(II) Robert Lee Frost罗伯特.弗洛斯特
21. Though he is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in
New England, he wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of man?s life in his long poetic career: the individual?s relationships to himself, to his fellow-man, to his world, and to his God.虽然他总的来说是一位地方诗人，他的诗主要写的是新英格兰的风光和人物，但他在长期的做诗生涯中对人类生活的基本主题有所探索，探讨了个人对自己，对别人，对世界以及对上帝的关系。
22. His pomes contains “Mending the Wall”, “The Road Not Taken”, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”(speaker?s
choice between safety and the unknown)，and “After Apple-Picking”.他的诗包括《补墙》，《未选择的路》，《雪夜林边停》（作者在安全和未知之中留下了朦胧的诗味）和《摘苹果后》。 (III)
Eugene O’Neill尤金.奥尼尔
23. He is widely acclaimed “founder of the American drama”.他被广泛誉为“美国戏剧之父”。
24. O?Neill?s first full-length play, Beyond the Horizon made a great hit and won him the first Pulitzer Prize.奥尼尔第一部全
剧〈天外边〉上演，这部作品轰动一时并为他赢得了普利莱奖。
25. Between 1920 and 1924 came his prominent achievements in symbolic expressionism: eg .The Hairy Ape. These plays
are daring forays into race relations, class conflicts, sexual bondage, social critiques, and American tragedies on the Greek model.1920至1924年期间他的象征表现主义获得了空前的成就:如〈毛猿〉，这些作品中大胆涉猎了种族关系，阶级冲突，性的束缚，社会批评及希腊模式的美国悲剧。
26. Such as The Great God Brown, which fuses symbolism, poetry, and the affirmation of a pagan idealism to show how
materialistic civilization denies the life-giving impulses and destroys the genuine artist.如〈伟大的布朗〉，它将象征主义，诗歌和异教徒理想主义的证实融合到一起来表现物质文明是如何否认给予生命的冲动和摧毁天才艺术家的。 27. The Iceman Cometh proves to be a masterpiece in the way it is a complex, ironic, deeply moving exploration of human
existence, written out of a profound insight into human nature and constructed with tremendous skill and logic.〈冰人来了〉以其复杂，讽刺，对人类生存的深刻感人的探讨，以及用深邃的洞察力对人性的探讨，并应用了大量的技巧和逻辑证实了这部作品是部杰作。
28. Of all the plays O?Neill wrote most of them are tragedies, dealing with the basic issues of human existence and
predicament: life and death, illusion and disillusion, alienation and communication, dream and reality, self and society.在奥尼尔所有的作品重，多数是悲剧，处理的是人类生存和困境这些基本论点：生与死，幻觉和幻灭，疏远和交流，梦想和现实，自我和社会，欲望和挫折。
29. “The Hairy Ape”----Yank-brutal, stupid, and profane is the recognized leader of the stokers, who are the ultimate products
of a society subservient to machines. This is a play that concerns the problem of modern man?s identity. In his sympathy, he opens the cage and liberates it, only to be killed by the real big hairy ape.“毛猿”----扬克，残忍，愚蠢并且猥亵，被认为是采矿工人的头,他是社会屈从于机器后的最终产物。这部剧本涉及到现代人的归属问题。 (IV)
F.Scott Fitzgerald司格特.菲兹杰拉德
30. Thus he is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.他被认为是早期爵士乐时代的文学代言人。
31. His masterpiece The Great Gatsby, which made him one of the greatest American novelists.他的巨著《了不起的盖茨比》
是他成为杰出的美国小说家。
32. He drank and did crazy things after he got drunk, whereas staying sober enough to see the corruptive nature of the society
and the vanity fair that everyone, including himself, was infatuated with.他酗酒，并且酒后做出许多出轨的事，但又能沉静的看出包括他自己在内的那个时代社会的本质和虚荣。
33. Fitzgerald?s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the Jazz Age, in which he shows a particular interest in
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the upper-class society.菲兹杰拉德的小说世界是爵士时代精神的最佳体现。
34. But beneath their masks of relaxation and joviality there was only sterility, meaninglessness and futility, and amid the
grandeur and extravagance a spiritual wasteland and a hint of decadence and moral decay.但在轻松享乐后留下的只是颓废和一无所取。在物质的奢华后是一片精神的荒原和道德沦丧。
35. “The Great Gatsby”----At the end of the story, Nick broods over Gatsby?s dream and decides to go back home to the West.
