A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristics 7. By signing the lease we made a ________ to pay a rent of $ 150 a week.
A) conception B) commission C) commitment D) confinement
8. Hurricanes are killer winds, and their __________ power lies in the physical damage they can do.
A) cumulative B) destructive C) turbulent D) prevalent
9. Parents often faced the ________ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise
10.I‘m very sorry to have __________ you with so many questions on such an occasion.
A) interfered B) offended C) impressed D) bothered
11. They were ______ in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.
A) submerged B) drowned C) immersed D) dipped
12. Professor Taylor‘s talk has indicated that science has a very strong _________ on the
everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. A) motivation B) perspective C) impact D) impression 13. I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my _____ is perfect.
A) outlook B) vision C) horizon D) perspective 14. They stood gazing at the happy _______ of children playing in the park.
A) perspective B) view C) landscape D) scene
15 .These goods are ________ for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market.
A) completely B) essentially C) necessarily D) remarkably
16. He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in _______ with the Imperial Museum. A) collection B) connection C) collaboration D) combination
17. The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national ____________. A) engagement B) destiny C) capacity D) temperament 18. Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were ____________.
A) in no way B) on the contrary C) at a loss D) of no avail 19. That part of the city has long been ______ for its street violence.
A) notorious B) responsible C) historical D) illegal 20. What you have done is _______the doctor‘s orders.
A) attached to B) responsible to C) resistant to D) contrary to Key
1-10 BABCB ACBCD 11-20 CCBDB CDDAD
46
Unit 5
Cruelty
一、文化背景
1. W. Somerset Maugham, or Somerset Maugham (萨默塞特。毛姆) (1874---1965)
Somerset maugham was born of English parents in Paris, France, in 1874, and lived in France---speaking only French---until he lost both of his parents when he was 11 years old. As an orphan, he was brought back to England by an uncle and attended King‘s School in Canterbury. Maugham‘s boyhood was blighted by insecurities, including a stammer that forced him to withdraw from most social interaction---this was a central motivation for Maugham to become an observer of life, and an author. He later studied in Heidelberg, Germany, with a special emphasis on philosophy and literature, and it was during this period that he discovered the homosexual side of his personality, which became still a further source of anxiety and withdrawal.
Maugham was perhaps the most respected English author of the 20th century to achieve a major presence in films; not only were many of his novels, short stories, and plays adapted into movies, but Maugham had the distinction of being portrayed on screen twice by no less a figure than. As an English author, his novels and short stories are characterized by great narrative facility, simplicity of style, and a disillusioned and ironic point of view.
2. Ernest Miller Hemingway（厄内斯特。米勒。海明威）(1899—1961)
Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. After graduating from high school, he got a job at a paper called Kansas City Star. Hemingway continually tried to enter the military, but his messed up eye, hindered this task. Hemingway had managed to get a job driving an American Red Cross ambulance. During this expedition, he was injured and hospitalized. Hemingway had a crush for a particular nurse at that hospital, whose name was Agnes von Kurowsky. Hemingway continually proposed to her, and she continually denied. When Hemingway healed his injuries, he moved back to Michigan, and had wanted to write again. When he married Hadley Richardson he was working in France, as a foreign correspondent, for the Toronto Star.
In 1925, Hemingway wrote a book called In Our Time, which was marketed in New York. The next year he published a book called The Sun Also Rises, a novel where he had his first success. Hemingway, started writing short stories, among them was Men Without Women in 1927, and A Farewell to Arms in 1929. this story shows a love story within a wartime setting. Many people believe that Hemingway did his writing at this period of his life. He once confessed ―If I had not been hunting and
47
fishing, I would have probably been writing.‖
Following the war in Europe, Hemingway returned to his home in Cuba. In 1953, he received a Pulitzer Prize for his book The Old Man and the Sea.
