解决或采取行动，以确保船舶的安全。 retain ①v.保留，保持②v.维持，防护
eg．How long must the GMDSS radio log be retained on board? 译：GMDSS无线电记录薄在船上必须保留多久？
rocky ①a.硬的②a.不稳定的，不安定的，动荡的③a.岩石的，礁石的 read out n.读出
remove seal 移走封条
S
sensitivity n.灵敏度，灵敏性，敏感度，敏感性
eg．The radar control that reduces weak echoes out to a limited distance from the ship is the sensitivity time control ( sea-clutter control) ．
译：雷达控制按钮在有限距离内减少不固定的回波是海浪抑制按钮。 serviceability n.可用性 show n.展示，展览，显示
eg．The shoreline shown on nautical charts of areas affected by large tidal fluctuations is usually the line of mean lower low water．
译：航用海图上显示的有大潮欺负的海岸线意思大潮。 solely ①ad.单独地②ad.仅仅，只是③ad.完全是，全然
eg．An oil tanker with dedicated clean ballast tanks shall have adequate tank capacity dedicated solely to the carriage of clean ballast as defined．
译：配备清洁压载水舱的油船应有相应的专门用以装载清洁压载水的舱容 spoke
①n.辐条，辐杆，轮辐②n.扶手，把手，栏杆③v.阻碍，妨碍④v.伸出，突出⑤n.舵轮柄⑥v.speak的过去式
spurious a.欺骗性的，寄生的，乱真的，伪的
submarine ①a.水下的，水底的②a.海底的，海生的③n.海底生物④n.潜水艇，潜艇 eg．A yellow signal，floating in the air from a parachute，about 300 feet above the water，indicates that a submarine will be coming to periscope depth．
译：水面以上约300英尺的空中降落伞上显示的黄色信号表示一艘潜水艇将上浮到潜望镜深度。
standing orders n.常规命令
eg．Orders of the Master to the officer of the watch which is he must comply with are Standing orders．
译：船长向值班驾驶员下达的命令值班驾驶员必须遵守。
T
tangent ①a.切线的，正切的②n.切线③n.正切
eg．A polyconic projection is based on a series of cones tangent at selected parallels． 译：多圆锥投影式用一系列锥形选择的平行线的正切线为基础的。 target
①a.目标，目的②n.对象，物标③n.靶艇，靶④n.（测量）觇板，觇标⑤n.（电子管）中间电极，对阴极⑥v.作为对 象，作为目标
eg．Coral atolls, or a chain of islands at right angles to the radar beam, may show as a long line rather than as individual targets due to the effects of beam width．
译：珊瑚环礁或列岛垂直于雷达波束，由于波束宽度的影响，可能显示一条长线而不是单独的物标。 territorial a.领土的
eg．A ship that，at any time，operates seaward of the outermost boundary of the territorial sea is required to prepare，submit，and maintain a shipboard oil pollution emergency plan．
译：任何从事国际航行的船舶都必须准备、提交和保持一份 船上油类应急计划。 tower n.塔，望楼（物标）
eg．In the event of a fire，the doors to a stairtower must be closed to prevent the spread of fire by convection．
译：在发生火灾时，梯道的升降口应关闭，以防火势通过对流方式蔓延。 transponder n.雷达脉冲转发器，发射机应答器，雷达应答器，询问机
eg．Search and Rescue Transponder is used for providing homing signals from survival craft for detection by 9．GHz radar．
译：搜救雷达应答器是用来从救生船上提供导航信号, 以9千兆赫雷达来探测。 trial ①n.试验，试用，试车，试航②n.审讯，审判，审理③a.试验性的，试制的 twice n.两次，两倍
