17.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main 18.A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly 19.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game 20.A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement 21.A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success 22.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees 23.A.carefully B.eagerly C. nervously D.bravely 24.A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered 25.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan 26.A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct 27.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge 28.A.only B.well C.even D.soon 29.A.lost B.chose C.left D.quit 30.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues III. 阅读理解
（2015·浙江）If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ⅲ－designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect or life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth，is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.
We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures，we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.
31. According to the passage，human being ________. A. prefer to live in the darkness B. are used to living in the day light C. were curious about the midnight world D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon 32. What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A. The night. B. The moon. C. The sky. D. The planet. 33. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________. A. provide examples of animal protection B. show how light pollution affects animals C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined 34. It is implied in the last paragraph that ________. A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe 35. What might be the best title for the passage? A. The Magic Light. B. The Orange Haze.
C. The Disappearing Night. D. The Rhythms of Nature.
IV. 微写作 （2015·广东）
阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
On the first day of her work，Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. Six teachers had quit before her. When she walked into the classroom，it was chaos：two boys were fighting in the far corner，yet the rest of the class，seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about; paper，food packages and other garbage were littered around.... Just when she was about to speak，a student rushed in and pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!
Sally walked onto the platform，picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard：“Rule 1：We are family！” All students stopped to look at her. And she continued with Rule 2，Rule 3.... In the following weeks，Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
Surprisingly，Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead，she won respect from the students. Over the year，she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony，just as she expected，she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and confidence. [写作内容]
1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法，内容包括： (1)你们班最突出的问题是什么？ (2)针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规？ (3)你认为班规会带来什么影响？ [写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。
2. 作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
专题热点集训4 动词和动词词组(动词短语)
参考答案与解析
I. 单项填空
1. B 句意：如果你对自己的健康状况有怀疑，你最好立刻咨询你的医生。convince使某人相信；consult向……咨询；avoid避免；回避。根据句意应选B。
2.B句意：汤姆上周末不得不拒绝了去派对的邀请，因为他当时很忙。turn in上交；turn down拒绝；调低；turn over移交；上交，根据句意可知应选B。
3.D句意：学校应该是一个活跃的场所，在这里学生被鼓励发挥他们最大的潜能。A. 加速；B. 提高；C. 履行；D. 发展，发挥，结合句意选D。
4.B句意：这所大学开启了一些新的语言项目来为该国的丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A. 向??申请；B. 迎合； 提供饮食及服务；C. 呼吁，吸引；D. 寻找。结合句意选B。 5.C句意：整支球队都依靠罗纳尔多，他从不让他们失望。A. 服侍，焦急地等待；B. 集中于；C. 依赖，依靠；D. 呼吁。结合句意选C。
6.C 句意：研究表明左耳和右耳会产生不同的声音。A. 生产，制造；B. 发音；C. 产生；D. 下载。结合句意选C。
7.D 句意：肢体语言能够泄露你的心情，所以抱臂站着能够发出一种你正在被侵犯的信号。A. 把??收起来；B. 把??扔掉；C. 把??收起来；D. 泄露。结合句意选D。 8.B 句意：与直观的事实相比，我们对于刺激我们的感觉或者是吸引我们情感的事情有更好的记忆。A. 挡住光线；B. 吸引；C. 订阅；D. 偶然遇见。结合句意选B。
9.A 句意：如果钢比水重的话，为什么轮船会在水上漂浮着？A. 漂浮；B. 溺水；C. 缩水；D. 吐。结合句意选A。
10.D 句意：拉尔夫·W·爱默生总是把自己想到的一些新想法写下来。根据句意，这里用set down表示“写下，记下”。set off“出发；激起”；set about“开始(做)，着手(做)”；set up“建立；竖立”。 II. 完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一般来说，任何事情做久了都会让人产生厌倦。不论是工作中，还是在人们的日常生活中都会有这样的现象；厌倦心理也会出现在各个年龄段。
11. A 从文章开头的As a general rule可知这是一个通用的规则，因此“我们能够看到这样的一个原则”，所以上文中rule暗示了此处要用principle。
12. D 从13题前面的children are excited about可知此处说的孩子；20题前面的adolescents enter high school可知此处讲述的是青少年；21后面的young adults以及22题开始讲述退休人的情况，因此“我们可以看到这个规则在各个年龄段都起作用”，所以此处要用ages。 13. C 从该题后面的new toys可知孩子们是“玩耍”新的玩具，所以此处要用playing。 14. B 从下文each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest的暗示可知此处是说他们的“兴趣”减弱了，故此处要用interest。
15.A 这里的玩具就是原来孩子们非常感兴趣的玩具，所以此处要用same。
16.D 根据下面的unfinished model可以得知“模型没有完成”，因此与其并列的是“完成一半的集邮册”，所以此处要用half-filled。
17. B 从玩具到没有完成的模型还有完成一半的集邮册，这都是证明了“过去的兴趣”，也就是曾经那么感兴趣，而现在兴趣没有了，也就是passing。
18.C 从下面的Within a short time, however, the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents可知开始孩子是很“乐意为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发”，所以此处要用gladly。 19.B 孩子没有了兴趣，因此照顾宠物的“负担”就移交给父母了，所以此处要用burden。 20.D 根据13题前面的children are excited about的暗示，可以得知进入高中的青少年也是充满“兴奋”的，故此处要用excitement。
21.A 进入高中的青少年开始兴奋，从but的转折的暗示可以推知他们不就失去了兴趣而盼望“毕业”。
22.C 从21题后面的The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then可知此处是讲“成年人”的事情了，所以此处要用adults。
23. B 从后面的at a time when they first 24 their driver’s license(执照)？可以推知当人们初拿到驾照的时候是很“渴望”开车，故此处要用eagerly。 24.B 成人获得驾照，因此要用obtained。
25.D 退休前他们“打算”干很多事情，因此要用plan。
26.B 从28题后面的the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes可知这是他们退休后要干的“极好的事情”，所以此处要用great。
27.A 从前面的before they retire可知他们要干自己原来“没有时间干的事情”，所以此处要用time。