? Le r?le des mythes d’origine dans la représentations des ethnicités han et zhuang en Chine du Sud ?（中国南方汉族和壮族关于民族源流的神话对民族身份认同的作用）, Journal des Anthropologues, n°72-73, 1998, p. 81-92.
⑧ Pasquet, Sylvie 白丝薇 法国国家科研中心 研究员
工作地址 : CECMC, EHESS, 54 Bd. Raspail, 75006 Paris 电子邮件 ：pasquet.sylvie@wanadoo.fr
研究主题：中缅关系史；云南史；佤族史（16-19世纪）
第二部分：英语论文
I. Guizhou (1)
Landscape of travel: Tourism, media and identity in southwest China 旅行的风景：中国西南地区的旅游，媒体和身份认同（博士论文）
Chio, Jenny Treugen
摘要：In 2006, the Chinese state announced plans to \while the China National Tourism Administration launched the Year of Rural Tourism. This dissertation unravels the assumptions and expectations in this seemingly straightforward association between rural socio-economic development and rural tourism from the perspective of rural communities in Guangxi and Guizhou provinces. In my ethnographic account of the social changes and cultural politics at work in Ping'an and Upper Jidao villages, I analyze the changing subjectivities of village residents to argue that tourism as a practice allowed them to claim belonging in processes of national modernization, while reconfiguring the value of ethnic distinctiveness.
This study utilizes two intertwined concepts -- mobility and visuality -- to demonstrate how being mobile and being seen are integral to understanding the perils and possibilities latent in tourism. Through interviews with returned migrants, I show that mobility is morally ordered by
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expectations about who can, and cannot, travel. Moreover, because appearances were posited as central to tourism success, the onus of representation fell upon village residents to look, and by extension to be , rural and ethnic. To explore what I call the visual expediencies of tourism, I used video- recordings to elicit residents' opinions on what it means to \visual strategies employed in tourism--in architecture, costume, and vernacular landscapes like terraced fields--reflect the tensions between local and state approaches to ethnic difference, opportunity, and national unity.
Mobility and visuality shape a \between the visual sensuousness of landscape and the mobile sensibility of travel. This project contributes to the anthropology of tourism by highlighting the contested meanings of travel for those whose lives and livelihoods are most at stake in the tourism industries. I contend that tourism is made meaningful by village residents as a chance to transform their villages not only into better places to tour but, ideally, into better places to live. Their experiences thus extend beyond momentary encounters with tourists to encompass learning how to be distinctly modern as rural and ethnic subjects in contemporary China.
关键词：China; Tourism; Visuality; Mobility; Ethnicity; Rural Communities; Media; Identity 对象：广西、贵州两省少数民族乡村地区的旅游业。
方法：从实地走访Ping’an和Upper Jidao村时拍摄的录像及与村民访谈获得的素材中归纳出结论。
视角：社会经济学、民族学、人种学。 材料：田野调查的照片、录像、统计数据。
论点：作者深入桂、黔的乡村进行田野调查，了解“建设社会主义新农村”口号下少数民族乡村地区的旅游业现状，从人类学的视角分析了当地村民们正在转变中的观念，即他们认为旅游业是一种让他们参与国家现代化的途径，同时也重置了他们民族独特性的价值。同时，作者用移民与旅游及当地审美价值来解释发展旅游业中潜在的危机和机遇。令作者高兴的是旅游业不仅把当地变得更适宜旅游更适宜居住，也使当地学习怎样在当今中国保持特有的现代感。
意义：为在少数民族聚居的乡村如何发展旅游业提供参考。
II. Dong(3)
Al laox music tradition and community identity of Dong people---a case study of Xiao Huang village in Cong Jiang County of Gui Zhou province 侗族大歌音乐传统和侗族群体身份——贵州从江县小黄村个案研究
Yang Xiao
摘要：Al laox, is a kind of polyphonic folk song which are sung and widely practiced by parts of Dong people in southern China. As an indispensable component of the non-literary peasant society of Dong ethnic culture, Al
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laox music tradition has been systematically passed down, with full participation and ritualized performance in Dong people's daily life.
This dissertation aims to investigate the interaction between \laox music tradition and community identity of Dong People\how Dong people construct their identity with Al laox music tradition, on the other hand, it examines what exactly the Al laox music tradition is and what it means to native people. Thus, this bidirectional concerns not only respond to the general ethnomusicological issue of \culture shapes music\but also gives an interpretation of \
This dissertation has two methodological concerns: (1) a micro-ethnographical study of village social structure in relation to the Al laox music tradition, and (2) a survey of Al laox as a ritualized communal singing ritual. The former focuses on a typical Dong community as a locus to examine the operation of Gaolao music tradition, whereas the latter illustrates how Dong people construct distinct stratified identities through singing especially in three coorelative rituals. Specifically, this research takes Xiao Huang village in Congjiang county, Guizhou province and the relavant villages around as object and structures around three significant ritualized singing pattern, gabx gongx, xeegnl doul and weex yeek.
As a case study of \the common characteristic of Dong traditional music, sociological meaning of polyphonic folk song and contemporary transformation of traditional music etc.
