23. Blake writes his poems in plain and direct language.布莱克的语言直白朴素。
24. Symbolism in wide rang is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.大范围地使用象征手法也是他作品的鲜明特征。 (II)William Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯
25. The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as the “Lake Poets”.诗人骚
塞,科勒律治也居住在同一地城,三人并称为”湖畔诗人”。
26. In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate.1842年政府
为他发了津贴，次年他压倒骚塞成为了“桂冠诗人”。
27. According to the subject, Wordsworth?s short poems can be classified into two group: poems about nature and poems about
human life.按照主题，华的短诗可分为两大类：关于自然的和关于人类生活的。 28. Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of nature.”华被称为”大自然的膜拜者”。
29. Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are
his themes.华认为普通人的普通生活应是文学的主题，她的作品大多描述普通百姓的喜怒哀乐。
30. His works contain “The Solitary Reaper”, “To a Highland Girl”, ”The Old Cumberland Beggar ” and “The Ruined
Cottage”.他的作品包括《孤独的收割者》，《致高地姑娘》，《老坎伯兰的乞丐》和《被摧毁的茅屋》。 31. In its daring use of subject mater and sense of then authenticity of the experience of the poorest, “Resolution and
Independence” is the triumphant conclusion of ideas first developed in the Lyrical Ballads.通过大胆运用这样的主题，同时对贫苦人民生活经历的描写拥有极大的可信度，“革命与独立”则成为《抒情歌谣集》中成功的结论，这在英国诗歌历史上也是第一次。
32. Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past .华兹华斯是一个怀旧的诗人。
33. Wordsworth?s deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profound
poetry which no other poet has ever equaled.华兹华斯对简洁朴素的风格的追求，对粉饰真实的厌恶使他的诗歌具有别人无法企及的纯净与深远之美。
34. he maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which
poetry could and should be made.他强调诗歌创作最要紧的是把握真实素材的来源，他的创作理论的核心便是普通人的生活经历，普通人的词汇语言都是诗人应该也能够汲取的素材。
35. William Wordsworth is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period.华兹华斯是
英国诗歌史上的精英，是浪漫主义时期的杰出代表。
36. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing
inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.他对诗歌的巨大贡献在于开启了现代诗歌，开创了运用百姓生活语言写诗的新道路，并号召人们回归自然。
(III)Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞.泰.科勒律治
37. In 1798, the two men published a joint volume of poetry, Lyrical Ballads, which became a landmark in English poetry.
1798年，他同华兹华斯合作出版《抒情歌谣集》，成为英诗发展的一座里程碑。
38. In addition to “The Ancient Mariner,” he wrote “Kubla Khan,” began writing “Christabel” and composed “This Lime-Tree
Bower My Prison,” “Frost at Midnight,” and “The Nightingale,” which are considered to be his best “conversational” poems.他创作了《古航海家之歌》，《忽必烈汗》，《子夜寒霜》，《夜莺》等名诗，这些都是他“对话诗”的代表。 39. Philosophically and critically, Coleridge opposed the limitedly rationalistic trends of the the 18th-century thought.在哲学
与文学评论方面，科勒律治反对18世纪那种局限的理性主义潮流。
40. he advocated a more spiritual and religious interpretation of life, based on what he had learnt from Kant and Schelling.他倡
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导了以坎特与斯凯灵理论的对人类精神化与宗教化的诠释。
41. He believed that art is the only permanent revelation of the nature of reality.他认为艺术是唯一一种能永远揭示现实的形
式。
42. Coleridge?s actual achievement as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: the demonic and the
conversational.柯勒律治在诗歌方面的成就可分为不同的两大类，神祗诗与对话诗。
43. Mysticism and demonism with strong imagination are the distinctive features of this group.这些诗歌的显著特点，便是神
秘与想象。
44. “Christabel” uses a freer version of the ballad form to create an atmosphere of the Gothic horror at once delicate and
sinister.“克丽斯特贝尔”一诗采用了更为自由的抒情诗形式，创造出的是与一种微妙而又邪恶的哥特式恐怖氛围。 45. He sings highly Wordsworth?s “purity of language,” “deep and subtle thoughts,” “Perfect truth to nature” and his
“imaginative power.” But he denies Wordsworth?s claim that there is no essential difference between the language of poetry and the language spoken by common people.他高度赞赏华兹华斯那“纯净的语言”，“深邃的思想”，“对自然完美真实的描述”以及他“非凡的想象力”。但是他不赞成华兹华斯所说的“诗歌语言与普通百姓的生活语言没什么两样”。 46. Coleridge was esteemed by some of his contemporaries and is generally recognized today as a lyrical poet and literary
