八年级英语上册笔记
always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时), hardly[ever](几乎不), never(从不)频率副词 ①助动词、be动词、情态动词后，行为动词前 ②hardly, never为否定副词，句中不需再加no或not Unit 1 How often do you exercise ③提问常用how often ④均可用现在时、过去时，且always, never还用于将来时 . The woman is very busy, so she seldom(难得，很少) watches TV hard ①困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的(形容词) The ground is too hard to dig. ②努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地(副词) They tried hard to succeed. hardly =almost not 几乎不，几乎没有 There’s hardly any coffee left. =There’s almost no coffee left. sometimes 有时(现在、过去) He was sometimes late for school. sometime 某时(将来、过去) He came here sometime some time 一段时间(各种时态) He will stay there for some time. some times 几次，几倍 He came home some times. ever ①曾经(完成时态) Have you ever been there? ②习惯动作或重复动作(疑问或否定句) Do you ever eat meat?◇You are hardly ever at home. ③比以往任何时候，曾经(比较时加强语气) He ran faster than ever. ④用于why,when等词后，表惊讶”究竟，到底” When ever did you leave? for ever 永远◇hardly ever 几乎从来不，难得◇never ever 从不，永不 once a week 一周一次◇twice a week 一周两次◇three times a week一周三次[前面中间均不用介词] once upon a time 从前◇at once 立刻，马上 on/at weekends 周末◇on the/this/that weekends (在双方都知道的特定周末) go to the movies= see a moive =go to the cinema=watch a movie去看电影 go to the theater去看戏◇go to the concert去听音乐会 go to school/college上(大)学◇go to church做礼拜 look (有意识地看，强调动作)看(不及物,接宾语+at) Please look at my family photo. see (着重看的结果)看见 see the doctor, see a film watch (仔细、欣赏)观看,(仔细)查看 watch a play/match/show read 看书，读报，读(钟表) read a book/newspaper/watch exercise ①运动，锻炼(不及物动词) He exercises three times a week. ②运动，锻炼(不可数名词) You should take exercise(=do sports) if want to healthy. ③练习；操(可数名词) Students always have a lot of exercises to do. do eye exercises做眼保健操◇do morning exercises作早操 surf 在?冲浪(及物动词)；冲浪(不及物动词) I like to surf the waves. ◇Look, the boy is surfing. surf the internet =go online 上网◇go surfing去冲浪
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how long多久/多长 (for/about +一段时间◇?meters long) how often多久一次 (often, twice a week) how soon 多快/过多久 (in+一段时间) how far 多远 (ten minutes’ walk) how many 多少 (数词+可数名词复数) how much 多少(钱) (数词+量词+不可数名词/数词+钱) go shopping去购物◇go skating去滑冰◇go fishing去钓鱼◇go boating去划船 go sightseeing去观光◇do some reading阅读◇do some washing洗涮◇do some cooking做饭 do some swimming游泳◇do some speaking说话◇do some listening多听 not 不 (副词，后接动词、形容词、副词) no 不,没有(形容词，作定语，后接可数名词、不可数名词) (=not a/an/any) I have no friends ◇No one can do it. 不许，不可(省略句中) No smoking！禁止吸烟◇No photos !禁止拍照 Here are?倒装句式 ①主语为代词，全句半倒装结构 Here you are给你◇Here he comes他来了 ②主语为名词，全句全倒装结构 Here are your books.◇Here comes the bus. result 结果，成绩(可数名词) get good results取得好成绩◇listen to the results听结果 the results of ?结果 as for 至于，就?而言 As for English, I like it very much. We all come, but as for him, he didn’t come. about ①大约 She is about twenty years old. ②在?周围 I lost my pen about the classroom. ③关于，对于 They are talking about a TV play. 注意on“关于”，用于表示严肃或学术性场合，供专门研究用 a speech on Africa history most ①多数的，大部分的 Most people think so. ②最大的，最多的 Who got the most help? ③大多数，大部分，大多数人(代词) most of the +复数名词 Most of the students like travelling. most of +物主代词+名词 He spends most of his time travelling. most of +宾格代词 Most of us like travelling. ④非常，很(副词)=very It’s a most interesting book. 一般现在时 ①经常发生频率副词always,usually,often,sometimes,every day, every week等 ②客观真理 ③心理状态和感觉动词无进行时be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand, remember,feel,believe,guess,think,look,see,hear,find,have,sound,taste等 drink 喝(tea,water,milk,cola,beer,wine液体类) eat 吃(fruit,vegetables,rice,fish,meet固体类) eat/have soup喝汤 take medicine喝药 have 吃，喝(三餐breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner)
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want sth 想要什么 want to do sth想要做什么=feel like doing=would like to do sth want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 注意want侧重主观，need侧重客观需要 sth want/need doing 主动表被动 The flowers want /need watering.=The flowers want/need to be watered. be good for 对?有益 be good to 对?好 be good at 擅自? It is a good habit to do sth 做什么是一个好习惯 fall/get into the habit of 沾染?习惯 form the habit of 养成?习惯 out of habit出于习惯 be good with 和?