可数名词。 Money is not everything.金钱不是万能的。 a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 The milk is bad.这些牛奶坏了。 (一)不定冠词的用法
1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量,意思和one差不多: I am a student. 我是一名学生。
Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。
2、表示人或事物的某一类
A steel worker makes steel. 钢铁工人制铁。
A teacher should love his students. 老师应该爱他的学生。
3、表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。 This is an apple. 这是个苹果。
His father is a teacher. 他的爸爸是个老师。
(二)定冠词的用法
1、和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或东西: The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是兽中之王。
We must catch the next bus. 我们必须赶下一班公共汽车。
2、 指上文中已经提到的人或事物
There is a chair in the classroom. A teacher is sitting on the chair. 教室里有张椅子。一个老师坐在这张椅子上。
My mother gave me a schoolbag. The schoolbag is nice. 我妈妈送给我一个书包。这个书包很漂亮。
3、 指世上独一无二的事物或自然现象的名词前 The sun is hot. 太阳很热。
I can see a bird in the sky. 我能看见天上有只鸟。 The moon goes around the earth .月亮绕着地球转。
4、说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物
She goes to the theatre every week. 她每星期都去看戏。 What’s in the papers? 报上有什么新闻?
5、 用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛名称的名词前 the Changjiang River 长江 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山
6、用在报刊、杂志名称前 the New York Times 纽约时报 the People’s Daily 人民日报
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7、用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。例如:
The Greens are coming to see us. 格林一家人要来看望我们。
8、用于某些词组中。这种用法是约定束成的,我们只有遵从而无旁的选择。 in the morning ( afternoon , evening )上午(下午,晚上) go to the cinema 看电影 in the past 在过去
by the way 顺便说一下
(三)不用冠词的情况
1、 物质名词表示泛指时不用冠词
Wood is used to make paper. 木头被用来造纸。
Fish can’t live without water. 没有水,鱼就不能生存。
2、 抽象名词表示概念是不用冠词
Music is a kind of language. 音乐是一种语言。 We need freedom. 我们需要自由。
3、表示人名、地名、国名、城市、街道和字首为Mount的山及大多数湖泊的专有名词前不加冠词 Li lei is a good student. 李磊是个好学生。 China is a big country. 中国是一个大国。
4、 在星期、月份、季节和节假日等专有名词前一般不用冠词 I like Spring Festival. 我喜欢春节。
I often play piano on Friday. 我通常周五弹钢琴。
5、 三餐、球类运动的名词前不加冠词 It is time for lunch. 到时间吃午饭了。 Football is very popular. 足球很流行。
二、数词
数词是表达数字和顺序的词,分为基数词和序数词。 (一)基数词
基数词表示精确的数量。 1、100以内的基数词: 1-9 one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8
11-19 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14 fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seventeen 17 eighteen 18 10-90 ten 10 twenty 20 thirty 30 forty 40 fifty 50 sixty 60 seventy 70 eighty 80 12
十与十之间的数 twenty-one twenty-two thirty-three forty-four fifty-five sixty-six seventy-seven eighty-eight nine 9 2、100以上的数词: nineteen 19 ninety 90 ninety-nine 100以上的数词 a hundred a thousand ten thousand a hundred thousand a million ten million a hundred million a billion
3、混合数目的读法
1)百位数目一般在百位和十位之间加一个and。
数次写法 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000,000 101—— a hundred and one
320——three hundred and twenty 649——six hundred and forty-nine
2)千位以上的数目从右向左数起,每三位数加一个逗号。从右开始,第一个逗号处读thousand,第二个逗号处读million,第三个逗号处读billion。
2,648——two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 3,008——three thousand and eight
16,250,064——sixteen million,two hundred and fifty thousand,sixty-four
4、 基数词的用法
Thirteen is an unlucky number in western countries. 在西方国家13是个不吉利的数字。 I need three altogether. 我一共需要三个。 Five times five is twenty-five. 5乘以5是25。
5、表达日期、时间 1)表达日期
用基数词表示“年”,年代是四位数时先读前两位,再度后两位。日通常用序数词读出,前面接定冠词the。年月日在美式英语中的顺序是月日年,英式英语中是日月年。 1997年——nineteen ninety-seven
2010年3月3日—— October 3rd,2010 或 3rd October,2010 读作: October the third,two thousand and ten
20世纪90年代:in the 1990s 或 in the 1990’s 读作:in the nineteen nineties 附:1—12月份表达:
January February March Spring May June July August September October November December 2)表达时刻