critic of the first rank.科勒律治被同时期的诗界所尊崇，直至今日也被奉为第一流的抒情诗人与文学评论家。 47. he was one of the most influential English literary critics and philosophers of the 19th century.他是19世纪浪漫主义文学
与哲学的代表。
（IV）George Gordon Byron乔治.戈登.拜伦
48. The publication in 1812 of the first two cantos of Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage, brought Byron fame.拜伦早期代表作是长
篇叙事诗《恰尔德.哈罗德游记》第一，第二章（1812）。
49. In Geneva, he wrote the third canto of Childe Harold and the narrative poem The Prisoner of Chillon.在日内瓦，拜伦写下
了《哈罗德游记》第三章及叙事诗《齐伦的囚犯》。
50. he produced the verse drama Manfred, the first two cantos of Don Juan.他创作了诗剧《曼弗雷德》，《唐璜》的前两章。 51. Don Juan is Byron?s masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19th century.他的代表作《唐璜》是19世纪初期的著名
讽刺史诗。
52. Byron invests in Juan the moral positives like courage, generosity and frankness, are virtues neglected by the modern
society.拜伦在唐璜身上开发出勇敢,慷慨,诚恳直白等优点。
53. the poet?s true intention is, by making use of Juan?s adventures, to present a panoramic view of different types of society.诗
人的创作意旨在于通过唐璜的游历来体现不同的社会情形。
54. Byron?s satire on the English society in the later part of the poem can be compared with Pope?s; and his satire is much less
personal than that of Pope?s, for Byron is here attacking not a personal enemy but the whole hypocritical society.拜伦在诗的末尾对英国社会的讽刺与蒲柏相媲美，有过之而无不及，因为拜伦讽刺的不是个人恩怨，而是整个社会的虚伪。 55. As a leading Romanticist, Byron?s chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic hero,” a proud, mysterious rebel figure
of noble origin. Such a hero appears first in Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage, and then further developed in later works such as the Oriented Tales, Manfred, and Dan Juan in different guises.作为浪漫主义的代表诗人，拜伦的主要贡献在于他创造了“拜伦式英雄”，高傲，神秘，反叛却带有贵族血统。这种拜伦式英雄出现在《哈罗德游记》，《东方故事集》，《曼弗雷德》及《唐璜》等多部作品中。
56. Actually Byron has enriched European poetry with an abundance of ideas, images, artistic forms and innovations.拜伦以丰
富的思想，想象力，艺术形式和创新欧洲的诗歌得到了发展 (V)Percy Bysshe Shelley柏.比.雪莱
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57. He held a lifelong aversion to cruelty, injustice, authority, institutional religion and the formal shams of respectable society,
condemning war, tyranny and exploitation.他一生都在执著的反抗社会上的残忍与不公，强权与宗教，战争与剥削。 58. He realized that the evil was also in man?s mind.他认为罪恶还存在于人的思想。
59. One of Shelley?s greatest political lyrics is “Men of England. The poem was later to become a rallying song of the British
Communist Party.”雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗是“致苏格兰人民”，这首诗在宪章运动时期成为广大工人的战歌。 60. Best of all the well-known lyric pieces is Shelley?s “Ode to the West Wind”; here Shelley?s rhapsodic and declamatory
tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them.雪莱最著名的抒情诗当属“西风颂”，这首诗语气狂热，宜于诵读。 61. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” The poem is written in the terza rima form Shelley derived from his reading
of Dante.“如果冬天已经来临，春天还会远吗？”诗人引用了文艺复兴时期意大利诗人但丁的三行诗节隔句押韵法。 62. Shelley?s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus Unbound，The play is an exultant work in praise of
humankind?s potential, and Shelley himself recognized it as “the most perfect of my products.”.雪莱最有造诣的作品是他的四幕诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》，它赞扬了人类自身的潜力，雪莱认识它是自己最出色的作品。 63. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological
allusions.像布莱克一样，由于不同于其他人，他是个备受推崇的诗人，他的作品博学，具有深厚文化底蕴，含有丰富的典故和神灵的暗示。 (VI)John Keats约翰.济慈
64. Endymion, published in 1818, was a poem based on the Greek myth of Endymion and the moon goddess.1818年,济慈出
版了长诗<安狄米恩>,该诗以希腊神话为素材,记述了牧人安狄米恩赫月光女神的故。
65. It was this yearning and suffering that quickened his maturity and added a new dimension to his poetry.一连串挫折与内心
