can/could/be able to afford 承担得起；买得起(vt.) We can afford the new house. afford to 负担得起(vi.) We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. afford 提供，给予(vt.) Trees afford some shelter from the sun. turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn out 关，熄灭 turn up旋大 turn down旋小 turn in 上交 turn into使成为，翻译成 turn against反对 turn over翻转 cut up切碎 cut down砍倒 cut off中断，切掉 cut sth in halves/two将某物对半切开 have/get one’s hair cut某人剪头发 pour out 倒出 pour ?into/in 把?倒进?里 put ? into把?放进?里；把?变成 put away把?收起来；整理好 put on穿上 put off推迟，延期 put out 熄灭 put down放下；记下 put up挂起，举起 cup (玻璃以外原料制成)杯子；奖杯 a cup of tea一杯茶 the World Cup世界杯 win the cup优胜杯 glass(玻璃制成)杯子 a glass of milk一杯牛奶 mix up混合；混淆；弄乱 Don’t mix up those pieces of paper. mix?with 把?和?混合 Mix this oil with the paint and stir well. add?to? 把?加到?上 add some wood to the stove add to sth 增加某事物 add to our difficulties Unit 7 How do you make a bananas milk shake? add up加起来 Add up 3, 4 and 5 and you'll get 12. add up to sth总计，共达 The number add up to 100. at the top of 在?顶端，在?最上方(范围内，点上) His name is at the top of the list.高居榜首 on top of 在?顶上，在?上方(范围外) There is a TV tower on top of the hill. on the top of 在?上面(面上) There is a bird on the top of the house. a recipe for 一份?的食谱 a recipe for making salad制作沙拉的食谱 a slice of 一片 in the yard在院子里 take photos照相 in my opinion 就我看来；按我的观点 check sth 检查某物 Unit 8 How was your school check in 登记；签到 check up 核对 check list 核对清单 hang—hung—hung逗留；悬挂 hang—hanged—hanged 绞死；吊死 hang out 逗留；与某人在一起 hang about=hang about闲逛 hang up挂断电话 hang on不挂断 win sth 赢得比赛、战斗、奖品、名次等 win a prize/game/match/honor/battle/schoolship beat sb 战胜对方 beat a team/a nation/an opponent journey 长途陆路 trip 短途短期 tour观光游玩 travel时长路远 foreign travel buy sb sth =buy sth for sb buy sth from sb sell sb sth= sell sth to sb at the end of 在?最后；在?末端 by the end of 到?为止 in the end=finally最后 sleep late睡过头；起得晚 sleep well 睡得香 sleep badly 睡得不好 go to sleep 去睡觉 第 11 页 共 16 页
on next day off 下一个休息日 on last day off 上一个休息日 go for a walk去散步 go for a swim去游泳 go for a ride去骑马(车) go for a doctor去请医生 go for a picnic去野餐 sound(听起来)/feel(摸起来)/taste(尝起来)/look(看起来)/smell(闻起来) +adj. That sounds fun. sound(听起来)/feel(摸起来)/taste(尝起来)/look(看起来)/smell(闻起来) +like +n. That sounds like a good idea. “令人?,”“让人?”，物作主语或作定语修饰物 V-ing形容词：表事物性质、特质， exciting/interesting/moving/surprising/pleasing/frightening The story is boring. ，“使人?的”。主语为人 V-ed形容词：形容人，表示“感到?的” excited/interested/moved/surprised/pleased/frightened I’m bored with the book. have fun doing sth=enjoy doing sth= have a good time(in) doing sth有趣做? fun 玩笑，娱乐(不可数名词)；有趣的(形容词) funny 滑稽的(形容词) Who is it? 是谁？ (it用来指代双方心目中都明白但仍未弄明白的人或物) --It’s me. 是我。 lucky 幸运的 a lucky dog幸运儿 a lucky guess 侥幸猜中 a lucky day幸运日 Lucky you真幸运 luckily 幸运地 luck 幸运 Good luck to you! Unit 9 When was he born？ be born in 出生于(地点、时间) He was born in England in 1995. be born on 出生于(具体某一天) He was born on May 4,1995. be born of 出身于(家庭) He was born of a poor family. begin=start 开始 以下几种情况只能用start ①创办，开设 He started a new shop last year. ②机器开动 Can you start the car? ③出发，动身 We must start early. too ? to 太?而不能 He is too young to go to school. so ? that 如此?以致于 He is so young that he can’t go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school. (主从句主语同一) The box is so light that the child can lift it. =The box is light enough for the child to lift it. (主从句主不同) become a doctor = turn doctor (接职业名词) become 身体、职位变化，作瞬间动词时指状态变化 become a computer engineer. get 多接比较级，指人的感情、身体状况、自然或社会变化 His health is getting better. turn 颜色或性质等变化 Trees turn yellow in autumn. grow 渐渐变成为，生长性变化 My father is growing old. go 进入不好的状态 go bad变坏 come 进入好的状态 come true实现
第 12 页 共 16 页