A、a.m. 表示“上午”,p.m.表示“下午”
9:35a.m. 上午9点35分 4 p.m. 下午4点
B、o’clock 前用阿拉伯数字或英语单词表示的时间,意为整点。在“时+分”的形式后,不可接o’clock at 6 o’clock 或 at six o’clock 在六点
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at 6:30 o’clock × C、时刻的表达法
30分众以内,英式英语用“分钟+past+小时”,美式英语用“分钟+after+小时”; 超过30分钟,英式英语用“分钟+to+小时”,美式英语用“分钟+of+小时”; 所有时间都可用“时+分”表达。
9:15 a quarter(一刻)past/after nine 或 nine fifteen 9:20 twenty past/after nine 或 nine twenty 9:30 half past nine 或 nine thirty
9:45 a quarter to/of ten 或 nine forty-five 9:55 five to/of ten 或 nine fifty-five
(二)序数词
序数词用来表示序列,通常在基数词后加-th构成,如fourth,sixth,seventh。以下是部分容易写错的序数词和基数词对照表: 数字 1 2 3 5 8 9 12 20 21 22 23 基数词 one two three five eight nine twelve twenty twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three 序数词 first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third 数字写法 1st 2nd 3rd 5th 8th 9th 12th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24 twenty-four twenty-fourth 24th 100以上的序数词,第100表示为100th(one hundredth),第101表示为101st(one hundred and first),其他情况以此类推。
He is my first teacher in the school. 他是我在这所学校里的第一位老师。 This is the third time I come to the mountain. 这是我第三次来这座山。
冠词练习:
1. There is _______ house in the picture. There is ________old woman near ____ house. A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for ______ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填
3. Alice is fond of playing ______ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填
4. Beyond ____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _____space. A. 不填;the B. the ; the C. 不填,不填 D. the; 不填 5.—How long did you stay there ? —About half ___ hour.
A. / B. one C. a D. an 6.------ Where is Jack?
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------ I think he is still in ______ bed, but he might just be in ______bathroom. A. 不填;不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the 7.When do you have _____breakfast every day? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
8. Many people are still in _____ habit of writing silly things in ______public places. A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填; 不填
9.There is ____ “s” in ____ word “bus”. A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a
10.Maths is ___ useful subject. You can’t drop it , I think. A. an B. a C. the D. / 11.—What color is ___ orange? --It’s _____ orange.
A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an 12.Mr. Li is ____ old worker.
A. an B. a C. some D. /
13.Look at ____ picture! There’s ____ house in it. A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a
14.One morning he found ____ handbag. There was ___ “s” on the corner of ___ handbag. A. a ; an ; the B. a ; a ; the C. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a 15.Meimei is ___ best student in her class. A. a B. an C. / D. the
16.Tom is ___ kind boy. All ___ students love him. A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the 17.Is ___ book on the desk mine? Yes. A. the B. a C. an D. /
18.Even while he was in ___ hospital, he went on writing songs. A. a B. an C. the D. / 19.Don’t read _____.
A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed 20.Smith is ____ honest man.
A. a B. the C. an D. / 参考答案:
1—10:BBADDDADBC 11—20ADADBADACD
数词练习:
一、写出下列基数词相应的序数词:
1. one __________ 2. two _________ 3. three _________ 4. five ________
5. eight __________ 6. nine _________ 7. twelve _________ 8. twenty __________ 9. thirty-one __________ 10. fifty-seven ____________ 9.thirty-fist 10.fifty-seventh 二、选择
1.\
A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine
C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine 2.He will come here ____ tomorrow morning.
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