6. Hyperbole (夸张)
Hyperbole is a figure of speech which gently exaggerates the truth. In hyperbole, things are represented as greater or less, better or worse, than they really are.
夸张是指在事实的基础上进行夸大，用来抒发作者或说话人的强烈感情，表达自己的深刻感受。
1). I haven’t seen you for ages.
(while in fact it was only two weeks ago that you parted.)
2). A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes. 真理刚刚穿上鞋子，谎言就走了大半个世界。
3). Had Cleopatra’s nose been shorter, the whole face of the world would have been different. （Cleopatra “埃及艳后”， 美妙绝伦。她权利欲极强，先为凯撒大帝的情妇，后与安东尼结婚，安东尼失败后，又欲勾引屋大维，没有成功，随以毒蛇噬咬自杀。此句夸张这个女人的容貌与世界面貌的关系。）
4). The first lines of a long gypsy poem sing: “ When a woman loves a man, her body has the odor of a
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thousand apple trees in blossom. The long lashes of her eyes fan the fires of his heart to flame.” (Konrad Bercovici: The Wisdom of the Illiterate)
7. Transferred Epithet(移就)
The transferred epithet is a qualifying adjective transferred from a person to a thing or from one thing to another.
把修饰词转换位置，不再修饰应该由它修饰的词，而修饰一个本不应该由它修饰的词。
1). He was engaged in a dishonest calling.(他在忙于欺诈行当)
(i. e. He was engaged in a calling, in which he
was dishonest.)
2). The patient lay all night on his sleepless pillow. (i. e. The sleepless patient lay all night on his
pillow)
3). He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. (i. e. He closed his life, during which he was
busy.)
4).This is the cheapest market in this country. (i. e. This is the market where the things are sold at
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the cheapest prices.)
5). Hans shrugged a scornful shoulder. (i.e. Hans shrugged his shoulder with showing
contempt. )
6). She has expensive tastes in clothes. (i. e. She has tastes in clothes, the prices of
which are expensive.)
8. Antithesis（对照/对偶）
Antithesis is an opposition or contrast of words or ideas in the same sentence. It is emphasized by contrasting one thing with another, as health with sickness, war with peace, riches with poverty. In this figure, verbs should be contrasted with verbs, adjectives with adjectives, nouns with nouns, etc.
对照（对偶）是把意义相反或相对的语言单位（词语、从句或句子）排列在平行、对称的结构里，语义上形成互相对立或对照的一种修辞格。
1). Flattery brings friends; truth brings foes. 2). Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud.
3). To read without reflection is like to eat without
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digestion. 4). False friends are worse than open enemies. 5). No bees, no honey; no work, no money. 6). Give me liberty, or give me death. 7). Speech is silver, silence is gold. 8). Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. （不是我不爱凯撒，而是我更爱罗马。）
9. Oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)
Oxymoron is a figure of speech which combines incongruous and apparently contradictory words and meaning for a special effect. It is formed by the conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms. An understanding of oxymoron can help us to enjoy more fully the implied complexity of descriptions and feelings.
矛盾修饰法把两个意思完全相反的词或词组搭配在一起来形容一项事物，去揭示事物的矛盾性，造成一种出人意外、引人入胜的效果。这种修辞方法，语言简练，富有哲理。
1). Painful pleasure.（悲喜交加） 2). A victorious defeat.（胜利的失败）
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3). A thunderous silence.（此时无声胜有声） 4). I despise(=look down upon) its very vastness and power. It has the poorest millionaires, the littlest great man, the haughtiest(=aggrogant) beggars, the plainest（=not beautiful, pretty）beauties, the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefulest(=very sad) pleasures of any town I ever saw.
——O. Henry
我最蔑视权贵，这里我曾见过最贫穷的百万富翁，最渺小的伟人，最高傲的乞丐，最丑陋的美人，最低矮的摩天大楼，最无趣的乐事。
—
—欧·亨利
5). Beautiful tyrant, fiend angelical, Dove feather’s raven, wolfish-ravening lamb, Despised substance of divinest show, Just opposite to what thou justly seems, A damned saint, an honorable villain! 美丽的暴君， 天使般的恶魔！
长着鸽子羽毛的渡鸦，嗜杀成性的羔羊！ 神圣仪表下面的卑鄙本质！
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