Gatsby is a mythical figure whose intensity of dream partakes of a state of mind that embodies America itself. Gatsby?s failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream. 《了不起的盖茨比》----小说在结束时，尼克对盖茨比的梦想进行了沉思后决定回到西部老家去。盖茨比是个神话般人物，他的强烈的梦想是整个美国当时心态的反映。盖茨比的失败表明了美国之梦的破灭。 (V)
Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特.海明威
36. In Our Time is the first book to present a Hemingway hero—Nick Adams. 《在我们的时代里》这部小说集塑造了尼克.
亚当斯的形象。
37. The Sun Also Rises is Hemingway?s first true novel. It casts light on a whole generation after the First World War and the
effects of the war by way of a vivid portrait of “The Lost Generation,” a group of young Americans who left their native land and fought in the war and later engaged themselves in writing in a new way about their own experiences.《太阳照样升起》是海明威成熟的作品，通过“迷惘的一代”人的形象塑造，表现了一战后整个一代人的精神面貌以及一战给人们带来的影响。（迷惘的一代：一群离开祖国，参加战争的美国青年，战后开始动手写下他们的战争经历） 38. Hemingway?s second big success is A Farewell Arms. Frederick Henry, who is wounded in war and disillusioned with
insanity and futility of the universe. In this novel, Hemingway not only emphasizes his belief that man is trapped both physically and mentally, but goes to some lengths to refute the idea of nature as an expression of either God?s design or his beneficence and to suggest that man is doomed to be entrapped.《永别了.武器》是海明威第二步成名作。Frederick Henry在战争中受了伤，对世界的非理性无法理解。在这部小说里，作者不但强调了人类在肉体和精神上都受难的观点，而且驳斥了自然和上帝的善，表明人类被命运投入了火坑。
39. For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea tell more about the later Hemingway.《丧钟为谁敲响》和《老人
与海》是反映海明威后期思想的作品。
40. Those who survive in the process of seeking to master the code with the honesty, the discipline, and the restraint are
Hemingway Code heroes.他的典型人物就是用诚实，纪律和控制来实现抗争（海明威式英雄）。
41. However, though life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a way that loss becomes dignity; man
can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.虽然打败仗，但吃败仗也是有尊严的，人类的肉体可以消亡，但精神永远不可战胜。
42. Hemingway himself once said, “The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above
water.”海明威曾说过“冰山运动的尊严在于只有八分之一露出水面”。
43. No wonder Hemingway was highly praised by the Nobel Prize Committee for “his powerful style-forming mastery of the
art” of creating modern fiction.诺贝尔文学奖评委会是这样评价他的：他的简短有力的艺术风格开创了现代小说。 44. “Indian Camp”----The first and the typical of the seven Nick stories is “Indian Camp.” 《印第安营地》----是尼克故事中
的第一个，也是很典型的故事。 (VI)
William Faulkner威廉.福克纳
45. Faulkner has managed successfully to show a panorama of the experience and consciousness of the whole Southern
society.福克纳成功的表现了整个南方社会的历史意识。
46. Of Faulkner?s literary works, four novels are masterpieces by any standards: The Sound and the Fury, Light in August,
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Absalom, Absalam! And Go Down, Moses.福克纳最有影响的是这四部小说：《喧嚣与骚动》，《八月之光》，《押沙龙，押沙龙！》和《摩西，走下去》。
47. The best story to highlight Faulkner?s concern is “The Bear,” in which the view of the moral abomination of slavery and
the human entanglements which result from it goes beyond history, to the beginnings, to the mythic time.典型反映福克纳对此事关注的小说是《熊》，在这部小说里，对奴隶制的道德观以被超历史地追溯到了它的起源阶段。 48. To him, the primary duty of a writer was to explore and represent the infinite possibilities inherent in human life.他认
为，作家的主要职责就是探索并重视人类生活所秉承的各种可能性。
49. The modern stream-of-consciousness technique was also frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner emphasize the
reactions and inner musings of the narrator.现代意识流法也为福克纳所娴熟的运用来强调叙述的反映和内心深思。 50. Moreover，Faulkner was good at presenting multiple points of view.福克纳还善于从多视角来描述。
51. The other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include symbolism and mythological and biblical
allusions.他还运用了象征主义手法，并且大量引用了神话和圣经典故。
52. “A Rose for Emily”----In this story, Faulkner makes best use of the Gothic devices in narration.《给爱米丽的玫瑰》----在这篇小说里，福克纳充分利用了哥特式的叙述方法。
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