关键词：Al laox Dong people community identity traditional music ethnic culture communal singing ritual
对象：侗族大歌 侗族身份认同
方法：通过大量田野作业和文本分析，分析大歌在侗族日常生活中的功能和对侗族群体群体身份构建的作用
视角：人类学田野调查、社会学、人种音乐学 材料：侗族大歌在小黄乡的流传情况
论点：作为传统仪式的大歌和侗族人身份认同之间的关系是双向影响、交互式的，侗族人通过大歌的三个仪式来完成社会阶层的划分
意义： 从音乐的角度切入社会学问题，并进一步指出侗族传统音乐的共性及其现代转型等问题以待后续研究
Fieldwork among the Dong national minority in Guizhou, China:
Practicalities, obstacles and challenges
在中国贵州侗族的田野调查：实用、障碍和挑战
Candice Cornet
摘要：The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is increasingly open to foreigners undertaking social science ?eldwork; yet obstacles remain. Working with ethnic minorities adds further complexities because of the sensitive topics such research may raise. Based on recent ?eldwork among the Dong in southeast Guizhou, as the ?rst foreign researcher to ask for and gain official permission to work in the region, this article exposes some of the challenges, both practical and methodological, of conducting research in the PRC. Gaining access to my ?eld site was a long trek through the hierarchic maze of Chinese administration. While re?ecting upon this process, I detail
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my negotiations with local authorities. I then examine how I found reliable statistical data, was able to access the voices of peasants, acted to protect the anonymity of dissident informants, and negotiated working with local research assistants once in the ?eld. These aspects, in turn, highlighted the importance of considering positionality in the ?eld. Although each person’s experiences and routes to ?eldwork are unique, there are recurrent issues that shape the research process in the PRC. I re?ect upon a number of these here, in the hope that this can smooth the way for future researchers.
关键词：?eldwork, national minorities (Dong) , People’s Republic of China, positionality 对象：中国贵州黔东南侗族的田野调查过程。
方法：通过作者田野调查的个案研究，分析中国对外国人来华进行社会学实地调查的行政管理理念，揭示出外国人研究少数民族的复杂性，并试图总结经验教训。
视角：社会学田野调查。
材料：作者（加拿大魁北克人）自身的田野调查经历。
论点：中国的行政管理犹如迷宫一般，对外国研究者所获得数据资料是否真实可靠等问题会有所阻碍，需要与地方当局进行谈判。
意义：通过个人经历和反思，指出研究过程中的敏感问题，给未来的研究人员在方式方法上提供指导。
What can a bridge be? The wind and rain bridges of the Dong
桥能为何物？侗族的风雨桥
Peter Blundell Jones, Xuemei Li
摘要：Bridges are taken for granted in the modern world as utilitarian structures and if
noticed at all are remarked upon mainly for the elegance of their engineering structures, but a mere couple of centuries ago many in Europe still had chapels in which prayers for a safe crossing could be said. In the Dong areas of south-west China, which remained remote until around two decades ago, the bridges are the principal monuments, elaborately roofed and decorated with shrines to various gods, built with pride and at great local cost. Our research began with the question of why so much trouble was taken over these bridges, and led on to how they were read by their users and builders, and what they were considered to mean. The consequent excursions into anthropological theory and traditional Chinese ideologies, which can only be briefly summarized in the following paper, revealed a rich and complex network of causes, fascinating in their multiplicity and interaction. The enquiry was pushed far beyond the bounds of traditional art history, engaging fundamental questions about the significance of architecture as a communicative and ritual medium in traditional oral-based cultures. At a more general level it also prompted a thought provoking exploration of the similarities and differences between bridges metaphorical and bridges physical.
关键词：风雨桥（wind and rain bridge）、中国西南部的侗族（Dong）、风水（Feng-shui）、道家思想（Daoism）
对象：中国西南部侗族聚居地的风雨桥及其象征意义
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方法：实地走访村寨考察风雨桥及其建筑思想和建筑方法，例举照片、图解 视角：建筑学、中国古代思想（风水等）、人类学
论点：风雨桥对侗族人而言不仅仅是实用建筑（Utilitarian structure），更是主要的具有纪念意义的仪式性建筑。当地人在建造风雨桥的时候颇为讲究，因为风雨桥被看作是灵魂回归之桥。桥及跨越桥都被当地侗族人赋予了象征性的意义。文中还介绍了鼓塔表明村寨标志的作用，类似于西方建筑中的钟楼。
意义：了解建筑作为沟通及仪式媒介对于以口头传播为基础的文化的意义。
III. Miao/Hmong(30)
A Language of Textiles:
Exploration of a Miao Jacket from Southwest China
服饰的语言：中国西南苗族衣饰探析
Lydia Fraser
摘要：In recent years, textiles of the Miao in Southwest China have become widely known and appreciated by many outside the region for their exuberant decorative qualities. Through
investigation of a single Miao textile in The Textile Museum’s collections, this brief article explores a deeper dialogue of cultural communication among the Miao that is embedded within textile itself. Consideration of the individual elements of this textile, a jacket, reveals interplay of cultural tradition and individual expression not readily apparent to the non-Miao viewer.
关键词：Miao Jacket, Language of Textiles, Dialogue of cultural communication, decoration pattern
对象：贵州苗族衣饰及纹样
方法：通过分析华盛顿纺织品博物馆藏的苗族服装的制作工艺、衣饰的纹样揭示苗族服饰的质地，工艺，纹样在文化交流和族群身份认同中的作用。
视角：博物馆研究法
材料：美国华盛顿纺织品博物馆馆藏的苗族服装
论点：苗人的服装制作工艺独特。 一、纺织工具为适应织物的需要而作。二、裁制作工艺独特，袖子无缝对接。三、纹饰制作工艺独特，色彩、盘绣、辫绣和亮片。四、纹饰的作用：族群间文化交流和族群认同的符号
意义：通过分析纹饰可以更好的理解苗族非书面形式的文化传递的语言。
China’s Bilingual Education Policy and Current Use of Miao in Schools
从苗文教学看少数民族双语政策
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