压抑的情感促使他走向成熟，并使他未来的创作更加丰满。
66. At the heart of these pomes lies Keats? concern with how the ideal can be joined with the real, the imagined with the actual,
and man with woman.这些诗歌表达了济慈对如何将理想与现实，想象与实际，男人与女人结合起来的思考。 67. The volume also contain his four great odes: ”Ode on Melancholy,” “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” “Ode to a Nightingale,” “Ode
a Psyche;” his lyric masterpiece “To Autumn” and the unfinished poem “Hyperion.”这部诗集包括他著名的四首“颂”：“忧郁颂”，“希腊古瓮颂”，“夜莺颂”，“普赛克颂”及他抒情诗的代表作“秋日颂”和未完成的诗作“希波里恩”。 68. The odes are generally regarded as Keats?s most important and mature works.颂诗是济慈最重要也是最成熟的作品。 69. In the great of these works, he also suggests the undercurrent of disillusion that accompanies such ecstasy, the human
suffering which forever question the visionary transcendence achieved by art.在这些作品中,他对资本主义社会现实又不满，他的诗歌却常常带有唯美主义色彩。
70. “Ode to a Nightingale” expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony.”夜
莺颂”展示了自然界之美与人世之痛苦强烈的反差。
71. “Ode on an Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion.“希腊古
瓮颂”展示了永恒的艺术与短暂的人类热情之间的对比。
72. Sight, sound, scent, taste and feeling are all taken in to give an entire understanding of an experience.将视，听，嗅，味，
触等感觉都转化成绝美的文字，带来一个通透的体验。
73. He draws diction, style and imagery from works of Shakespeare, Milton and Dante.他在措词，风格和比喻上都参考了莎
士比亚，弥尔顿和但丁的作品。
74. Keats?s poetry characterized by exact and closely knit construction, sensual descriptions, and by force of imagination, gives
transcendental values to the physical beauty of the world. 济慈的诗以精确紧凑的造句，有感描写为特色，通过想象，营造了超出人类经验值的自然之美。
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(VII)Jane Austen 简.奥斯汀
75. Her first novel, Sense and Sensibility, tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs: Pride and Prejudice, the most
popular of her novels, deals with five Bennet sisters and search for suitable husbands; and Northanger Abbey.她的处女作《理智与情感》讲述了一对姐妹的恋爱经历；《傲慢与偏见》是她最著名的作品，讲述了贝内特一家五位姐妹寻找如意郎君的过程；《诺觉寺》讽刺了18世纪流行的哥特式骑士抒情诗。
76. Mansfield Park presents the antithesis of worldliness and unworldliness ; Emma gives the thought over self-deceptive
vanity; and Persuasion contrasts the true love with the prudential calculations.《曼斯菲尔德花园》表现了世俗与非世俗的并存；《爱玛》对自欺欺人的虚荣心给予了反思；《劝告》将真挚爱情与精打细算进行了对照。
77. She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm
belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear-sighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality.她主张地主阶级应在政治及社会生活中占主导地位，而她的作品也表现了她强调的理智高于情感，责任心、礼节、公正高于浪漫与个人主义的观点。
78. And in style, she is neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and gracefulness
in novel writing.在写作风格上，她提倡新古典主义，坚持理性，秩序，典雅的原则。
79. Austen?s main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships.奥斯汀的创作主题总与个人的生活
及人际关系有关。
80. It is her conviction that a man?s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns
about his belief and career.她确信一个人与自己妻子，儿女的关系最起码同他生命的另一半---事业，信仰---同样重要。 81. plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18-century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families
with their daily routine life.奥斯汀的写作素材十分狭窄。主题，角色，社会背景及情节都离不开18世纪英国的乡村中产阶级生活，总是三，四口之家的日常生活。
82. Pride and Prejudice, originally drafted as “First Impressions” in 1796, is the most delightful of Jane Austen?s works.《傲慢
与偏见》原名《第一印象》是奥斯汀最出色的作品。
83. Our first impression, according to Jane Austen, are usually wrong.奥斯汀认为人的第一印象总是有失偏颇的。 84. The structure of the novel is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the highest degree memorable, while the irony has a
radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere.这部小说结构精致灵巧，人物描写令人难忘，讽刺出其不意。 85. The works of Jane Austen, at once delightful and profound, are among the supreme achievements of English literature.
