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[16]Charles Yablon,The Historical Race Competition for Corporate Charters and the Rise and Decline of New Jersey:1880—1910,32 Iowa J.Corp.L.323,337(2007).
[17]William Kirk,A Case Study in Legislative Opportunism:How Delaware Used the Federal—State System to Attain Corporate Preeminence,10,Journal of Corporation Law 233(1984). [18]Joel Seligman,A Brief History of Delaware’s General Corporation Law of 1899,1 Delaware Journal of Corporate Law 249(1976).
[19]Marcel Kahan & Edward Rock,Symbiotic Federalism and the Structure of Corporate Law,58 Vanderbilt Law Review 1573,1578—1583(2005).
[20]Morton Keller,Law and the Corporation,in Austin Sarat et al(ed.),Looking Back at the Law’s Century,Ithaca,New York:Cornell University Press,2002,p.239.
[21]据最新的统计,超过60%的Fortune 500公司和超过50%的美国(NYSE与NASDAQ)上市公司的注册地在特拉华州,适用特拉华州
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公司法。见http://www.corp.delaware.gov/default.shtml,2007年4月15日访问。
[22]Amasa Eaton,The First Book in English on the Law of Incorporation,12 Yale Law Journal 259(1903).1978年该书重新翻印,见William Sheppard,of Corporations,Fraternities,and Guilds New York:Garland 1978.
[23]Samuel Williston,History of the Law of Business Corporation before 1800(Part Ⅰ),2 Harvard Law Review 105,110(1888).
[24]Douglas Arner,Development of the American Law of Corporations to 1832,55 SMU Law Review 23,42(2002). [25]Joseph Angell & Samuel Ames,A Treatise on the Law of Private Corporations Aggregate(1832). [26]见前注 [24],p.50(2002).
[27]William Cook,A Treatise on The Law of Stock and Stockholders,as Applicable to Railroad,Banking,Insurance,Manufacturing,Commercial,Business,Turnpike,Bridge,Canal,
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and Other Private Corporations,New York:Baker,Voorhis & Co.1887.
[28]Alfred Conard,Cook and the Corporate Shareholder:A Belated Review of William W.Cook’s Publications on Corporation,93 Michigan Law Review 1724(1995).
[29]William Cook,The Law Book of the Future,21 Michigan Law Review 365,371(1923).
[30]美国法学教育的发展,参见(美)罗伯特·斯蒂文:《法学院:19世纪50年代到20世纪80年代的美国法学教育》,阎亚林等译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
[31]Ron Harris,The Transplantation of the Legal Discourse on Corporate Personality Theories:From German Codification to British Political Pluralism and American Big Business,63 Washington & Lee Law Review 1421(2006).
[32]Gregory Mark,The Personification of the Business Corporation in American Law,54 University of Chicago Law Review 1441,1464—78(1987).
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[33]John Dewey,The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality,35 Yale Law Journal 655,669(1926). [34]Max Radin,The Endless Problem of Corporate Personality,32 Columbia Law Review 643,667(1932). [35]Edward Rock,The Corporate Form as a Solution to a Discursive Dilemma,162 Journal of Institutional & Theoretical Economics 57(2006).
[36]A.A.Sommer,Jr.,Whom Should the Corporation Serve?The Berle—Dodd Debate Revisited Sixty Years Later,16 Delaware Journal of Corporate Law 33(1991).
[37]A.A.Bede,Jr.,Corporate Powers as Powers in Trust,44 Harvard Law Review 1049(1931).
[38]E.Merrick Dodd,Jr.,For Whom Are Corporate Managers Trustees?,45 Harvard Law Review 1145(1932).
[39]A.A.Berle,Jr.,For Whom Corporate Managers Are Trustees:A Note,45 Harvard Law Review 1365(1932).
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[40]对这一话题的回顾,见Anant Sundaram & Andrew Inkpen,The Corporate Objective Revisited,15 Organization & Science 350,351-352(2004).
[41]Dodge v.Ford Motor Company,170 N.W.668(1919).在该案中,福特汽车公司的小股东Dodge兄弟起诉要求大股东兼董事长Henry Ford派发公司红利,而非扩建工厂。通常情况下,法院基于商业判断原则,不会介入公司的内部事务。但在本案中,鉴于Ford辩称公司之所以不分红是为了更好地满足雇员与顾客的利益,法院明确表示,“一家商业公司组建并运作的主要目的是为股东谋利。董事应围绕这一目的行使权力。”
[42]Adolf Berle & Gardiner Means,The Modern Corporation and Private Property Mcamillan Company 1933.中译本见(美)阿道夫·伯利、加德纳·米恩斯:《现代公司与私有财产》,甘华鸣等译,商务印书馆2005年版。
[43]William Bratton,Berle and Means Reconsidered at the Century’s Turn,26 Journal of Corporation Law 737,738(2001). [44]伯利、米恩斯,见前注 [42],1932年版,序言。