摘 要
我国小学生的学习负担问题一直是受到社会普遍关注的热点问题。随着一系列减负政策的出台和实施，一些地方和学校在减轻学生学业负担方面做出了自己的努力，也收到了某些成效，部分学生的的学业负担确实减轻了许多。但我们往往只看到了学生在校内的学业负担减轻了，回家后老师布置的作业负担减轻了，而没有真正去触及学生的课外学习负担。当前小学生课外学习负担过重，这一现象也引起了全社会的关注。问题已经存在，我们不可能一瞬间就去解决它，但我们还是需要对这一现象进行深刻的分析，采取有效的措施来减轻他们过重的的课外学习负担。为此笔者对小学生课外学习负担过重的现状进行了探讨分析，提出了减轻小学生过重的课外学习负担的必要性和可能性，以及相应的措施，希望对减轻小学生过重的课外学习负担起到一定的作用。
关键词：小学生课外学习；负担过重；问题与对策
ABSTRACT
Pupils’ burden of study has been hot spots of social in China which is concerned by the whole society. With a series of burden-reducing policies issued and implemented, some local governments and schools have made their own efforts in reducing the burden of the students' study，and they got some results accordingly as part of students’ study burden eased indeed. But always we just cared about the reducing of burden in school or the reducing of homework at home, while didn't really touch the student's extracurricular learning burden. Nowadays, the heavy extracurricular learning burden of primary school students attracted attentions of the whole society. The problem has already been existing, although we can not solve it immediately, we must analyze it seriously and tale effective measures to relieve it gradually. Therefore, the author has further analyzed the current situation and proposed the necessity and possibility as well as measures in reducing extracurricular learning burden. Hoping it can work in solving this problem.
Keywords: pupil's extracurricular learning burden; heavy burden; problems and measures
湖南科技大学本科毕业论文
目 录
第一章 前 言 ··················································································································· 1 第二章 小学生课外学习负担过重的现状分析 ······················································ 2
2.1小学生课外学习负担过重的表现 ·················································································· 2 2.2小学生课外学习负担过重的原因 ·················································································· 2 2.2.1家庭层面的原因 ········································································································ 2 2.2.2学校层面的原因 ········································································································ 3 2.2.3社会层面的原因 ········································································································ 3 2.3小学生课外学习负担过重的危害 ·················································································· 4 2.3.1影响和谐家庭的建构 ································································································ 4 2.3.2影响学校素质教育的全面实施 ················································································ 5 2.3.3影响和谐社会的发展 ································································································ 5
第三章 减轻小学生过重的课外学习负担的必要性和可能性 ·························· 6
3.1减轻小学生过重的课外学习负担的必要性 ·································································· 6 3.1.1教育要顺应人的身心发展规律 ················································································ 6 3.1.2教育要遵循因材施教的原则 ···················································································· 7 3.1.3教育要促进学生的全面发展 ···················································································· 7 3.2减轻小学生过重的课外学习负担的可能性 ·································································· 7 3.2.1家庭经济能力的提升 ································································································ 7 3.2.2新课改的全面实行 ···································································································· 8 3.2.3社会对人才评价的多元化 ························································································ 8
第四章 减轻小学生过重的课外学习负担的措施 ··············································· 10
4.1充实丰富的家庭生活 ···································································································· 10 4.1.1小学生自身灵活分配校内外时间 ·········································································· 10 4.1.2家长积极配合，重视锻炼学生能力 ······································································ 10 4.2渲染多彩的学校氛围 ···································································································· 11 4.2.1学校管理层更新教育理念 ······················································································ 12 4.2.2教师立足课堂，提高课堂效率 ·············································································· 12 4.3营造良好的社会环境 ···································································································· 13 4.3.1校外不增负，将“减负”措施落到实处 ································································ 13 4.3.2允许差异发展，避免恶性竞争 ·············································································· 13
-i-
湖南科技大学本科毕业论文
第五章 结 论 ················································································································· 15 参 考 文 献 ························································································································ 16 致 谢 ···································································································································· 17
-ii-
湖南科技大学本科毕业论文
第一章 前 言
当前小学生校内的课业负担明显减少了。政府推行减负政策，学校认真贯彻教育部门的要求，培养孩子德智体美劳全面发展。作业布置不再堆积如山，教辅资料、练习资料不随便订购等。这很大程度上减少了小学生的校内课业负担，他们不再因没有音体美等课和有做不完的作业而苦恼。但他们的课外学习负担越来越重了。
随着社会经济的发展，人们的生活水平有了大幅度提高，更有实力投入到孩子的教育中去了。各类辅导班、兴趣班也在风起云涌，显得五花八门。很多孩子周末既学英语学奥数，还练钢琴舞蹈等，能利用上的时间都被排得满满的，没有丝毫放松。这使得很多孩子产生了厌学的情绪。一些孩子对英语奥数非常反感，对钢琴舞蹈也毫无兴趣。孩子们本该有的休息娱乐时间被挤掉了，因此本该属于他们的那份天真快乐似乎离他们越来越远，他们成了名副其实的小大人。只有一小部分学生能按自己的兴趣选择辅导班，大部分都不能，很多甚至是被逼无奈才去参加的。因此也收获不到本该收获到的东西，甚至适得其反。
在自己的课堂上，笔者也发现很多小学生上课没精神，不积极。通过了解，发现很多孩子每天上完课还要去辅导站学习几个小时，周末的娱乐休闲时间也被利用得所剩无几，这就导致了他们的在校内学习没有精气神。
这一系列的原因，以及自己的所见所闻所思所感，促使我来研究这一论题，希望能挖掘到自己的一些独特见解。
-1-