题有如下特点:
知识点涉及面广;
动词(短语)的考查是主旋律; 知识考点语境化; 不谋而合的相同考点; 承传“旧”题谱新篇。 1. 知识点涉及面广
表1
从以上两个表格不难看出,19份试题的单项选择题对中学阶段要求学生掌握的语法项目都有较完整的覆盖面,而且试题对知识点的考查很细。这就要求考生在复习备考中应注意把握词汇的基本用法和基本句法知识,不能有遗漏现象,不能有侥幸心理,不能顾此失彼。 2. 动词(短语)的考查是主旋律
语言学习中对动词的掌握和运用,决定了以动词为中心的语言点往往属于语法和词汇知识的侧重考查范围。近年来的高考英语试题中,动词(短语)的考查依然是各地高考试卷中的考查热点。
由表1看出,全国各地英语试卷的单项选择(语法和词汇知识)题中,动词(短语)的考查主要体现在时态语态、非谓语动词和动词(短语)的区别三方面。
(1)在19份试题的285道的单项选择题中,时态语态的考查共有35道题,约占总题量的10%。考查最为密集的时态是一般过去时,现在完成(进行)时、过去完成(进行)时和过去进行时三个时态。
(2)对非谓语动词考查密度很大,平均每份试卷就占2道题。非谓语动词的三大分类(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)均出现了较频繁的考查,体现最明显的是动词不定式,几乎在近十套试卷里出现,而相对数量少的一类是过去分词。
(3)在动词词义区别方面,去年高考试题的单项选择题中所出现的是对一些较为常用但区别又很微妙的动词。比如:全国卷I要求考生区别reach, miss, lose及catch在具体语境中的用法,同样,要求考生根据语境对damage, hurt, hit及 strike这几个表“破坏”意思的词进行选择;全国卷II要求区别forbid, allow, follow及ask几个词。其它的如:要求对load, hold, fill及support进行区别(天津卷);要求对come、grow、go、get(广东卷),make、turn、grow、get(山东卷),go、tell、write、say(浙江卷)和leave、 remain、delay、desert(安徽卷),vary、decorate、form、describe(上海卷),relieve、reflect、respond、recover(上海卷)等常用的词在一个特定语言环境中的恰当运用;要求对grow, develop, increase及raise等词进行细微区别(湖北卷),等等。
在动词短语方面,在全国各地高考试卷中出现的短语累计共有26道题。考查的形式有:
(1)区别四个不同的短语,如重庆卷的get along, come on, watch out及set off、天津卷的refer to, speak of, focus on 及come to 、浙江卷的look up, take down, work out及bring out、湖北卷的see through, work out, look into, watch over和turn up, go back, die down, blow out、安徽卷的come down, take down, turn over, go over、四川卷的get down, get through, give in, give away等,这些题都要求考生在具体语境中选用恰当的短语。
(2)区别由同一个动词加上不同的介词或副词所构成的短语,如陕西卷,要求对turn构成的短语:turn to, turn on , turn off, turn over 进行精确运用;湖北卷要求区别come构成的固定短语:come up, come out, come about, come over和要求区别call on, call up, call for, call in;辽宁卷则对break构成的短语区别:break down, break up, break in和
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break out 等。
(3)区别由不同的动词加上相同的介词或副词所构成的短语,如广东卷对break out, get out, put out , come out 细微区别;江西卷要求就turn up, make up ,fix up, set up 四短语进行细微区别;山东卷对take up, save up, keep up, draw up 进行区别;福建卷对pick out, make out, pick up及make up区别。
总之,动词(短语)的考查在去年的高考试卷中占的比重很大,但试题的难度不算太大,不管怎么说,动词以及动词短语的考查在今年的高考中还会占很大的比重这一点是不容置疑的,所以动词以及动词短语依然应该成为考生在最后阶段复习备考的重点之一。 3. 知识考点语境化
虽然单项选择题的重点在于考查语法和词汇知识,但每份试卷都能做到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》所要求的“从语言运用的角度出发,把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来”,注重基础和语言的实际运用,在语境中考查知识点,实现了知识与能力综合测试的目的。举例如下:
1. Finding information in today’s world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.(天津卷)
A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge
2.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.(湖北卷) A. strengths B. benefits
C. techniques D. values
这两道题考查语境条件下名词词语的辨析。
根据微型语境,天津题的空白处应填一个与easy相对应的词语,所以选challenge; 湖北题空白处所填之词应是weaknesses的反义词,故用strengths。
3. I ____ in London for many years,but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.(重庆卷) A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
4. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I __________to half a dozen other groups.(湖南卷)
A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given
根据重庆题的后半句(I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China)可得知,“在伦敦居住过多年”是过去所发生的动作,所以用lived填空。
湖南题中后置的定语从句中所表示的动作是在“I was giving a talk to a large group of people”之前,即“过去的过去”之动作,因此用had given。
5.—It’s been raining for a whole week. I think it’ll get fine soon.