相处得好 health 健康(n) The old man is in good health. ◇keep in good health healthy 健康的(adj) My grandma is very healthy. ◇keep healthy ◇stay healthy pretty 很，相当(adv) The man is pretty old. ◇The book is pretty expensive. pretty 漂亮的，秀丽的(adj) What a pretty girl! eating habits饮食习惯◇sleeping pill安眠药◇drinking water饮用水 try (not) to do sth 努力(不)做某事 I try to answer the question. try doing sth 尝试做某事 He tried swimming across the river. try out 试验 Can I try out your new bicycle? try on 试穿 The dress is very nice. Can I try it on? try one’s best to do sth 尽最大努力去做某事 We should try our best to study English well. have a try 尝试一下 look after照看 look at =have a look at look over检查 look up (在字典中)查找 help sb to do sth help sb do sth help sb with sth with one’s help =with the help of help oneself to 请随便吃些 look forward to 期待，盼望 look around/about环顾 can’t help doing sth 禁不住，情不自禁 too 肯定句，句中前后用逗，句末前用逗号 He has a knife. I have a knife,too. also 肯定句，实义动词前，系助动词后 Sandy was also at the party. either 否定句，句末前用逗号 He won’t go, either. Saying a thing is very different from doing it. What’s the difference between the two words? kind of 稍微，有点儿 I’m kind of tired我有点累 a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样的 different/many kinds of 不同种/许多种类 It’s very kind of you to do that maybe 大概，或许(副词)=perhaps Maybe you are right. may be (情态动词+be) You may be right. 第 3 页 共 16 页
although虽然，尽管(从属连词)=though不能与but(并列连词)同时使用，但可与still,yet同时连用 Although he is old, he is still healthy.=He is old, but he is still healthy. 注意：because与so不能连用。Because A句，B句=A句，so B句 keep doing sth 持续做某事(不间断) keep on doing sth反复做某事(短暂间断) keep sb/sth +adj. 使某人保持某种状态 keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止，保护?不受(from) keep up with赶上◇keep a shop开商店◇keep in touch with与某保持联系◇keep an eye on照看 must 必须，应当(否定needn’t 或don’t have to不必) Must I stay here?—No.You needn’t/don’t have to. mustn’t 禁止 You mustn’t drive so fast.不许开车开得这么快。 must 必定会,很可能 This dish must be delicious.这道菜肯定好吃 What’s wrong with you? Unit 2 What’s the matter? What’s the matter/trouble with you? What’s your trouble? What’s up? have a backache背痛=have a sore back My legs hurts. My eyes ache. I have a pain in the arm. get back=be back=come back=return lie 躺；位于—lay—lain—lying lie 说谎—lied—lied—lying give sb advice on sth给某人提有关某某建议 take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 advise sb (not) to do sth建议某人(不)做某事 see the doctor ==go to the doctor’s believe sb 相信某人(的话) believe in sb 信任某人 feel/be/get tired 感到疲劳 be/feel tired of对?感到厌倦 be/feel tired with 因?劳累 I think so.我认为是这样 I don’t think so.我认为不是这样 类似词：believe, suppose, hope, say等 hope so wish sb to do sth hope to do sth wish sb sth hope that从句(很可能实现的愿望) wish to do hope for sth wish that从句 (不太可能实现的愿望) problem难以解决难题或问题，与solve、settle搭配 question 要口头回答的问题，与ask、answer搭配 trouble 麻烦事，忧虑，与have、make搭配 for example 举例说明(只举一个) He bought a lot of school things, for example, notebooks. such as 列举同类中的几个例子=like He knows several languages, such as English, French and Russian. It is +adj+ for +sb +to do sth 形容词表事情性质、特征：improtant,easy,difficult,hard,necessary等 It is +adj+ of +sb +to do sth 形容词表人的品质、特质：kind,wise,clever,good,right,foolish等
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everybody/everyone 每个人 (谓语用单数，后不能接of) Everybody/everyone likes children. every one 每个人，每件物 (后能接of) Every one of us loves the children. get stressed out变得紧张，有压力的 under ? stress 在压力之下 at the moment=now 目前 for the moment暂时 at that moment 在那时 at the last moment在最后关头 a moment ago刚才 just a moment稍等一下 for a moment 一会儿 be sorry to do sth 对做?感到遗憾 keep balance 保持平衡 be sorry for sb 对某人感到遗憾 a blanced diet 饮食平衡 be sorry about sth 对某事感到遗憾 a balance of ?的平衡 be +V-ing 进行时表预计将来要做的事情，跟将来时间 He is leaving Beijing tomorrow. 他明天离开北京 summer vacation/holiday暑假 winter vacation/holiday 寒假 Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? take a holiday/vacation 度假 for vacation 度假(表目的) on vacation 度假(表行为进行) holiday 休息日，假日=vacation festival (民俗、宗教或喜庆)日或(音乐、戏剧、电影等)会演节日，前常用冠词 a film festival the Spring Festival day 传统节日或法定节日 Teachers’ Day go camping 去野营◇go hiking去徒步远足◇go boating去划船 do some washing洗衣服◇do some cooking煮饭◇do some shopping买东西 do some cleaning大扫除◇do some listening/reading/writing/speaking多听/读/写/说 How/What about(prep) +sb/sth/doing sth?怎么样；对于?怎么样 How/What about you,Tony? How/What about your exam last week,Kate? How/What about sitting in the garden? How long 多长时间 持续性谓语动词live, stay, study,work,play,等；for +一段时间 How long 多长 How long is the river? live 长时间居住 stay 短暂停留 He lives in Wuhan but now he stays in Beijing. go away离开=be away=get away take away拿走 run away跑开 have a good/rice/great/wonderful time = have fun= enjoy oneself玩得高兴 have a good time/have fun (in) doing sth=enjoy doing sth 很高兴做某事 send,give,show,bring,teach,tell + sb + sth= V + sth to sb buy,sing,make,cook,get + sb for sb My father bought a computer for me. Please send it to him. 第 5 页 共 16 页