Incline to = tend to 倾向于
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Gain/get/have(direct/free/ready/unlimited/unrestricted/restricted/equal) access to 获得/得到直接/自由/容易/方便/不受限制/受限制/平等/接近的机会 e.g. Men and wowen should have equal access to education and employment.
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Be accompanied by B 伴随 A
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Be entitled to = be eligible to = be authorised to 使享有权利，使符合资格
e.g. the privately insured are entitled to special benfits such as having the choice pf their own doctors, and being able to avoide long waiting lists for hospital beds.
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Have and will continue to 现在是并且将来也会继续···
e.g. Education has been and will continue to be central to the country’s economic performance in the 21st century.
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Give rise to = bring about = create = generate = provoke(负面的) = evoke 引起，造成 e.g. Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace. Have/exert an influence/impact/effect on sb/sth 起···作用 Play a role in sth 扮演···角色
? 正面:Considerable/enormous/dominant/profound/crucial/beneficial(favourable)/ stablizing/pervasive/substantial/lasting/formative
相当大的/巨大的/起支配作用的/深远的/有利的/稳定的/广泛的/实际的/(对成长或发展) 重大作用
? 负面:adverse(unfavourable)/corrupting /destructive (devastating/disruptive)
不利的/腐蚀的/破坏的
Have inherent advantages/disadvantages 有内在的优点/缺点
e.g. In terms of environmental protection, exporting agricultural products by means of air transportation has its inherent disadvantages.
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Be in a position to do 有条件去做
e.g. Because of the existence of express transport such as air freight, people in frigid zone are in a position to acquire more nutritious food and vegetable from the tropical zone.
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Be a double-edged sword ···是一把双刃剑
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Equip sb with sth = furnish sb with sth 装备，使有能力，向···提供
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Turn on = hinge on 取决于
e.g The environmental protection hinges on the actual action by the civilians.
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A is a key determinant of B A是B的决定因素
e.g. In an individual’s career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.
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Be an underlying factor in··· 是···潜在/隐含力量
e.g. Human curiosity is an underlying factor in the growing popularity of newspapers
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Rely (almost exclusively) on = depend on (几乎全)依靠 e.g. Children should not always rely on parent’s help.
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Be considered as = be think of as = be acknowledged as = be regarded as 被认为是
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Be served/used as a brenchmark
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It turned out that = turn out to be 证明是
E.g. the advancement of technology turns out be conducive to the mankinds.
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Be confronted with···= In the face of ··· 面临着
e.g. be confronted with/in the face of fierce/stiff/intense competition
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Deserve/require (careful/full/serious/sufficient/ special) consideration 需要仔细/全面/认真/足够/特别考虑
Take sth into consideration/account 考虑到， 顾及
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A and B are not mutually exclusive 两者并不互相排斥 e.g. This two options are not mutually exclusive.
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Be no exception to··· 也不例外
e.g. There is no exception to this rule in modern or in accent times.
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Does not necessarily mean 并不必然意味着
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···be now a commonplace··· 司空见惯的事
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A and B alike 两者都，同样地
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Reach saturation point 到达饱和程度
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End up + doing/ adj/ in sth 以···告终
(c). 插入语和衔接词
In essence 本质上
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In terms of 就···而言
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As the case may be, 句子 or 主语+谓语, as the case may be, 宾语 根据具体情况而定，视情况而定
e.g. Students should be given sufficient autonomy in deciding the courses they take as the case may be.
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More often than not, 句子. 通常，往往
e.g. More often than not it is these moments that separate the victors from the rest – because they never despair , and press on when others fade.
往往就是这些时刻将成功者与其他人区分开来——因为成功者从不绝望，会在他人放弃时选择坚持下去。
表示―依我而言‖的词组 From my point of view, From my perspective, To my mind, In my opinion, To my way of thinking
关于By no means 的应用
Be by no means an exclusive/a unique way 绝不是唯一的方法
Be by no means confined to··· 绝不局限于
e.g. Poverty and deprivation are by no means confined to the north of the country. Be by no means fortuitous/coincidential 绝非偶然
e.g. The occurrence of such things is by no means fortuitous/ coincidental Be by no means isolated 绝非孤立/个别
e.g. Such cases, though not prevalent, are by no means isolated. Be by no means separated from 绝不应该脱离
e.g. Theory should by no means be separated from practice. 理论绝对不应该脱离实际 Be by no means certain 仍未确定的
e.g. It is by no means certain that genetrically modified food will benefit humans in the future. 转基因食品能否在未来有益于人类仍是不确定的
Be by no means a perfect way 绝非完善的方法 e.g. This is by no means a perfect way to solve the problem.
表示例证的句型
···is a good case in point
= one example will suffice to illustrate this point
= a telling(有说服力的) /notorious (臭名昭著的) example is ··· = ···is a representative of ···
表示大量的词组
A+形容词+ number of+可数名词+谓语动词复数
A+形容词+amount of+不可数名词+谓语动词单数(time/money/information/help/data) 大量的: Massive/considerable/enormous/ tremendous 不成比例的:disproportionate 小量的:Limited/moderate/small
A wide range of = a vast/impressive array of = a wealth of = a host of = a variety of