called=named 被叫做 I have a friend called Jim. call sb name喊某人的名字 call sb names骂人 call on sb 拜访某人 call off叫走 call in召集，来访 call out出动 play?for 为效力 in one’s free/spare time 某人空余时间 loving 慈爱的(长辈)；真挚的 She is a kind and loving mother. lovely 可爱的(儿童)；迷人的 Do you know the lovely girl? see sb do sth 看见某人做某事(强调全过程或习惯性) I often see him walk in the park. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(表动作正在进行) I saw him walking in the park. 注意：一感(feel)，二听(listen to , hear)，三让(have, make, let)，四看(see,observe,notice,watch) champion 冠军 (与get搭配) She became a skating champion at the age of 10. championship 冠军赛(即比赛) won the championship the World Women's Volleyball Championships世界女子排球锦标赛 be well-known for =be famous for 因?而著名(众所周知) He is famous/well-known for that novel. be well-known as (接身份)作为?知名，被称作是? Her mother is well-known as a model teacher. join +党派、团体、组织/us/them Would you like to join us? join sb in +活动 He joined us in the game. take part in +会议/群众性活动 I took part in the sports meeting yesterday. The only/last/next/序数词/最高级+名词to do He is the first boy to get to school every day. He is the only student to answer the question correctly in his class. alive 活着的，在世的(表语形容词，常作表语或补语,作表语=living) I’m afraid he is no longer alive. The kind decided to keep him alive. living 活着的(可作表语或定语) There are no living things on the room. Is your grandfather still living? live 活的，活生生的(主用于动物，一般只作定语)；实况直播的 A live fish is swimming in the water. There is going to be a live program of NBA tonight. lively 活泼的，有生气的(可作定语、表语) She is a lively girl. 以a开头的表语形容词(awake,asleep,afraid等)作定语时要后置 He is awake. The boy awake is his son. people 人们(集体名词，表复数概念) major in 主攻(动词) My brother majors in English. a people 一个民族(普通名词) major 主修课程(名词) My major is management. peoples 多个民族 major 主要的(形容词) This is a major road. because +句子 (连词) Because he is ill, he isn’t here today. because of +名词/代词/动名词 (介词短语) Because of his illness, he isn’t here today.
第 13 页 共 16 页
be going to do sth 打算、计划 I’m going to study in America (next month). will do sth 未预先思考、单纯将来事实(不与具体时间连用) I’ll tell her the news as soon as I see her. grow up 成长；长大；生长 Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball grown-up 长成的；成熟的 practice 锻炼，练习(名词)；练习(动词=practise) He practices speaking English every day. 后接动名词作宾语的动词 ①完成、实践、值得、忙(finish , practice , be worth , be busy) ②继续、习惯、别放弃(keep on , be used to , give up) ③考虑、建议、不禁、想(consider , suggest , can’t help , feel like) ④喜欢、思念、介意(enjoy , miss , mind) move house 搬家 move in 搬家，迁入新居 move to Beijing 搬到北京 move over 挪过去 move on 继续前进 look for 寻找 (强调动作) Tom is looking for his little dog. find 找到 (强调结果) I found the dog there. find out 弄清，查明 (强调仔细调查分析) I’ll go to find out the new ways to solve the problem. hold a meeting举行会议 hold a concert举行音乐会 hold a discussion举行讨论会 hold a exhibition举行展览 hold a sports meeting举行运动会 hold 握住；容纳；保持 rich 富饶的；富有的(反义poor) Bill Gates became very rich at the age of 25. be rich in在?方面含量高 Shanxi Province is rich in coal. keep fit =keep healthy 保持健康 buy sb sth =buy sth for sb leave his job 辞职 part-time job兼职工作 buy sth at 按单价买某物 exchange student 交换生 buy sth for 以总金额购买 take acting lessons上表演课 buy sth with 以什么方式购买 all over the world全世界 = around the world make the soccer team组建足球队 all over the country全国 make a resolution to do 下决心去做 yet ①至今，还，尚未，已经(否定、疑问) we haven’t heard from him yet. Has the ship left yet? ②仍然(肯定) He’s yet a child. (=still) already ①已经 (肯定) The train has already left. still 更加=even (修饰比较级) ②表惊奇(疑问) Has she already gone? play the +西洋乐器(piano/violin/guitar) play an instrument 演奏一种乐器 play +中国乐器(erhu/pipa) play pipa get sick 生病 get angry生气 get good grades取得好成绩 get a job获得好工作 get a letter from sb 收到某人来信=hear from sb Get it?明白吗？ get a cold患感冒 communicate with 交流 They want to communicate better with their kids. communicate sth to sb 传达给某人 I communicated the news to them. Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? She works as a teacher. 作为(职业、身份) She works like a bee. 像(比喻) 第 14 页 共 16 页
