇喜欢现代音乐。
3. When metals are cut, the shining surface is visible, but it turns grey almost immediately.
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切割金属时，可以看到闪亮的表面，但是立刻就变成了灰色。
试比较：切割金属时，光亮的表面是可见的，但是立刻就变成了灰色。
六．副词翻译成名词
1、He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但智力正常。 mentally challenged 智障 physically challenged 残疾
vertically challenged 身高不匀 七．副词翻译成动词
1、The meeting was over and they all went home. 会议结束后，他们都回家了。 2、请开门让我进来。
Please open the door and let me in. 3、I must be away, the time is up. 我该离开了，时间已经到了。
1) She sat silently for a while, then started weeping.
译文：她坐在那里沉默了一会儿，然后哭了起来。
2) I heard someone call my name when the meeting was over. 译文：会议结束后，我听见有人叫我的名字。 3) 他们也笑着泼水回敬。
译文：They splashed back laughingly. 4) 这种裤子现在非常流行。
译文：Such pants are very in these days.
八．副词译成形容词
1、On this question, people of different age groups think differently. 关于这个问题，不同年龄组的人有不同的想法。 2、The film impressed me deeply. 这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。
九．介词译成动词
可转译成汉语动词的英语介词一般以含有动作意义的介词为多。 1. She is against smoking and drinking. 她反对抽烟和喝酒。
2. You can't imagine how angry he was at the news. 你想像不出他听到这个消息时是多么生气。
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正反、反正表达
无霜冰箱 frost-free fidge 油漆未干 wet paint 别动 freeze
禁止践踏草坪 keep off the lawn
1) Western society (about 1.2 billion people) cannot bring the remaining 5.1 billion people in less developed countries up to the Western consumptive \earth's resources.
译文一：西方社会约有12亿人口。要让欠发达国家的51亿人口都达到西方消耗型的“生活标准”，必然会把地球的资源消耗殆尽。（正说）
译文二：西方社会约有12亿人口。要让欠发达国家的51亿人口都达到西方消耗型的“生活标准”，不可能不把地球的资源消耗殆尽。（反说）
2) But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who needed iron ore carriers? 译文一：但是世界钢铁工业很不景气，谁还需要这些矿砂船呢？（反说） 译文二：但是钢铁工业如此萧条，谁还需要这些矿砂船呢？（正说）
（一）英语正说，汉语反说
1) They could accept this suggestion with dignity. 他们可以不失面子地接受这个建议。 2) She failed to perceive the difference. 她看不出有什么不同的地方。 3) That ancient vase is above price. 那个古花瓶是无价之宝。 4) Stop behaving like a fool! 别像个傻瓜似的！
5) It is beyond his power to preside over such an important meeting. 主持这样重要的会议是他力不能及的。 （二）英语反说，汉语正说
1) The lion is no less cruel than the tiger. 狮子与老虎一样残忍。
2) There is nothing in his house but bare walls. 他家徒四壁。
3) I tried hard not to lose a word of what he said. 我努力想听清楚他讲的一字一句。 4) He came back with no hope on his face. 他满脸绝望地回来了。 （三）汉语正说，英语反说 1）就在这儿等着，我马上就来
Stay here and wait; I shan't be long. 2）我们走到桥边就停下来。
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