eg．As the tide makes the water rise and fall twice a day a resulting current, or tidal stream, is generated.a resulting current, or tidal stream, is generated．
译：当潮汐使海水每天升降两次形成流或者潮流，形成一种结果是流，或者形成潮流。
V
vector ①n.矢量，向量，径量②n.向径③n.矢量引领，制导
eg．The trail of marks displayed a vector prediction of the target’s CPA． 译：路线的标志显示了目标的最小会遇距离。 viability n.生存能力
visual ①a.目测的，视觉的，视力的②a.直观的，可见的，肉眼的
eg．And crossing a radar range of one object with the visual bearing of a second object，the two objects should be 110° apart．
译：分别使用一个目标的雷达距离和一个物标的目测方位定位，两物标间的方位交角应大于110°。 vicinity n.邻近
eg．How can rescue personnel detect that a SART is transmitting in the immediate vicinity the SART's blips on the PPI will begin arcing and eventually become concentric circles．
译：搜救人员如何确认搜救应答器就在很近的地方发射PPI上，搜救应答器的回波开始弯曲并最终集中成同心圆形。 W
width ①n.宽度，幅②n.广阔，广度，渊博
eg．Bearing discrimination of a radar is governed by the horizontal beam width of the scanner which depends to agreat extent on its physical
size．
译：雷达方位的识别是扫描物体的实际尺度在很大程度上取决于水平波束的宽度。 第三章 航海气象
第一节 航海气象要素与常用术语 第二节 海上气象报告 第三节 气象导航
A
adverse adj．有害的
eg．Consideration should be given in planning for the mooring orientation in a new location so that in adverse weather a crane is
available to off-load the supply vessel on what side of the unit leeward side．
译：在某一个新到的地方，为供应船系缆时，应考虑在下风舷方向系缆，以便在恶劣天气条件下可以使用克令吊从 供应船上卸货。
alter ①v.改变，变更②v.改装
eg．Downwind for 1．miles，alter to starboard 90 degrees，go down this course for 1．mile；Then alter 90 degrees to
starboard and go down this course for 2．miles；Keep adding 1．mile ever time you alter to starboard．
译：向下风航行1海里，然后向右转向90度，航行1海里，再向右转向90度航行2海里，每次向右转向增加1海里航 程。
anticipate vt．预期
eg．To anticipate the affect wind will have on a ship’s heading, W must be viewed in relation to CLR．
译：为了预测风力作用如何影响船舶航向,我们必须把风的作用看做作用在侧向阻力中心。
analogous a．类似的 可比拟的 模拟的 analysis
①n.（复analyses）分析图（气象图用语）②n.分析，化验，计算，分解，解析，研究
eg．By plotting the analysis messages on weather charts, we are able to prepare a reasonable forecast of the wind and weather．
译：对于气象传真图上标绘的信息，我们能够进行一个合理的风和天气的预报。 atmospheric a．大气的
eg.Lines drawn through points on the Earth having the same atmospheric pressure are known as isobars．
译：在地球表面，连接所有具有相同的大气压的点所形成的线，叫等压线。 apogee n.（弹道）最高点，远地点
eg.The velocity of a rotary tidal current will be decreased when the Moon is at apogee． 译：当月亮处于远地点时，回转潮流的流速会降低。 approach
①n.途径，手段，方法②n.进出港航道，进口航道，引航道，引道③v.靠码头，靠泊④v.（时间）逼近⑤v.