With trenchant observation and in meticulous detail, she presents the quiet, day-to-day country life of the
upper-middle-class English.奥斯汀的著作令人愉悦并有深意，是英国文学史上巨大的成就。她通过犀利细致的观察，向我们展现了平和的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活全貌。
86. Her characteristic theme is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.其典型的主旨是成熟，实在错误的幻想
打破后获得的。
87. Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of
form, to its maturity, and she has been regarded by many critics as one of the greatest of all novelists.由于她人类行为的普遍模式十分敏感，奥斯汀使英国小说走向成熟，众多评论家都认为她是英国最出色的小说家之一。
Chapter 4 The Victorian Period(1836-1901)维多利亚时期
1. Common sense and moral propriety, which were ignored by the Romanticists, again became the predominant
preoccupation in literary work.道德和常理这些被浪漫主义时代遗弃多年的主题，又回到了文学主流中来。
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2. Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater, both notorious advocators of the theory of “art for art?s sake.”唯美主义者奥斯卡．王尔德
与沃尔特．培特都极力推崇“为了艺术而艺术”的观点。 3. Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced.实用主义大行其道。
4. The poetry of this period was mainly characterized by experiments with new styles and ways of expression.这个时期的
诗歌具有风格标新，表达立异的特点。
5. Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality and spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down to
earth earnestness, the good-matured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented.维多利亚时期文学，真实地反映了时代的现实与精神，其中体现出的高度的活力，脚踏实地的精神，善意的幽默与无羁无绊的丰富联想都是空前的。
(I)Charles Dickens查尔斯．狄更斯
6. Soon The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club appeared in monthly installments. It is once lifted him into a position
of fame and fortune.很快《皮克威克外传》也出版了，这使狄更斯一度名利双收。
7. Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writer of the Victorian Age.狄更斯是伟大的批判现实主义作家。 8. The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking.他所能做的只是保持一种充满希望的乐观
主义。
9. Whatever his limitations, this man is loved and admired by the millions, not only for the practical reform his works have
helped to bring about but also for that heart which is ready to love and sympathize.不管狄更斯有何局限性，他都深受人民大众喜爱，不仅因为他的作品促进社会改良，更因为他那颗善良博爱之心。
10. In his works, Dickens sets out a full map and a Large-scale criticism of the nineteenth century England, particularly
London.在他的作品中，狄更斯对１９世纪的英国，特别是伦敦做出了全面地描绘及大量的批评。
11. His early works contain Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, The Pickwick Paper(legal fraud), David Copperfield and Martin
Chuzzlewit.他的早期作品包括《雾都孤儿》，《尼古拉斯．尼克尔比》，《皮克威克外传》（合法欺骗），《大卫．科波菲尔》和《马丁．瞿述伟》等等。
12. This youthful brightness and optimism is also manifest in the constant jokes and laughter.作者青年时期的这种明朗与乐
观还体现在作品的幽默与笑料中。
13. His later works contain A tale of two Cities, Bleak House, Little Dorrit, Hard Times and Great Expectations.后期作品包
括《双城记》，《荒凉山庄》，《小多利特》，《艰难时世》和《远大前程》。 14. Charles Dickens is a master story-teller.狄更斯具有惊人的讲故事能力。
15. Dickens? works are also characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.狄更斯的作品还有一个特点，是将幽默与哀
伤的泪水交汇起来。
16. Sometimes Dickens seems so anxious to wring an extra tear from the audience that he indulges himself in excessive
sentimental melodrama and spoils the story.有时狄更斯会将作品写的令读者潸然泪下，但由于他过于注重悲情的渲染，有时会破坏故事的连贯性。
17. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest Victorian writers, and his name one of those to be remembered forever. 狄更斯是
英国文学史上能与莎士比亚齐名的文学巨人，他的作品与人格都将永远留在人民心中。 (II)The Bronte Sisters布朗蒂姐妹
18. Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, and their gifted sister Anne Bronte came from a large family of Irish origin.夏洛蒂.布朗
蒂，艾米丽.布朗蒂，安妮.布朗蒂三姐妹出生于爱尔兰裔的大户人家。
19. Charlotte?s second novel, Jane Eyre, won immediate success when it appeared in 1847. In the same year, Emily?s single
and unique work Wuthering Heights and Anne?s Agnes Grey were also published.夏洛蒂的第二部小说《简爱》问世后
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