有很大的影响。 11. what is called 所谓的
【例句】What is called foolproof methods always fail. 所谓不会有差错的办法总是失败。
12. At any given time 在任何特定的时间
【例句】At any given time, people have only limited experience. 在任何特定的时间，人只有有限的经验。
13. be poised to (do) 做好准备随时（做…）
【例句】She has been poised to undertake the ordeal. 她已做好准备接受这场严酷的考验。
14. call for sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
【例句】members have called for the manager to hand in his resignation as soon as possible. 学员们都要求经理早日递交辞呈。 15. take control of 控制
【例句】The British government took complete control of Hong Kong before 1997. 1997年之前英国政府完全控制香港。 16. in unison 一致地，和谐地
【例句】Despite our differences, we have acted in unison in our outside dealings. 尽管我们之间有分歧，但我们一致对外。 17. as well 也，又
【例句】Frustration tried a man and makes him as well. 挫折既考验人，也造就人。 三、 课文A易混词【扩展】
1. decrease / diminish / reduce : decrease vi.,vt. 指不断地逐渐减少、减小、减弱，可用作名词，但较常用作不及物动词 The rainfall is decreasing. 雨量在减少。diminish diminished as the sun went down 太阳下山，就逐渐不热了。Time will never make our friendship diminish. 时间永远不会使我们的友情淡薄。Reduce 是最常用的，含义较广，指（人为的）数量上的减少，尺寸上的缩小，密度、范围的减少，职位、级别的降低，经济状况的恶化，速度的减慢等 to reduce household expenses 减少家庭开支 reduce labour force 减少劳动力
2. alter / change / convert : alter 指对事物的外观或用途部分做细小的修改，原来的性质和本质并未发生根本变化 alter the hemline of this skirt 修改这条裙子的下摆 alter the bookshop into a self-service grocery 把书店改成自助食品杂货店。change 是最常用的词，比alter使用更广泛，可指小的，也可指大的，表面上的或本质上的、数量上的或质量上的，还可指一事物代替另一事物。Alter the dress without changing its style. 改一改这件衣服，而不必改变它的样式。当change 指
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外貌、用途等方面发生改变时，可与alter通用 Her appearance has changed / altered a great deal. 她的容貌变了许多。Convert 指性质、本质上发生变化 convert defeat into victory 转败为胜 convert food into energy 把食物转化为能量 3. ability / capability / capacity : ability 常指人们做某种具体事情的能力，特别是经过学习而获得的实际本领，通常用于人，后面接不定式、in、at等。He has the ability to swim like a fish.他游泳游得非常好。Capability 指做某事的才干或本领，常与ability通用，但是更强调潜在的能力，可用于人或事物，后面接不定式或of等。He has the capability of solving practical problems. 他有解决实际问题的才能。Capacity 主要指接受、吸收或容纳的能力，可用于人或事物，后接for、of、不定式等。The theatre has a seating capacity of 400 people. 这个戏院可容纳400人。
四、 课文A语篇与难点 课文语篇 课文主题
The computer revolution is set to turn smart cars a reality. There‘re presently 500 million automobiles. Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. Smart cars that could eliminate most of some kinks of car accidents can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, refuse to start up, and alert the police if stolen. Starting at the centre divider for long is a grossly underestimated hazard. Getting stuck in traffic is most frustrating. Four atomic clocks vibrate at a precise frequency. Satellites send out a radio signal. Any delay can be converted into a distance. With the price of microchips dropping drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. Magellan Systems Corp. Manufacturing navigational systems say the commercial industry is poised to explode. Prototypes of such highways are being made to mount computer chips. The plan calls for computers to take complete control of driving. Cars will be bunched into groups. Telemetries may well be incorporated into one major highway. This could prove to decrease pollution, as well as an alternative to highway expansion. 课文结构
Part One Paras. 1-3 .New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.
Part Two Paras. 4-9. With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.
Part three Paras. 10-13. GPS and ―telematics‖ will make it possible to build smart
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highways, which will benefit us in more than one way. 课文重点、难点
1. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents id so vast that we don‘t even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore. 在汽车事故种死亡或严重受伤的人数太多，我们已经不屑在报纸上提及。 ⑴ people 后接限定性定于从句 ⑵ so…that 表示“如此……以致”
⑶ anymore 是adv. 一般只用于否定句或与含有否定意义的词连用，表示“不再”
2. Should you make a serous driving mistake (e.g. change lanes when then there is a car in your ―blind spot‖) the computer would sound an immediate warning. 如果你发生重大行车失误（如变道时有车辆在你的“盲点”内），计算机会立即发出报警。
⑴ 在这个句子中，运用了虚拟语气，并在从句中省略掉 if 把 should 提前，原句为“If you should make a serous driving mistake the computer would sound an immediate warning.”
