administer v. 施加，控制 severity n. 严重性
writhe v. 因剧痛而蠕动，扭动身体 assortment n. 混杂物，混杂体
successive adj. 相继的，接二连三的 statement n. 言语，措辞 expletive n. 污言秽语，咒语 denounce v. 谴责，指责 experimenter n. 试验者
C段
unfold v. 展开
deliberately adv. 故意地 pose v. 带来，提出 thereby adv. 因而，因此 bring on 带来
balk v. 犹豫，畏缩不前
question v. 质疑 complaint n. 抱怨 reluctant adj. 不情愿的
for the sake of 看在??的情面上，为了?? moral adj. 道德的
revulsion n. 厌恶，强烈的反感 D段
prior to 在??之前 psychiatrist n. 精神科医生 population n. 人群，人口
virtually adv. 几乎 anticipate v. 预测
lunatic adj.疯狂的，疯癫的 call for 要求 as per 按照，根据
overwhelming adj. 绝大多数的，程度很深的 fringe n. 边缘，外围
consensus n. 共识，共同的看法 E段
repetition n. 重复
obedient adj. 服从的，遵从的 account for 解释，占 discrepancy n. 差异 rational adj. 合理的，理性的
knowledgeable adj. 有学识的 comfort n. 帮助，支持，安慰 pressured adj.承受着压力的 fluster v. 使不安，使紧张，使困惑 cooperative adj. 合作的，配合的 F段
inclination n. 倾向 built-in adj.内部的 aggression n. 侵略，侵犯
hard-core adj.特别坚定的，中坚的，死硬的，顽固不化的
pent-up adj. 被抑制的，不能自由表达的 primal adj.原始的，主要的
genetic adj.基因的，本能的 discharge v. 放电，释放 go so far as to…以至于 evolve v. 演变，进化 advantageous adj.有优势的 trait n. 特性，特征 survival value 生存上的价值
sociobiologist n. 社会生物学家 ancestor n. 祖先 hardship n. 艰难困苦 ultimately adv. 最终 make-up n. 组成，构成 remnant n. 残余物，剩余的东西 G段
alternative n. 二者择一，可选择的办法 adj. 另类的，另外的 useful adj. 有用的 legitimacy
notion n. 提法，说法，观点 context n. 背景，上下文 benevolent adj.仁慈的
n. 合法性，合理性 evoke v. 引发，引起 isolation n. 孤立，隔离 setting n. 条件，环境，设置 H段
merge v. 合并，混合
unique adj.独一无二的，独特的 personality n. 个性，人性
individual adj. 个人的，单独的 property n. 财产，特性 loyalty n. 忠诚
institutional adj.制度上的，公共机构的 self-sacrifice n. 自我牺牲 structure n. 结构 surrender v. 投降，放弃
discipline n. 自制，约束，科目，纪律 malevolent adj. 恶毒的，狠毒的 I段
forgo v. 放弃
hard-wired adj. 密切相关的，硬接线的，硬连线的 sort out 找出，查明
polar adj. 截然对立的，极地的 plausible adj.合理的，能说会道的 in essence 实质上，本质上 elucidate v. 阐明，说明，解释
dictate v. 控制，指挥，听写 bias v. 使有偏见 n. 偏见 interaction n. 交互作用，影响
佳句赏析
1．Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.
参考译文：Milgram让这些扮演教师角色的试验对象不要理会学生的反应，按照控制试验条件的规则，不管电压多高都要直接施加。 语言点： as per:
①as per sth. ＝according to sth. 是一种非常正式的用法
The work was carried out as per your instructions. 工作正在按照您的指示进行。 ②as per usual／normal<口>像往常一样
Susan was late, as per usual. 像往常一样，苏珊迟到了。
2．A modern hard-core sociologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.
参考译文：典型的现代社会生物学家甚至会称这种侵略性的本能是作为一种优势特征进化而来的，当我们的祖先在岩洞中和平原上与艰苦的生活作斗争时，这种本能对他们生存起到了重要的作用。因此，这种本能最终作为远古时人类动物行为的遗留产物融入到我们的基因当中。
语言点：主句是A modern hard-core sociologist might even go so far as to claim that 引导宾语从句，having been of survival value和finding its way 相当于advantageous trait的定语，可以被替换成which has been of survival value 和which has found its way。 1) go so far as to:〈口〉to do or say sth. extreme
① The government went so far as to try to arrest opposition leaders. (1)政府甚至要逮捕反对派领袖。
② I wouldn?t go so far as to say that we agreed on the subject. 我甚至认为我们在这个问题上根本没有达成共识。 2) be of great / little value:
His research has been of little pracitical value. 他的研究没有什么实用价值。
① worth a lot of money:
The theieves took nothing of value. 小偷没拿走什么值钱的东西。 ② useful:
I hope this book will be of value to both teachers and students. 我希望这本书对老师和学生都很有帮助。 试题解析 Questions 14 — 19 ●题型：Matching ●题目解析： 题号 定位词 文章对应点 F段： …and that Milgram?s teacher-subjects were just / following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. A段： Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer “teacher-subject” that the experiment was in the noble cause of education. B段： The supposed “pupil” was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by… D段： The phychiatrists felt that “most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts” and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. TIPS：首先可以根据statistical一词找数据及百分比较多的段落，然后再大致浏览，判断是预期的结果还是真实结果。 14 biological explanation teacher-subject 15 explanation / for the experiment 16 identity / pupil 17 expected / statistical
题号 定位词 文章对应点 I段： This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming… 18 general aim / sociobiological study 19 persuaded / continue C段： Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment, …, “You have no other choice. You must go on. ” TIPS:
这是一道典型的段落搭配相关信息型MATCHING题目。有效的解题方法是： 浏览所有信息，找出关键字。 精读各段首末句，泛读其他语句。 对应相关信息。
建议各位考生先做完这类题目，再完成其他题目。 Questions 20 — 22 ●题型：Matching ●题目解析： 题号 定位词 文章对应点 题目：扮演教师的试验对象被告知他们在检验 A 450伏电压是否危险 B惩罚是否有助于学习 C学生是否诚实 D他们是否能胜任教学工作文中对应A段： Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer “teacher-subject” that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils? ability to learn. 正确答案：B 20 teacher-subjects were told… 题号 定位词 文章对应点 题目：扮演教师的试验对象被指示 A学生一求饶就停止 B责骂犯错的学生 C得到正确答案后就降低电击强度 D根据规则施加惩罚 文中对应B段： Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the 21 instructed to…