3). Life is the lust of a lamp for the light. That is dark till the dawn of the day when we die. 生命是盏灯，追求着光明，
这光明实际是黑暗，直到我们死亡那天的黎明。 (Lust: passionate)
4). Next to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.
对于好动的美国人来说，幸福不仅取决于健康、爱情、舒适和温暖的家庭，还取决于汽车。
19. Irony(反语)
Irony is a figure of speech in which the words of the speaker or writer seem to mean one thing, but in reality mean just the contrary. If your friend has done something foolish and you make fun of him by saying “He is very clever.” Then you are being ironical. Irony is a disguised satire, so this figure is also called Sarcasm.
所谓反语，就是说反话，是一种富有幽默感或精妙的挖苦人的表达方法，其所用的词语要表达的意义正与这些词语的通常意义相反。在一定的语言环境中，运用反语更能引起注意，加深印象，产生特殊的效果。
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Oscar Wilde’s story “The Devoted Friend” is full of irony, and the story begins in an ironical tone:
1). Little Hans had very many friends, but the most devoted friend was big Hugh, the Miller. Indeed, the rich Miller was so devoted to Little Hans that when he passed his garden he always picked a large bouquet of flowers or filled his pockets with plums and cherries if it was the fruit season. 2). “Could you wait a few days for the money? I
haven’t any small change about me.”
“Oh, you haven’t? Well, of course, I know that gentlemen like you carry large notes. ” (Mark Twain: One Million Pound Bank-Note) “我过几天再付钱行吗？ 我身边没有零钱。” “啊，没带零钱? 嗯，当然啰， 像您这样的绅士是只带大票子的。”
20. Inversion(倒装)
倒装是指改变正常的主语、谓语、宾语序或状语的位。常见的倒装是为了着重描写，把需要强调的句子成分移前，也有为了承接上文，把下句中与上句有关联的事物移到句首。
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1). From out of the forest rushed a tiger. 2). Came frightful days of snow and rain. He did not know when he made camp, when he broke camp. He travelled in the night as much as in the day.
——Jack London 21. Repetition(重复)
Repetition is the use of the same word, phrase, speech sound etc. in a poem, speech etc. Its purpose is for the speaker to make a deeper impression on the audience.
重复是演讲者为了加强语气、强化语势、抒发强烈感情、强调所要表达的观点等，在诗歌或演讲中连续或间隔重复使用同一单词、短语或句子的修辞方法。
Yesterday the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.
Last night Japanese forces attacked Hongkong. Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.
Last night Japanese forces attacked Wake Islands. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Islands.
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——F. D. Roosevelt
22. Litotes (曲言法/间接肯定法)
曲言法是以反面之否定代替肯定之修辞格。 Litotes is a figure of speech which consists in making a statement by the use of negative before some other words, to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite, as:
1). It is no easy. (= very difficult) 2). My French is not so bad. (= very good) 3). He is no mean opponent in the coming debate. (That is to say, “He is a worthy opponent.”) 4). Not without effort he made this discovery. 5). Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.
(English proverb)
6). I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.
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