Ann Bancroft, Explorer:
\ask us, what is there left to explore? There's certainly you to explore, you know, internally, and the trips draw out new things in you as an individual. You never know how you're going to be in your moment of truth.\
Prior to leaving for Antarctica, the two women undertook a demanding training schedule. They practiced skiing down roads, pulling tires behind them. The hardships got worse when they arrived in Antarctica. There were very strong, sometimes unpredictable winds of up to 160 kilometers an hour. And, of course, it was extremely cold. Sometimes they had to use their food to warm their fingers, to get the blood moving again. During their adventure, Liv and Ann shared their story with people from 150 countries through an online journal. Ann Bancroft:
\not just remarking on what we're doing. What we ended up getting were other people's dreams.\
The Internet site enabled the two women not only to share their own adventures but also to relate to other people's experiences in different parts of the world. Liv Arnesen, Explorer:
\
\anything alone, those kinds of themes.\ Narrator:
Despite their remote location, the women still felt connected with people around the planet. Liv and Ann are now planning their next adventures. Their next goal is to travel to the other end of the world -- and to become the first women in history to cross the Arctic Ocean.
Writing
Answer Key
A. Refer to summaries of each lesson in this unit.
B. Throughout human history, the voyages of discovery were undertaken by many famous explorers. This unit gives us insight into the life experience of great explorers such as Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta. Setting out in very small, slow ships on an angry, unknown ocean, their endeavors seemed to straddle the line between bravery and foolishness. However, on second thought, no one can deny the fact that they did introduce foreign cultures and ideas to their own people and leave a great deal of invaluable cultural heritage to future generations. Going into the unknown is invariably frightening, but only through adventures can we challenge human limitations and make significant discoveries.
Unit 9 Traditions and Rituals Warming Up Answer Key
Answers will vary, but ask students to provide reasons for their choice to show that they have properly considered the questions.
Listening
9A A Sporting Ritual Answer Key
Before You Listen
A. From top to bottom: 4, 1, 3, 2 B. Answers will vary. Listening Comprehension A. 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. b B. 1. b 2. e 3. d 4. a 5. c After You Listen
A. 1. The origin 2. than recorded history 3. look like the sumo we know today 4. kept a strong grip 5. travel in and out of Japan was very restricted 6. opened up 7. take its first step toward internationalization 8. wear western style clothes 9. had a sense of shame 10. keep the traditional clothes of sumo unchanged B. 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. a C. 1. Answers will vary. 2. a. Tell students they may answer the question based their understanding of the listening passage. b. Answers will vary, but they should be based on the students' own experiences. Script
A Sporting Ritual
The two wrestlers take some time to stare each other down. Then, suddenly, they spring forward and impact with great force in the middle of the ring. Slapping, pushing, tripping, gripping the belt, and throwing the other wrestler are all allowed, but punching and kicking are not. The first person to be knocked down or pushed out of the ring loses. The entire match usually lasts less than a minute.
The sport of sumo is Japan's traditional style of wrestling, and it is one of the oldest organized sports on earth. Sumo matches were taking place in the seventh century A.D. The basic elements of modern sumo began to fall into place in the 1680s, and the sport remains little changed since then.
Bigger Is Better
Sumo wrestlers are huge men by any standard. Their average weight is 160 kilos, and there is no weight restriction. The Hawaiian Salevaa Atisanoe, whose sumo name is Konishiki, weighed over 280 kilos when he was a successful wrestler. To achieve such impressive dimensions, sumo wrestlers eat large quantities of chankonabe, a Japanese stew whose ingredients include vegetables, chicken, fish, tofu, or beef. In the ring, they wear, without shame, little more than a traditional silk belt called a mawashi. Their hair is styled in a fashion popular with 17th-century samurai.
Ancient Traditions
Sumo matches are rich in tradition. The wrestling ring, called the dohyo, is exactly 4.55 meters across. Above it hangs a beautiful shrine roof that illustrates sumo's close association with Japan's Shinto religion. Wrestlers throw salt onto the ring before each match, a religious tradition believed to make the ground pure. Overseeing the fight is the gyoji, an official dressed in wonderful traditional clothes who closely watches and sometimes encourages the wrestlers. Foreigners in Sumo
As Japan becomes more internationalized, so too does the world of sumo. Wrestlers from Mongolia, Korea, Russia, the United States, Argentina, and other countries have taken their turn in the ring. It's not surprising that so many people are entering the sport, since professional sumo wrestlers enjoy many benefits. Top wrestlers are national heroes and can earn more than one million dollars annually; some have even married movie stars.
Foreign wrestlers once found it difficult to advance in sumo. Konishiki once complained to the press,\origin have become grand champions or yokozuna, the top level of sumo wrestler. Few other sports have been so successful at keeping their traditional roots while still appealing to a 21st-century audience. For this reason, the ancient and the modern will continue to meet in the sumo ring.
A. Multiple Choice. Question 1. According to the passage, when were the earliest sumo matches taking place? Question 2. Which of the following is NOT allowed in a sumo match? Question 3. Which of the following is true about the sumo wrestlers' weight? Question 4. Which of the following is NOT a sumo tradition? Question 5. How is the sumo world dealing with internationalization? Script
The origin of sumo in Japan is older than recorded history. It wasn't until the Edo Period of Japanese history (1603?867) that the sport began to look like the sumo we know today. During the Edo Period, the government kept a strong grip on the country, and travel in and out of Japan was very restricted. During the Meiji Period of Japanese history (1868?912), the country opened up and began to take its first step toward internationalization. Some people began to wear western style clothes and even had a sense of shame about Japanese-style clothes, but it was decided to keep the traditional clothes of sumo unchanged.
