基本句式为：主语+be+动词的过去分词 Lucas is praised.卢卡斯被表扬了。
This window is cleaned. 这扇窗户被清洗过了。 注：
动词的过去分词通常由“动词原形+-ed”构成，此外有特例，具体在中高级的学习中会讲到。
PART 4 句子与句子之间的关系
常见的句与句之间的关系是并列，一般分为表同等关系的并列和表转折关系的并列句。 基本句型是：简单句+连词+简单句 1、表示同等关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句，and常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。 He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。
Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。
2、表示转折关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是)，but常译为“但是”，“可是”。 It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。
I can’t play piano, but I like listening to music. 我不会弹钢琴，但我喜欢听音乐。
句型练习：
一、 把下列陈述句变成一般疑问句。
1. Li Lei is at home today. ______ Li Lei at home today? 2. I go to school on my bike.
______ you ______ to school on your bike? 3. He can see a bird in the tree.
______ he ______ a bird in the tree? 4. There are some apples in the basket.
______ ______ ______ apples in the basketball? 二、 把下列肯定句变成否定句。
5. He is in a red sweater. He ______ in a red sweater.
6. I can see some pictures on the wall in the classroom.
I ______ ______ ______ pictures on the wall in the classroom. 7. Colour it green, please.
Please ______ ______ it green.
8. Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house.
Li Lei and his friends ______ ______ to play in the tree house. 9. I think he is very old.
I ______ ______ he is very old. 10. There is some water in the river. There is ______ water in the river. 三、 对划线部分提问。
11. Her name is Liu Qian. ______ her name? 12. Jill is fine.
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______ is Jill? 13. Jack is five.
______ ______ is Jack?
14. My brother is in a black car. ______ ______ your brother?
15. The man in a black car is my brother. ______ ______ is your brother? 16. This is a map in English. ______ this in English?
17. She is my maths teacher. ______ is she?
18. One plus nine is ten. ______ one plus nine?
19. The red shirt is Li Ming’s. ______ is the red shirt? 20. I’m in Class Two.
______ ______ ______ you in? 21. His coat is green.
______ ______ is his coat?
22. There is only one pen in her pencil-box.
______ ______ ______ ______ there in her pencil-box? 23. It’s four forty-five. ______ ______ ______ ? 24. Ji’nan is in Shandong. ______ is Ji’nan?
四、 用括号内所给的词或词组把下列句子变成选择疑问句。
39. Lucy’s bag is behind her chair. (under her chair) ______ Lucy’s bag behind ______ under her chair? 40. I like to play football. (basketball)
______ you like to play football ____basketball? 五、将下列主动句转被动句
1 .His mother told him not to waste time on fishing. 2 .Father gave me a toy at Christmas. 3. This factory produces machine tools. 4. They should do it at once. 5 .He is likely to let you down. 6. They named the child Tom. 参考答案：
一、 1. Is 2. Do, go 3. Can, see 4. Are, there, any
二、 5. isn't 6. can't, see, any 7. don't, colour 8. don't, like 9. don't, think 10. no
三、 11. What's 12. How 13. How old 14. Where, is 15. Which, man 16. What's 17. Who 18. What's 19. Whose 20. What, class, are 21. What, colour 22. How, many, pens, are 23. What's, the, time 24. Where 四、 39. Is, or 40. Do, or 五、
1 He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother). 2 I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father).
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3 Machine tools are produced in this factory. 4 It should be done at once (by them). 5 You are likely to be let down. 6 The child was named Tom.