As one critic put it ―Hemingway was a cheerful, irascible, by turns generous, and selfish, expansive and egocentric. Hemingway was hedonistic and dedicated, in love with life and yet by his own admission obsessed with death.‖ By 1960, Hemingway was driven out of Cuba and moved to Finca, and then he moved to a house in Ketchum, Idaho. Hemingway was suffering from severe depression, and anxiety attacks. He had gone to the Mayo clinic in Massachusetts, to receive electro-shock therapy, but it didn‘t work out for him at all. Later that same year, Hemingway died. He killed himself because of hid depression.
二、课文A重点词汇
1. deceptive: adj. 欺骗性的，骗人的，靠不住的，虚伪的 【例句】1) Appearances are deceptive. 人不可貌相。
2) The newspapers promised not to run deceptive ads in the future. 这些报纸承诺未来不会经营骗人的广告。
3) The company was charged with deceptive advertising for a number of products. 这家公司因为许多产品发布虚假广告受到指控。 【搭配】deceptive calm 具有欺骗性的冷静
【构词】deceive v. 欺骗; deceit n. 欺骗，诡计，虚伪; deception n. 欺骗，诡计 2. merchant: n. 商人，零售商
【例句】1) We don‘t like a merchant who does some cheating in the buying and selling of goods. 我们不喜欢在买卖商品中搞欺诈行为的商人。
2) The scrap merchant has a machine which crushes cars. 那个废品商有个压碎汽车的机器。
【搭配】play the merchant with sb. 哄骗某人，智胜某人；a fruit merchant 水果商；merchant ships 商船；merchantable adj. 适于销售的，有销路的；merchantlike adj. 象商人的
【构词】commerce 商业；merchandise 商品
3. definite: adj. 明确的；肯定的；意志坚强的；立场坚定的 【例句】
1) The eastern horizon was becoming more definite. 东方地平线看得越来越清晰了。
2) Let‘s fix a definite date for the next meeting. 我们定一下下次开会的确切日期吧。
3) I was wandering round the shop with no very definite aim. 我在商店到处逛，没有确定的目的。
【搭配】be definite about 对。。。。。。很肯定; definite behavior 果断的行为 4. wrinkle n. 皱纹；v. （使）起皱纹
【例句】1) My dress wrinkles easily. 我的衣服容易皱。
2) He wrinkled up his nose at the bad smell. 闻到臭气，他皱起了鼻子。
3) With the time gone, the skin round her eyes wrinkled when she smiled. 随着时
48
间的流逝，她一笑，眼角边上就起了皱纹。
【搭配】wrinkle (up) one‘s forehead 皱起额头；wrinkle with age 老得皮肤皱起 【构词】wrinkly adj. 有皱纹的，易生皱纹的
5. mild: adj. 温和的，温柔的，不严厉的；味道或气味不浓的；适度的，不含有害物质的
【例句】1) He has a very mild manner with children but is much harder on adults. 他对孩子态度非常温和，而对成人态度生硬得多。
2) He could not say no to many quests because he is a mild man. 因为他性格温和，对很多要求都不会说不。
3) The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。
【搭配】(as) mild as milk (as a lamb, as a dove, as May) 性情非常温和；a mild fever轻度发烧；mild climate温暖的气候；mild cheese清淡的奶酪 6. instinct: n. 本能，天性，直觉
【例句】1) Trust your instincts and do what you think is right. 相信你的直觉，按你自己认为对的去做。
2) Human behavior is mostly a product of learning whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on instinct. 人类的行为通常是后天学习的产物，而动物的行为则主要取决于本能。
3) Nothing can destroy the instinct to survive. 没有什么能消灭求生的本能。 【搭配】By instinct 出于本能; on instinct 凭直觉; have an instinct for 生来就有。。。。。。的本能
【构词】instinctive本能的；instinctively本能地 7. clap: v. 鼓掌，拍手；n. 鼓掌，霹雳声