9B Marriage Traditions Before You Listen
A. Similarity: all are ceremonies marking a change of status, the participants wear special clothes, all of the brides have some covering in or on their hair; Difference: the colors of the clothes are different as are the specific rituals and traditions. B. b. A traditional wedding Listening Comprehension A. 1. d 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. c B. 1. b 2. e 3. d 4. a 5. c After You Listen
A. 1. live in simple, light tents that are arranged in camp 2. a special place in their camp is reserved for guests 3. the symbol of \ 4. demonstrates the constant notion 5. when young women have a chance to choose the man they will marry at a unique beauty contest 6. wrapped in attractive turbans 7. reunite to celebrate the past year's weddings of new couples
8. the new babies they have brought into the world B. 1. symbol 2. reserved 3. tent 4. wrap 5. wedding 6. reunited 7. demonstrate 8. camp
C. Answers will vary, but should be based on the students' understanding of the listening passage. Script
Bride of the Sahara
The Tuareg bride, Assalama, sits silently as female relatives and helpers make sure that every hair is perfect for the first day of her wedding celebration. Such attention is new for the bride, who is only 15 years old and who has spent most of her time tending her mother's goats and sheep. The Tuareg are nomads, and it was only by chance that she was reunited with her 25-year-old cousin Mohamed a month earlier. Just back from five years working in Libya, Mohamed spotted Assalama as she drew water from a well. \he says. Wasting no time, he asked for her hand, she accepted, their families approved, and wedding plans began.
Following Tuareg traditions, the marriage rite is performed at a nearby mosque in the presence of only the couple's parents. Assalama and Mohamed are absent. A few days later, the time for the celebration approaches, and guests begin to arrive. For a week, some 500 guests enjoy camel races, sing, and eat rice, dates, and roasted meat in tents under the Saharan stars.
Mohamed wears an indigo tagelmust, a cloth that wraps his head and face. The rich color, which rubs off onto the skin, earned these once fierce Saharan warriors the title \men of the desert.\and sun; it demonstrates respect and is thought to keep evil creatures known as jinns away, as is henna, a reddish-brown coloring used on Mohamed's feet. Henna is also a symbol of purity, and is reserved for a man's first marriage.
At the celebration, a tent called an ehan is prepared for Assalama and Mohamed. Women take down and put up the tent every day of the celebration, making it slightly larger each time to symbolize the progress of the celebration and of the couple's relationship. Assalama stays inside the tent during the whole celebration, only showing her face or speaking to Mohamed, her best friend, her mother, and one special helper. During the celebration, neither Assalama nor Mohamed is ever left alone for fear they might be harmed by jealous jinns.
As the celebration ends, the couple prepares to spend the first year of their marriage with Assalama's family. Mohamed will offer displays of respect to his in-laws, working hard to win their approval. Once he does that, he will take his bride back to his camp and start his nomad's caravan moving again. A. Multiple Choice. Question 1. What is the passage mainly about? Question 2. Which of the following is true about Assalama and Mohamed during their actual marriage ceremony? Question 3. In what situation would henna NOT be used on Mohamed's feet? Question 4. Why do women make the tent slightly larger each time? Question 5. What does Mohamed prepare to do as the celebration ends? Script
Like the Tuareg people, the Wodaabe are another nomadic African people who live in simple,
light tents that are arranged in camp which they move from place to place. The Wodaabe love having visitors, and a special place in their camp is reserved for guests. The Wodaabe use the symbol of \in the bush\to describe themselves. This image demonstrates the constant notion of the lives of the Wodaabe, never staying in one place. The two most important Wodaabe celebrations have to do with love. The geerewol ceremony is a time when young women have a chance to choose the man they will marry at a unique beauty contest. Beauty is very important in Wodaabe society, and indeed they consider themselves to be the most beautiful people in the world. At the contest, Wodaabe men, their heads wrapped in attractive turbans, present themselves publicly, hoping to attract a woman to marry. At the yearly worso celebration, thousands of Wodaabe families reunite to celebrate the past year's weddings of new couples and the new babies they have brought into the world.
Viewing
Nubian Wedding Answer Key Before You View
A. 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b
B. Refer to Video Summary. Viewing Comprehension
A. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. F
B. Answers will vary. Sample answers: 1. an ancient word for gold; the gold mines for which the area was once famous 2. along the banks of the Nile River; southern Egypt and northern Sudan 3. electricity or means of transportation; their ancient lands were flooded when the Aswan dam was built
C. 1. seven days and night 2. the groom's bed taken outside to be perfumed; the groom perfumed 3. after midnight of the seventh night of the wedding 4. a sword and whip in hands, with neighbors after him, singing religious songs 5. spend all night dancing and singing After You View
A. 1. scent 2. nationality 3. decorative 4. celebratory 5. perfume(d) 6. endanger
B. 1. Answers will vary. 2. Answers will vary, but must be based on the fact or facts. Script
Nubian Wedding
It is modern, yet has its origin in the past, the Nubian wedding ritual, celebrated by the entire village for seven days and nights. The air is perfumed by incense and filled with the sound of drums and joyful Nubian songs.
Two years ago, Sheriff's family told him it was time to get married. So he visited every home in the village, looking for the right girl. Then he saw Abeer, and he ran home to tell his mother he had found his bride. The two young people were not reunited until just before their Muslim