— . We are getting into the rainy season now.(安徽卷)
A.Yes, it will B.Of course not C.It’s possible D.It’s hard to say 6. —Andrew won’t like it, you know.
— ? I don’t care what Andrew thinks!(广东卷)
A. So what B. So where C. So why D. So how 这两道题考查交际用语。
安徽题中,第一个人认为it’ll get fine soon,第二个人不太同意这个看法,其理由是:We are getting into the rainy season now,所以选择D而不选择B(其语气太绝对)。
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广东题中 A告诉B说Andrew不喜欢某物,B回答说“我才不在乎Andrew的看法如何”。根据I don’t care what Andrew thinks一句,空白处用“So what(那又怎么样)?”填空。 4. 不谋而合的相同考点
在19份试题的285道左右的单项选择题中,有部分试题所测试的知识点几乎是相同的。现摘取几例如下: 7.A man cannot smile like a child, _______ a child smiles with its eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.(湖南卷)
A. so B. but C. and D. for 8.He found it increasingly difficult to read, _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.(北京卷) A. and
B. for C. but D. or
除了更多的用作介词外,for也可以用作连词,意为“因为”。如此用法的for用于书面语较多,一般和前面的主语部分用逗号或分号隔开。它引导的分句对前面的分句加以解释;有时它引起的分句并不表示原因,而是后来发生的情况,从它可以推断出前面说的情况。
9.See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.(全国I卷)
A. when B. which C. where D. what 10. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(辽宁卷)
A. What
B. Who
C. Whatever
D. Whoever
11.—Could you do me a favour?
—It depends on ______ it is.(北京卷) A. which
B. whichever
C. what D. whatever
这三道题都考查了what引导名词从句的用法(分别引导表语从句、主语从句和宾语从句)。what引导名词从句时,其含义相当于the thing(s) that。whatever引导名词从句时,其含义为anything or everything that。 12.This new model of car is so expensive that it is _______ the reach of those with average income.(江苏卷) A. over
B. within
C. beyond D. below
13.—Can he take charge of the computer company? —I’m afraid it’s ____ his ability.(四川卷)
A. beyond B. within C. of D. to
14.Sorry. Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ______ the visiting hours.(福建卷) A. during B. at C. beyond D. before 15.It’s quite me why such things have been allowed to happen.(安徽卷)
A.for B.behind C.against D.beyond
作为介词,beyond可指范围,意为“在 / 向?那边,超过”(at / to / on the further side of)、“除去”(except),也可指时间,意为“到?以后”[(of time)later than],还可以用于比喻,意为“超出,为?所力不及”(surpassing, exceeding, out of reach of)。 4. 承传“旧”题谱新篇
在单项选择题中,有不少题目与往年的高考试题还有着一定的联系,有的甚至可以从往年的高考试题中找到“原型”。举例如下:
16.I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(山东卷)
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A. that B. it C. this D. you I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998年) A. it B. that C. these D. them
I would appreciate it _____ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.(2003年上海春) A.until B.if C.when D.that
it用在hate, dislike, like, love, enjoy, appreciate等动词后,充当形式宾语, 后接一个从句,且从句前不用补足语。“I hate (like, enjoy, love) + it + when从句”表示“我不喜欢/喜欢…”;“I appreciate + it + if从句”表示“我很感激…”。 17.He hurried to the booking office only______ that all the tickets had been sold out.(陕西卷)
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
The news reporters hurried to the airport, only________ the film stars had left.(2004年福建卷) A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told
