兰州理工大学技术学院
毕 业 论 文
DEM的内插方法与精度评定
所属系别： 土木工程（测绘）系 专业班级： 10级测量<二>班 姓 名：
学 号： 10340211 指导老师： 完成日期：
摘 要
数字高程模型简称DEM , 它是对地形表面简单的、离散的数字表示模型, 通常所说的DEM 是指具有规则格网间距的高程数据集, 一般以栅格数据的形式表示。近年来, 空间数据基础设施的建设和“数字地球”战略的实施, 更加快了DEM 与地理信息系统、遥感等的一体化进程。内插是数字高程模型的核心问题, 它贯穿在DEM的生产、质量控制、精度评定和分析应用等各个环节。本文通过介绍DEM引出了数字高程模型内插方法研究分析的必要性。比较了各种DEM内插方法,并且说明了各种精度模型。最后通过两种不同的内插方法得出国家测绘局的规定的28个检查点的高程,并进行对比以达到对DEM内插精度的分析。数字高程模型(DEM)是基础测绘成果的数字化产品之一,在测绘、遥感、军事、工业等行业有广泛的应用。
关键词：数字高程模型（DEM）；精度评定；内插算法；格网；高程
Abstract
Digital elevation model abbreviation(DEM),It is for digital terrain surface simple and discrete model,The discrete element method (DEM) is a commonly referred to as the rules grid spacing of elevation data set,Generally in the form of raster data.In recent years,Spatial data infrastructure and the implementation of the strategy of \and the integration of geographical information system, remote sensing etc.Interpolation is the core of the digital elevation model,Interpolation is the core of the digital elevation model,It throughout the DEM precision production, quality control, evaluation and analysis of the application and so on each link.In this paper, by introducing the DEM raises the digital elevation model interpolation method is the necessity of research and analysis.Compared the various DEM interpolation method, and illustrates the various precision model.Finally, two kinds of different interpolation methods of the 28 checkpoint of the provisions of the state bureau of surveying and mapping elevation,And comparison analysis of the DEM interpolation accuracy in order to achieve.Digital elevation model (DEM) is one of the basic surveying and mapping results of digital products, in the surveying and mapping, remote sensing, military, industrial and other industries have a wide range of applications.
Keywords:Digital elevation model;Precision evaluation;Interpolation algorithm;Mesh;elevation
目录
第一章 绪论 ......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 论文研究的目的和意义 .......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 国内外研究现状及发展趋势 .................................................................................................... 6 第二章 DEM的介绍 ................................................................................................................................ 7
2.1 DEM的含义............................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 表示方法 ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.3 DEM数据获取和采样方法 ..................................................................................................... 8
2.4 DEM的表面建模 ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 DEM的分辨率........................................................................................................................... 9 2.6 DEM的用途............................................................................................................................... 9 第三章 数字高程模型（DEM)构建与应用 .......................................................................................... 10 一. 概述 ............................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 数字高程模型的特点 .............................................................................................................. 10 3.2 数字高程模型的构建 ............................................................................................................ 11 3.3 数字高程模型的建立方法 .................................................................................................... 11 第四章 数字高程模型的内插方法 .................................................................................................... 12
4.1、 DEM 的内插方法 ................................................................................................................ 12
4.1.1 整体内插 .................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.2 分块内插 .................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.3 逐点内插 .................................................................................................................... 12 4.2、DEM内插算法......................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.1有限元法内插 ............................................................................................................... 13 4.2.2断面法内插 ................................................................................................................... 13 4.2.3最大坡度法内插 ........................................................................................................... 13
第五章 DEM的精度评定................................................................................................................... 14
5.1. 数字高程内插精度的模型 ................................................................................................ 14 5.2、 DEM 内插精度分析实例 .................................................................................................... 16 表六 两种高程内插精度的比较 .......................................................................................................... 24 第六章 DEM的应用 .............................................................................................................................. 25
6.1 商业应用 ................................................................................................................................. 25
6.1.1 数字高程模型在公路勘测设计中的应用 .................................................................. 25 6.1.2数字高程模型在路线CAD系统中的应用 ................................................................... 25 6.1.3 三维可视化设计 .......................................................................................................... 26 6.2工业工程应用........................................................................................................................... 26
6.2.1防洪抗灾....................................................................................................................... 26 6.2.2 等高线的绘制 .............................................................................................................. 26 6.2.3 立体透视图 .................................................................................................................. 26 6.2.4正射影像制作 ............................................................................................................... 27 6.3其它应用 .................................................................................................................................. 27 致谢 ......................................................................................................................................................... 29
参考文献 ................................................................................................................................................. 30