辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第I页
摘 要
本设计说明书是参照鞍钢及宝钢冷轧薄板厂工艺流程，结合现代化生产实际要求设计了年产150万吨冷轧薄板钢厂的生产车间。典型产品为Q235B，20钢,08Al冷轧薄板带钢。该车间的主体设备包括：酸洗机组、五机架冷连轧机组、连续退火机组、单机架四辊式平整机组、横切、纵切及卷曲机组等。产品具有使用规格范围宽、厚度精确、尺寸偏差小、表面光洁、板形好、性能稳定等特点。设计时以年产量为基础，结合各产品的市场前景合理地分配了各产品产量，制定了典型产品金属平衡表和轧制规程，并且优化了冷轧薄板的生产工艺，综合了各项技术经济指标，并绘制车间平面图。此外，本说明书还包括专题研究论文：Mg-4Zn-1.5RE合金轧制板材的再结晶组织观察与分析。
关键词： 冷轧薄板；热处理工艺；再结晶退火；车间设计
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ABSTRACT
This design manual is a steel work that produces and manufactures 1,500,000 tons cold roll lamella in one year combining modern capacity and physical requirements to design, according to the cold-rolled sheet of Anshan Iron and Steel and Baosteel. The typical products are Q235B, 20 steel and 08Al specifications cold-rolled sheet steel. This workshop equipment includes: pickling line, the five stand cold rolling mill, continuous annealing units, single frame four roller leveling unit, crosscut, longitudinal cutting and rewinding machine, etc. The product can be used in the characteristics of the wide specification range, precise thickness and small size deviation, smooth surface, good board shape, the stable performance and so on. People have assigned each product output reasonably and drew up the metal balanced of the typical model product and stranding system regulations combining each product's market prospect, based on annual output when designing. Not only those, but also people have optimized production process of the cold-rolled sheet, synthesized various technical and economic indicators, and drew the workshop plan. In addition, the manual also included a special subject search thesis: observation and analysis of the recrystallization of the Mg-4Zn-1.5RE alloy stranding system board material organizes.
Key word：
Cold rolled sheet; Heat treatment process; Recrystallization annealing; Workshop design
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第III页
目 录
摘 要 ................................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... II 目 录 ................................................................................................................. III 1 综 述 ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1冷轧薄板简介 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2冷轧薄钢板生产工艺特点 .............................................................................................. 2 1.3冷轧钢板的分类 .............................................................................................................. 3 1.4冷轧薄板的质量控制 ...................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 钢的化学成分对成品性能的影响 ........................................................................... 3 1.4.2 热轧带钢对冷轧钢板性能和组织的影响 ............................................................... 5 1.4.3原料的几何尺寸对冷轧成品尺寸的影响 ................................................................ 6 1.4.4坯料常见缺陷以及对冷轧生产的影响 .................................................................... 7 1.4.5退火工序中存在的缺陷 ............................................................................................ 8 1.4.6冷轧工艺的表面缺陷 ................................................................................................ 9 1.5冷轧薄板钢生产的发展 ................................................................................................ 11 1.6当今现代轧制工艺技术的特点 .................................................................................... 13 1.6.1大力开发高精度轧制技术 ...................................................................................... 13 1.6.2轧制过程的自动控制和智能控制技术 .................................................................. 13
2 产品方案确定 ................................................................................................. 14
2.1产品方案 ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 生产方案 .................................................................................................................... 14 2.3产品性质 ..................................................................................................................... 15
3 冷轧薄板轧制工艺过程 ................................................................................. 16
3.1轧制工艺过程 ................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 各工艺流程环节简介 .................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1酸洗 .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2冷轧 .......................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.3热处理 ...................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.4精整 .......................................................................................................................... 35 3.3金属平衡表的制定 ........................................................................................................ 37 3.3.1金属平衡 .................................................................................................................. 37