do the dishes 洗盘子(=wash the dishes) sweep the floor扫地 take out the trash倒垃圾 make your bed整理你的床铺 fold your clothes叠衣服 clean the living room打扫起居室 put away the dishes放好餐具 clear away the dishes 收拾餐具 make a telephone打电话 make a face/faces做鬼脸 make a living谋生 make a mistake/mistakes弄错，犯错误 make a noise/noises制造噪音 make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 make sure查明；确信 make fun of 取笑 stay out 待在户外 stay in待在家里 stay at home stay up熬夜；挺住 work on从事；忙于(某项工作) My father is working on a novel.创作 work at 致力于 I’m going to work hard at English this term. work for 为工作 at work 在工作 play +球类运动名称 hate to do sth 表具体特定某个行为或动作 play with +具体东西 hate doing sth 表经常性习惯性动作 do chores 干家务事=do housework do the laundry洗衣服 do the cleaning打扫卫生 do the cooking做饭 do the reading阅读 do some writing写作 do some cleaning扫除 do some sweeping扫地 do some singing唱歌 do the flowers插花 do one’s hair梳头发 do one’s lessons做功课 make a meal做饭 make dumplings包饺子 make paper造纸 make tea沏茶 make a fire生火 make a war开战 borrow sth from sb/somewhere lend sth to sb =lend sb sth How long may I keep this book?---Two weeks. May I use/borrow your pen? feed 羊 on 草 = feed 草 to 羊 feed on 以为食(动物) Horses feed on grass. live on 以为生(多用人) He lives on teaching. He lives on his parents. take out 取出 take away拿走 take in 接受，吸收 take off 脱掉；起飞 feel comfortable感到舒适 Unit 12 What’s the best radio station? make yourself comfortable放松些，别客气 be seated 就座 take one’s seat 就座 seat oneself就座 sit down坐下 take a seat 坐下 close to home 靠近家=next to =near (to) close friends密友 a close game势均力敌的比赛 in town在镇上 out of town出城 go to town进城 (均不用加冠词) in the country在农村 He was born in a small town. do a survey of 做调查 = make a survey of cut one’s price 砍价 第 15 页 共 16 页
learn of/about 了解 learn by heart 记忆；背诵 learn from sb 向某人学习 learn to do sth 学着做某事 learn one’s lesson吸取教训 The +最高级+ of/in/among 比较级+than any other+单数名词 He is the tallest boy in our class. = He is taller than any other boy in our class. far, by far, much, almost, nearly等可修饰最高级 The building is nearly the highest. talk/speak/laugh loud (高声) He speaks loud and clear. read/call aloud (发声) Can you read aloud? loudly = loud 喧闹 Someone knocked loudly at the door. talent show 才艺表演 a talent for drawing 绘画天才 success 成功的事(可数) The experiment is a great success. success 成功(不可数,与make,have连用) He made great success in learning English. successful 成功的 Wish you successful!祝你成功 succeed 成功(动词) He succeeded in passing the exam. together 一起，共同(副词) They walked together on their way to school. get together 集合；聚会 all together 一起；总共 together with 和，连同 altogether 总计 Altogether there are six of us. 注意：together不能与collect, join, meet,gather等连用,这些动词本身已经含有一起之意 farther (距离)更远 Who can swim farthest? further (程度)更远 She can not go farther/further. We need go further into the matter. in the east of 在东部 Taiwan is in the east of China. on the east of 在东部(接壤) North Korea is on the east of China. to the east of 在东面(不接壤) Japan is to the east of China. enough 足够(名词) Enough has been said of this problem. enough 足够的(作形容词，放名前后均可) I have enough time/ time enough to watch TV. enough 足够地(作副词，放被饰词后) The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag. there be enough有足够的 There aren’t enough teachers. enough to do sth 有足够的做某事 I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. 注意比较对象的一致性 Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China. Shanghai is larger than all (the) other cities in China. Shanghai is larger than anywhere else in China. 第 16 页 共 16 页