3. The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divide for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard.
一连数小时注视着中央分道线这样一个单调、几乎能催眠的过程是被严重低估的威胁生命的重大隐患。
本句主语中心词process前面两个形容词做定语，后面还有介词of＋动名词短语作其定语，翻译时应按汉语的习惯均要翻译到中心词“过程”前面。另外，表语hazard 前面是一过去分词和一现在分词作定语。
4. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellite‘s signal can be converted into a distance.
由于光速为人所熟知，接受卫星信号时的任何时间迟缓都能折算除距离的远近。
⑴ since 在这儿表原因“既然”
⑵ convert…into…意为 (cause to ) change…into/to … 把……转化为…… 5. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States.
如果成功的话，到2020年，当微芯片的价格降到一片一美分以下时，远程消
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息技术就会应用在美国成千上万的公路上。
If successful 是if it is possible 的省略，相近词组有：if possible, if necessary, if time permitting, if asked etc. 另外，本句使用了虚拟语气“If successful, telematics could be adopted……” 句型结构
With the price of microchips dropping so drastically…
由with引导的独立结构放在句首，常表示原因或条件。例如：
With the whole class staring at him he felt more uneasy. 全班都盯着他，他更感到不自在了。
With the fields levels and irrigation channels controlling the volume of water, no such problem arose again. 土地平整了，有水渠控制水量，这样的问题就不会再发生了。 Should you make a serious driving mistake…
⑴ 这是一个表示将来情况的虚拟条件句（相当于If you should make a serious driving mistake…）,通常表示与事实相反的情况或实现可能性不大的情况。 ⑵ 具体结构为：条件从句中谓语用相当于过去式的形式，主句谓语用‖would + 动词原形‖。例如：
If I were you I‘d plant some trees round the house. 如果我是你，我就会在房子周围栽些树。
If I dyed my hair blue everyone would laugh at me. 如果我把头发染成蓝色，谁都会笑我。
⑶ 在主句中，，谓语有时也可以由might, could 构成。例如： If you tried again you might succeed. 如果再试一次，你可能会成功。
⑷ 在条件从句中有时还可以用“were + 动词不定式”或“should + 动词原形”这两种形式。主句的谓语有时可以用祈使语气或陈述语气。例如： If he were to resign, who would take his place? 要是他要辞职，谁来接替他？ If you should have any difficulty in getting the medicine, (you could) ring this number. 如果你找这种药由困难，（你可以）拨打这个电话。
If the toys should arrive in a damaged condition, please inform us at once. 如果这些玩具运到时有损坏，请立即通知我们。
⑸ 在某些条件从句（如包括were和should的从句）中，if有时可以省略，这时候语序需要改成倒装。课文中就是此种用法。例如：
Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him. 如果我处在你的位置，我会让他知道我对他的看法。
Should you require anything just give me a ring. 你要使需要什么就给我打电话。
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⑹ 从句有时候也可用if it were not for 这种句型，表示“若不是”。例如： You wouldn‘t be anywhere if it weren‘t for Ruth. 要不是露丝，你不会有任何成就。 五、 课文B重点、难点
1. at the start of 在…开始时： He is against our participation at the start of the project. 从这个计划一开始，他就反对我们参加。
2. in cooperation with 与…合作，与…协同：Italy produced The Emperor in cooperation with England and China. 《末代皇帝》这部影片时意大利、英国、中国三家联合摄制的。
3. by means of : by using (sth.) with the help of (sth.) 用，依据：The local army men helped the victims of the earthquake by means of donation at their command. 当地军人用捐款的方法尽可能帮助地震灾民。
4. Fuel consumption and pollution might be reduced by smoothing traffic flow and running vehicles close enough to each other to benefit from aerodynamic drafting. 车流畅通，相互紧随行使的车辆能利用前车的较小的空气阻力，这些都可能减少油耗和污染。
讲解：running vehicles close enough : 使车辆相互紧随行使，run在这里使及物动词，意为“使跑，使流动，使运行”
5. The capacity of a freeway vehicles lane might be doubled or tripled, making it possible to accommodate growing demands for travel without major new construction, or, equivalently, today‘s level of congestion might be reduced, enabling travelers to save time. 高速公路的车容量会增加一倍或两倍，使其不必大兴土木就能适应不断增长的行车需要，或者，同样重要的，目前交通拥堵的程度能得到缓解，使其行车者节省时间。
making it …construction 和 enabling …time: 现在分词短语作状语，是对上文的补充和说明。
6. There are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings. 这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的数据不够精确，但它们不需要特别的道路设施，只要将路面标志维护好就行了。 other than 除了…， 除…之外。
7. However, it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators, especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today. 然而，用不多久，其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向了市场，开始了批量生产。
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