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3.3.2金属平衡表的制定 .................................................................................................. 37
4 机组与参数选择 ............................................................................................. 38
4.1机组参数 ........................................................................................................................ 38 4.2 酸洗—冷轧机组 ............................................................................................................ 38 4.3连续退火机组 ................................................................................................................ 42 4.4单机架平整机 ................................................................................................................ 44 4.5 重卷机组 ........................................................................................................................ 46
5 轧制制度的制定 ............................................................................................. 47
5.1下压规程的制定 ............................................................................................................ 47 5.2轧制力的计算 ................................................................................................................ 47
6 生产组织和经济技术指标 ............................................................................. 54
6.1 车间劳动组织和人员配备 ............................................................................................ 54 6.1.1生产人员 .................................................................................................................. 54 6.1.2技术人员 .................................................................................................................. 54 6.1.3行政管理人员 .......................................................................................................... 54 6.1.4其他人员 .................................................................................................................. 54 6.2 车间年产量计算 ............................................................................................................ 55 6.2.1轧制工作图表 .......................................................................................................... 55 6.2.2轧机轧制结构的确定 .............................................................................................. 55 6.2.3轧机的小时产量 ...................................................................................................... 56 6.2.4轧机的平均小时产量 .............................................................................................. 57 6.2.5影响轧机小时产量的因素 ...................................................................................... 58 6.2.6车间年产量计算 ...................................................................................................... 58 6.3 轧钢厂的环保 ................................................................................................................ 59 6.3.1 绿化 ......................................................................................................................... 59 6.3.2 各类有害物质的控制及防治 ................................................................................. 59 6.3.3 节能 ......................................................................................................................... 61 6.4 车间平面布置 ................................................................................................................ 61 6.4.1仓库面积计算 .......................................................................................................... 61 6.4.2 设备间距确定 ......................................................................................................... 62 6.4.3 车间跨距组成 ......................................................................................................... 62
专题部分： ......................................................................................................... 63 致 谢 ............................................................................................................... 72 参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 73
辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计 第1页
1 综 述
1.1冷轧薄板简介
金属在再结晶温度以下进行轧制变形叫做冷轧，一般指薄板不经加热而在室温直接进行轧制加工。冷轧后的带钢可能烫手，但还是叫冷轧[1]。
钢的冷轧是在19世纪中叶始于德国，当时只能生产宽度20~25mm的冷轧薄板。美国1859年建立了25mm冷轧机，1887年生产出宽度为l50mm的低碳钢板。1880年以后冷轧钢板生产在美国、德国发展很快，产品宽度不断扩大，并逐步建立了附属设备，如剪切、矫直，平整和热处理设备等，产品质量也有了提高。
宽的冷轧薄板(韧带)是在热轧成卷带钢的基础上发展起来的。首先是美国早在1920年第一次成功地轧制出宽带钢，并很快由单机不可逆轧制而跨入单机可逆式轧制。1926年阿姆柯公司巴持勒工厂建成四机架冷连轧机。
我国冷轧宽带钢的生产开始于1960年，首先建立了1700mm单机可逆式冷轧机，以后陆续投产了1200mm单机可道式冷轧机，Mxw1400mm偏八辊轧机、1150mm二十辊冷轧机和1250mmHC单机可逆式冷轧机等，70年代投产了我国第一套1700mm连续式五机架冷轧机，1988年建成了2030mm五机架全连续冷轧机。近年来我国冷轧薄板生产能力增加了20多倍，生产装备技术水平已由只能生产低碳薄板而发展到能生产高碳钢、合金钢、高合金钢、不锈耐热冷轧薄板、镀锌板、涂层钢板、塑料复合薄板和硅钢片等。但随着四化建设的发展，无论在数量和品种质量上都远远满足不了四化建设发展的需要，为此我们必须增建新轮机，改造现有冷轧机，大力发展冷轧生产。
冷轧生产可提供大量高精确度和性能优良的钢板和带材，其最主要的特点是加工温度低，同热轧生产相比，它有以下优点：
1.冷轧带钢产品尺寸精确，厚度均匀，带钢厚度差一般不超过0.01~0.03mm或更小，完全可以符合高精度公差的要求。
2.可获得热轧无法生产的极薄带材(最薄可达0.001mm以下)。
3.冷轧产品表面质量优越，不存在热轧带钢常常出现的麻点、压入氧化铁皮等缺陷，并且可根据用户的要求，生产出不同表面粗糙度的带钢(光泽面或麻糙面等)，以利于下