驶近，走近，行近，渐近，临近⑥v.商量，探讨，处
eg.While on watch，you notice that the air temperature is dropping and is approaching the dew point．Which type of weather should be forecasted fog．
译：值班时，你注意到气温下降并接近露点。你估计会遇到什么天气雾。
B
barometric a.气压表的，气压计的
eg．Good weather is usually associated with a region of high barometric pressure． 译：高压区域一般天气比较晴好。
blink ①v.发火光，发火花②n.闪烁，闪光（故障） bad weather 恶劣天气，坏天气
eg．My vessel encountered bad weather with winds reaching force 9．on her way home．
译：我船在返回港口期间遇到九级风的坏天气。
backing wind 反转风，逆转风（北半球反时针转向，南半球顺时针转向） eg．If you are in the dangerous semicircle of a hurricane you can expect all of the following except backing winds．
译：如果你在飓风的危险半圆里，下列除了逆转风其它都可以遇到。 ballistic deflection （陀螺罗经的）惯性误差，冲击位移误差 barometric pressure 大气压力，大气压，气压
eg．When observing a rapid rise in barometric pressure, you may expect clearing weather, possibly accompanied by high winds．
译：测量到气压急剧上升，你将会遇到什么？晴天肯能伴随着大风。 blowing snow 吹雪
C
catastrophic a．灾难的
eg．Therefore, exceeding these limitations may result in overstress- ing of the ship’s structure which may lead to catastrophic failure．
译：因此，超过这些限制可能导致过载，可能导致灾难性的失败。 catch
①n.v.抓住，抓取，捕捉，截拦，收集②n.（门的）拉手，门扣③n.锁扣，插销，锁键，簧舌，掣④n.捕获量，
捕获物⑤v.了解，领会⑥v.着火，起火
eg.A fuel line breaks，sprays fuel on the hot exhaust manifold排气歧管，and catches fire．Your FIRST action should be to shut off the fuel supply．
译：你船的燃油管破裂，燃油喷到炽热的排气歧管上着火了。你应首先切断燃油供应。
constraint n．约束
eg．Because of space constraints, air ducts used aboard ships are often very small and have sharp curves and bends．
译：因为空间受限，船上空气管道一般很小且有大的曲线和弯曲。这导致空气在管道中高速流动。 content
①n.v.满足，满意②n.含量，内容③n.容量，容积④n.目录，目次⑤n.存数，存储 eg．For most products the fire will die out when the oxygen content is reduced to 12%． 译：有大多数显示来看火灾将在含氧量减少到12%的时候熄灭。 contrast ①n.对比率，对比度，差异②v.对比，对照
convergence ①n.聚合差②n.集中，收敛③n.辐合（度），会聚（度）
eg．If you observe the point of cloud convergence shifting to the right and the “bar”of the storm appears to move along the horizon the center of the storm will by-pass you． 译：
如你观察到云的聚合点向右移，且风暴的云墙沿地平线移动，说明风暴中心将绕过你船。 crystal
①n.冰晶状的东西，结晶，晶粒（如石英）②a.冰晶般的，晶体的③n.石英，晶体 eg．The thin，whitish，high clouds composed of ice crystals，popularly known as mare's tails are cirrus．
译：薄薄的，由冰晶组成的白色高层云，看起来象免尾巴一样的云是卷。
D decay
①v.（电荷）减少，腐蚀，朽坏，腐烂，衰退，衰变，毁坏②v.（荧光屏的）余辉 eg．If there any peculiar changeable errors, such as movable gens, listing of the ship, or anticipated decay from deperming, which
would affect the reliability of the compass, they should also be noted on the deviation card at this time．
译：如果存在任何奇怪的变化的误差，诸如，移动的炮弹，成列的船舶，或者预期磁性的减弱，这都将影响罗经的
可靠性，这些都应该在本次航行的自差上标注出来。
defect ①n.亏量，疵点，毛病，故障②n.缺点，缺陷，欠妥之处
eg．If a gasoline engine turns over freely but will not start，the cause is generally a defective ignition system．
译：如果一部汽油机可自由转动，但无法起动，一般是由于点火系统故障。
deflect ①v.（使）偏转，致偏，偏离②v.（使）挠曲，弯曲③v.偏斜，偏差，偏位 eg．The force resulting from the earth’s rotation that causes winds to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in
the Southern Hemisphere is called coriolis effect．
译：这个力量来自地球的自转风，将北半球向右偏和南半球向左偏的力叫做地转偏向力。
disrupt ①n.破裂，分裂②v.使击穿，打断
diurnal ①a.每天一次的，每日的，周日的②a.昼间的，白天的
eg．When there are small differences between the heights of two successive high tides or two successive low tides，the tides are called semi-diurnal．
译： 当相邻两个高潮或相邻两个低潮之间的潮差很小时，称半日潮。 dominant ①a.占优势的，统治的，支配的②a.显著的，突出的 density current 密度流，异重流 designated area 指定区域