【例句】1）Those who don‘t understand symphony don‘t know when to clap at a concert. 那些不懂交响乐的人在音乐会上不知何时鼓掌为好。
2) The teacher clapped her hands to attract the class‘s attention. 老师拍了拍手，以引起全班同学的注意。
3) Are you frightened of the claps of thunder? 你害怕雷声吗？
【搭配】clap eyes on看见；clap on很快地戴上；a clap of thunder雷鸣声 8. stroke: n. 中风；一次努力；击，敲；报时的钟声; v. 抚摸
【例句】1) We have lunch on the stroke of twelve every day. 我们每天12点准时吃午饭。
2) With one stroke of his ax, little George Washington had cut the cherry tree down. 小乔治。华盛顿一斧子就砍倒了这颗樱桃树。
3) I reached out and stroked the baby‘s cheek tenderly. 我伸出手轻轻抚摸了宝贝的面颊。
【搭配】stroke a cat‘s fur抚摸猫毛；stroke his beard捋胡子；at a/one stroke一笔，一举，一下子；a stroke of luck意外的好运；on/at the stroke准时，一分不差
9. transparent: adj. 透明的，显然的，明晰的
【例句】1) Glass is a transparent material. 玻璃是一种透明物。
2) The cup is made of transparent colored plastic. 这种杯子是由透明彩色塑料制成的。
49
【搭配】transparent lies明显的谎言; transparent sincerity无比的坦诚
【构词】transparently adv. 明亮地; appear（出现）---apparent（显然的）---transparent（透明的）
10. trim: adj. 整齐的，整洁的；vt. 整理，修整，装饰
【例句】1) My hair needs a trim. 我的头发需要修剪一下。 2) I found everything out of trim. 我发现一切都没有次序。 3) She trimmed the sleeves with lace. 她在袖口饰以花边。
【搭配】in fighting trim在备战状态中; in good (proper) trim准备好，整齐; in hunting trim穿着猎装; in sailing trim做好开船准备; into trim成适宜的状态; out of trim未准备妥当; trim in把。。。嵌入; trim oneself up打扮 11. pawn n. 典当，抵押；发出物，抵押物；（国际象棋中的）兵，卒；v. 典当，抵押；用。。。作担保（抵押）
【例句】He had to pawn his watch for food. 他只得把手表当掉去买食物。 【搭配】in pawn 抵押
【构词】pawnable adj. 典押的，典当的；pawnage n. 典押，典当物；pawner n. 交当人；pawnbroker 当铺老板；pawnbroking 典当业；pawnshop 当铺；pawnticket 当票
12. insane: a. 非常愚蠢的；毫无见识的；疯狂的 【例句】1) You must be insane to drive your car so fast. 他把车开得这么快，一定是疯了。
2) Your plan to walk through the desert on your own is quite insane. 你独自穿越沙漠的计划是十分愚蠢的。
3) Don‘t let such an insane person drive the car, or you‘ll regret it. 不要让这样一个精神错乱的人开车，否则你会后悔的。
【搭配】insane asylum疯人院；insane laugh疯笑；insane babbling疯言乱语 【构词】insanely adv. 疯狂地，狂暴地；insanity n. 疯狂，狂暴
13. trifle: n. 琐事，小事；a. 琐碎的，不重要的；浅薄的；vi. (~ with) 嘲笑 【例句】1) There was misunderstanding about a trifle; most of people think that it was really unimportant, but I still decided to resign. 在一件小事上有一点误解；大多数人都认为那件事微不足道，但我仍然决定辞职。
2) Never put the trivial above the important in doing everything. 无论做任何事情切不可本末倒置。
3) My daughter always wastes her money on trifles. 我女儿总是把钱浪费在琐事上。
【搭配】put the trivial above important轻重倒置；the trivial round日常生活事宜或职责；a trifle有点儿，稍微；stick at trifle顾虑细枝末节；trifle away浪费（时间、精力等）；trifle with不重视，玩弄，嘲弄
【辨析】trifle 微不足道的小事；event 通常指大事；affair 指的事务多为私事 14. candid adj. 坦诚的，率直的，忠实的
【例句】1) Mary is candid about her opinion. 玛丽对自己的意见从不讳言。 2) A successful leader should keep a liberal attitude and listen to candid advice that may be unpleasant to ear. 一个成功的领导者应当保持开明的态度，听取逆耳的忠言。
3) Let me be absolutely candid with you: your work is not good enough. 我绝对如
50