第七讲 时态
PART 1 了解时态
动词主要表示动作呢，其次表示状态。动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中动词的时态。动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示。
初级阶段我们将学习四种时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时和一般将来时。
PART 2 四种时态 1、一般现在时
一般现在时通常用动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it, Tom等）时，需在动词原形后面加-s或-es。一般现在时的各种形式如下表（以work为例）： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 简略回答 I/You/We/They work. He/She/It works. I/You/We/They do not work. He/She/It does not work. Do I/you/we/they work? Does he/she/it work? Yes, you/I/we/they do. 或 No, you/I/we/they don’t. Yes, he/she/it does. 或 No, he/she/it doesn’t. 2、现在进行时
现在进行时由“助动词be(am is are)+现在分词”构成。现在进行时的各种形式如下表（以work为例）：
I’m working. 肯定式 You are working. He/She/It is working. We/You/They are working. I’m not working. 否定式 You are not working. He/She/It is not working. We/You/They are not working. Am I working? 疑问式 Are you working? Is he/she/it working? Are we/you/they working? Yes, I am.或No, I am not. 简略回答 Yes, you are.或No, you aren’t. Yes, he/she/it is.或No, he/she/it is not. Yes, you/we/they are.或No, you/we/they aren’t. 3、一般过去时
一般过去时事由动词的过去式来表示的，因此，过去式便成了英语动词的基本形式之一。一般过去时
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的各种形式如下表（以work为例）： I worked. 肯定式 You worked. He/She/It worked. We/You/They worked. I did not work. 否定式 You did not work. He/She/It did not work. We/You/They did not work. 疑问式 简略回答 Did I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they work? Yes, you/I/he/she/it/we/you/they did. No, you/I/he/she/it/we/you/they didn’t. 4、一般将来时
一般将来时由“助动词shall/will+动词原形”构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称，shall常被will代替。一般将来时的各种形式如下表（以work为例）： I/We shall/will work. 肯定式 You will work. He/She/It/They will work. I/We shall not/will not work. 否定式 You will not work. He/She/It/They will not work. Shall/Will I/we work? 疑问式 Will you work? Will he/she/it/they work? Yes, you will. 或 No, you won’t. 简略回答
练习： 一、选择题
1.Do you enjoy _____ story books?
A seeing B reading C looked for D found 2.Did you_____ your lost pen?
A look for B find C looked for D found
3.There is a famous band _____ Lingdian. I like it very much. A called B read C call D got 4.When he ____ young, he ____ a good kid.
A is, is B was, was C is, was D was, is
5.They _____ the Great Wall yesterday ,and this their first _____ the Great Wall A visited, visit B visit, visit C visit, visit to D visited, visit to 6.His joke made everyone _____ loudly.
A laugh B laughed C laughing D to laugh 7.He ____ for a taxi, so he walked home.
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Yes, I/we shall/will. 或 No, I/we shall not/ won’t. Yes, he/she/it/they will. 或 No, he/she/it/they won’t.
A had some money B had any money
C didn’t have some money D didn’t have any money 8.boy is sitting _____ the corner of the museum A at B in C for D on 9.We had great fun _____ in the park.
A play B played C playing D to play
10.Tian’an Men Square is very _____. There’re many people there every day. A large B big C small D little
11.They decided ______ their vacation in Hainan. A spend B spent C spending D to spend 12.Everyone in Class 4 ___ TV on Sundays.
A. watches B. to watch C. watching D. watched 13. ___ you ___ soccer over the weekend?
A. Did, played B. Do, played C. Did, play D. Did, plaied 14. Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital. A work works B works work
C work are working D is working work 15.One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has 16.We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain 17.He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 18.Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 19.Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Maria _________ _________ any (not have) eggs.
2. _________ Alice and Tina _________ any fish? No, they _________. (have) 3. _________ Tom’s cat _________ milk? No, it _________. (like) 4. There _________ (be) a story book and two pens on my desk. 5. _________ you _________ bananas? (like) 6. This _________ my pen pal Jim. (be)
7. What language _________ you _________? (speak)
8. My brother _________ _________ to be a scientist. (not like) 9. We _________ _________ Japanese at school. (not study) 10. He _________ _________ playing football. (not like) 11. Jim sometimes ________ (fly) a kite in the park. 12. Oh, it’s ten thirty. I have to ________ (go) to bed. 13. Mike often ________ (play) football after school. 14. The moon ________ (travel) round the earth.
15. It usually ________ (take) me more than two hours to finish my homework. 16. I will tell him the good news as soon as he ________ (come) back. 17. Miss Gao is very busy. She ________ (sleep) six hours a day.
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