摘要：Focuses on the Hmong migration to the west and the use of video media to communicate their migrant subjectivities. Topics which most Hmong videos are concentering on; Description of the \Tom\series which is very popular among Hmong viewers; Difference between the sense of refugee-ness felt by Hmong males and Hmong females regarding their homelands in Asia.
对象：移民至美国的苗族
方法：归纳在美关于苗族的音像制品情况，并比较在美苗族男性与苗族女性对流亡的感觉差异。
视角：性别研究
材料：罗列出具代表性的二十世纪九十年代至二十一世纪初期的相关音像制品。 论点：媒体对于移民至美国的苗族体现其主体意识起到重要媒介作用。 意义：推进以媒体作为媒介的民族志研究。
Violence, Hmong American Visibility, and the Precariousness of Asian Race
暴力，美国苗族的能见度，和亚洲种族的不稳定
Louisa Schein and Va-Megn Thoj
摘要：This article assesses the representations of Asian Americans and violence in the American media. The authors focus on heavily publicized incidents involving Hmong and Korean Americans.
关键词：American literature; 1900-1999; Twentieth Century; Asian Americans; Violence 对象：媒体上涉及苗族和韩裔美国人大量宣传的故事。 方法：对两个谋杀故事的文本细读。 视角：文化研究、政治学、伦理学。
材料：美国主流媒体上对苗族暴力事件的报道。
论点：不能把在美国的持枪亚洲人的形象视为统一的危害。 意义：试图纠偏美国人对亚洲人尤其是苗族人的不良形象。
School racial composition and academic achievement:
The case of Hmong LEP students in the USA
学校的种族构成和学习成绩： 以美国英语学习能力有限的苗族学生为例
Moosung Lee and Na’im Madyun
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摘要：The existence of the achievement gap is more than just a black–white issue; contrary to stereotypes, it is a concern within Asian homes. Hmong students underachieve in comparison with many East Asian students. Traditional cultural practices and poverty have been identified as explanatory factors. Our data suggest that a more critical factor might be within-school segregation. Utilising a racial exposure statistic, it was found that the more diverse a school became, the higher the achievement of Hmong limited English proficient (LEP) students. This study provides theoretical explanations for this finding and implications for Hmong student achievement.
关键词：Hmong students; school racial composition; limited English proficiency
对象：美国学校的种族构成与英语学习能力有限（LEP）的苗族学生，以明尼苏达州圣保罗学校为例。
方法：结合种族构成和英语学习能力有限的苗族学生的文献资料，进行对比和数据分析，得出结论。
视角：教育学、文化研究。
材料：学校种族构成和苗族学生英语成绩的研究文献和调查数据。
论点：在美国，和许多东亚的学生相比，苗族学生的成绩较差。除了已经确定的传统文化习俗和贫穷的因素外，一个比较关键的因素可能是学校内的种族隔离。而在越多样化的学校，英语能力有限的苗族学生成绩越好。
意义：为影响苗族学生英语成绩的原因提供新的理论解释。
Speaking with Spirits
The Hmong Ntoo Xeeb New Year Ceremony
与神灵交谈：苗族新年仪式
Hao Huang
摘要：The Hmong Ntoo Xeeb ceremony described in this text was conducted by the elders of Ban Mae Sa Mai (Mae Sa Mai village), located in Tambol Pong Yareng, Mae Kim District, Thailand, approximately thirty kilometers north of Chiang Mai. The Ntoo Xeeb ceremony is a principal New Year's ritual in which all responsible male heads of housebolds in the village are expected to participate. This is a way of showing respect to all four benevolent spirits of the locality, with the Ntoo Xeeb spirit as the titular head, and to thank them for safeguarding the villagers over the past year. It constitutes one of the most sacred communal rituals undertaken by the villagers of Mae Sa Mai. This detailed description on the Ntoo Xeeb ceremony focuses on a particular ritual practice of the Hmong, and aims to encourage future scholarly inquiry about specifics of Hmong animist beliefs as manifested in ceremonial rituals. The article addresses lacunae in scholarly accounts of Hmong ceremonial ritual practices, which have led to confusion about particular aspects of Hmong shamanism.