He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.(2005年广东卷)
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
“only + 不定式结构” 作状语是一种惯用法,表示意外的或不想出现的结果。
18.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students __ Chinese in the school, most __ were from Germany.(辽宁卷)
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 19.I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed.(浙江卷) A. of that
B. of which C. that
D. which
这两道题考查“of + whom / which”引导定语从句的用法。以上两题和2005年全国II卷第24题测试的知识点相同。
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad.(2004年辽宁卷)
A.of which
B.which of
C.of them
D.of that
I have many friends, ____ some are businessmen.(2005年全国II卷)
A. of them B. from which C. of them D. of whom “of + whom / which”引导的定语从句,常用来补充说明先行词中某部分的情况,也可以表示所属关系。解题时一定要注意准确判断先行词,搞清楚句中空白部分和先行词的关系才能确定答案。
高考试题中的“承传旧题”现象告诉我们:在复习备考中,对往年的高考试题 (尤其是近几年的全国卷和部分省市单独命题的试题) 中所涉及的常见考点要给予特别注意,谁知道今年的新题会承传哪一年哪个省的旧题呢! ◇◇单项填空干扰项设计
接下来,一起来看看单选题的干扰项是如何设计的,了解干扰项的设计规律有助于我们练就一双“火眼金睛”迅速排除干扰,选出正确答案。 干扰设计之一:利用思维定势
利用思维定势的影响来设题,这是最容易让考生上当的题。因为考生背记了许多语法规则和词的固定搭配,做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则和局部固定搭配,往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思的情况下就作出了选择,结果当然出错。 例如:
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1. Which do you enjoy_______ your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park? A. spending B. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent
(同学们对于enjoy后接-ing动词记得很熟,已成定势,所以会不假思索选A, 而实际上此句enjoy的宾语是which, 空白处应填入一个表示目的不定式,故正确选项应为B。) 2. —English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
—Yes, _______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
(动词放在句首常见形式不是分词就是不定式,同学们很可能因为这定势思维选B或C, 其实正确选项是A, Do sth. and you will…也是一个常见句型。)
3. The day we had been looking forward to ___ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. to come
(looking forward to sth /doing sth.也同学们记得很牢的一个固定搭配,故会不加思索选A,其实空白处缺少的是谓语动词,应填B。此句可译为:我们一直盼望的那一天终于到来了!) 干扰之二:利用汉英差异
英汉在表达习惯,思维方式等方面具有很多不同,命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的―参加‖在许多情况下都适用,如参加会议,参加考试,参军等,而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词,如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion。 例如:
1. —It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now. —OK. ______.
A.Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you (按照中国人习惯,同学们可能要选B或C,而正确选项是D。) 2.Mr. Smith used to smoke______ but he has given it up.
A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly (按照汉语习惯,同学们可能要选A或C,而正确选项是B。) 4. —What’s made Tommy so upset?
—I believe ____the game. It shocked him so much.
A. for losing B. lost C. losing D. because of losing
(按照汉语习惯,同学们可能要选A或D,而正确选项是:C,因为what是对主语提问。回答部分也应该是名词性短语losing the game。 ) 干扰之三:利用题干惯性
此种类型的题多以对话形式出现,学生答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项,结果造成错选。 例如:
1. Few pleasures can equal __ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those
(此句的意思比较清楚: “没有什么快乐能比得上在大热天里喝上一杯冷饮那么惬意”,但同学们在选答时却往往
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