关键词：Hmong—shamanism—New Year ritual ceremony—Miao—Meo 对象：泰国清迈市Mae Sa Mai村的苗族Ntoo Xeeb新年仪式。
方法：详细描述Ntoo Xeeb仪式的全过程，介绍苗族传统节日礼仪风俗，阐析苗族对于万物有灵的萨满教理念。
视角：人类学田野调查、民俗学。
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材料：实地观察苗族Ntoo Xeeb仪式的全过程记录。
论点：苗族相信万物有灵，他们认为祭祀Ntoo Xeeb为首的当地四个仁慈神灵的新年仪式是十分神圣的。这反映出苗族作为一个少数民族其民俗文化与中国汉族文化的联系与差异，表现在他们都用语言来确保与另一个世界（复杂的神灵世界）的有效沟通。
意义：鼓励未来在苗族相信万物有灵的仪式上的具体表现的学术调查，弥补对苗族萨满教的特定方面的学术空白。
The three eras of Hmong educational history in Laos: French colonial,
Laotian independence, and Usaid, 1917-1975. 老挝的苗族教育史上的三大时期：法国殖民，老挝独立，美国国际开发署（1917-1975）
Vue, Douglas Chuedoua
摘要：Attempting to write the early history of Hmong education, from 1917-1975, was crucial to research because a centralized document and scholarly written record of this type does not exist. This dissertation synthesized, documented, and reinterpreted the history of Hmong education from three major educational eras: The French colonial era (1917-1954), the Laotian independence era (1954-1959), and the USAID era and the Secret War period (1960-1975). The purpose of this dissertation was to gather relics from primary sources and to interview three former Hmong experts involved with the history of Hmong education in Laos. The primary instrument for collecting data was an informal interview, consisting of five categories in a questionnaire with 10 items in each category. The GATHER model, a qualitative research and historiography methodology developed by Anderson-Inman and Kessinger (2000), was employed to guide the data collection, analyses, and conclusions. The data were analyzed in a summative narrative format. The findings showed that within 58 years, these major historical eras transformed the Hmong agrarian society into a modern, 20[sup]th[/sup]-century society. Their success was impacted by European influences, Hmong leaders, and Hmong educators. The French came to colonize Laos and introduced modern education, created the Hmong Roman Popular Alphabet written language, and converted the Hmong to Christianity (D. Vue, 2004). The Laotian government granted the right to Hmong citizens and become a tax-free nation during the Laotian independence era (Lyfoung, 1996). The Americans brought modern technology, transportation, and civilization, which gave thousands of Hmong students the opportunity to attend school and study abroad. The Hmong became modern society in less than 15 years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
关键词：Hmong educational history; Laotian independence; interviews 对象：老挝的苗族教育史
方法：发放调查问卷，以统计学的方法分析在五十八年里，这三大主要历史时期苗族从农业社会到现代社会的转变。
视角：历史研究
材料：1917-1975年间法国殖民，老挝独立，美国国际开发署三时期的资料。 论点：这三大主要历史时期对苗族实现从农业社会到现代社会的转变意义重大。
意义：关于苗族教育早期历史的研究记录虽然关键却鲜有人从事，本文尝试填补这一空白。
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Tourism in Ethnic Communities: Two Miao Villages in China
民族居住地区的旅游业：中国的两个苗族村庄
Henderson, Joan/Teck, Goh Koon/Denyse Ng/Tan Si-Rong
摘要：The paper is concerned with the ways in which ethnic culture is presented and experienced by tourists with particular reference to two villages in China inhabited by members of the Miao minority group and popular with visitors. The study is based on qualitative and quantitative data derived from primary and secondary sources and findings reveal contrasts and similarities within and between destination residents and visitors regarding attitudes to tourism and its cultural impacts, especially in terms of authenticity. While the cases display unique features, their analysis affords more general insights into the characteristics of this particular form of heritage tourism and its consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
对象：中国的两个苗族村庄原住民和到此的旅游者
方法：以统计学的方法比较原住民和旅游者对旅游及其文化影响的态度异同。 视角：比较文学
材料：关于两个苗族村庄旅游业的，来自第一手和第二手资源的数据。 论点：原住民呈现民族文化和旅游者体验民族文化具有独特方式。 意义：本文揭示了民族居住地区旅游业的特点及其影响。
Cultural Accommodations in Southwest China
The “Han Miao” and Problems in the Ethnography of the Hmong
中国西南地区的文化栖息地---“汉苗”和苗族民族志中存在的问题
Nicholas Tapp
摘要: The Hmong of southern China define themselves as an ‘‘unmarked category” in relation to two significant others：the Chinese and the Yi. This paper, based on fieldwork in Sichuan examines some problems of Hmong ethnography, inquiring why color terms were used for some groups of Hmong, as well as subdivisions of them. An attempt is made to consider the Hmong not only in terms of their relationships with the Han, but also with the Yi. However the weight of historical evidence is against this；the Hmong were a very isolated group. Many Hmong subdivisions did arise through intermarriage with Chinese but, if culture is often transmitted maternally, how were Confucian values disseminated to minority populations through intermarriages with Chinese males? The official classification of Hmong (together with other groups) as‘Miao’posits a fierce opposition between “Han” and‘Miao’, yet the Hmong have stories of how Hmong and Han were originally two brothers worshipping at the same paternal grave, whose descendants lost touch with each other. This sort of “genealogical” model (variety out of unity) shows how idioms of patrilineality may overlap with diffusionist culturalist notions of assimilation to greater Chinese identity. The genealogical model contrasts with a more
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existentialist and constructivist model that emphasizes the way identity may emerge from, or be imposed on cultural differences. In fact both are mutually constitutive.
关键词：Hmong ?? Self ?? Mental health ?? Identity ?? Ritual ?? Moral agency 对象：老挝高地上苗族村落的仪式治疗
方法：通过分析作者亲身经历的田野个案，揭示苗族的仪式治疗与传统精神病治疗法的差异之处，阐析苗族对于人的心理健康和身份定位的文化理念。
视角：人类学田野调查、文化研究、精神病治疗法
材料：一个德国人类学家在老挝高地田野考察中亲身经历的仪式治疗 论点：苗人的心理健康和身份确认基于一个道德空间，其间，个人与一些“重要他者”(significant others)（包括亲戚、朋友、祖先和神灵等）保持着交流。这种理念与传统精神病治疗法（深受个人主义价值观的影响）的有关观念形成鲜明对比。
意义：在对老挝苗族移民运用精神病治疗法时，必须针对这一重大差异进行相应的调整。
IV. Yi(12)
A Tentative Discussion of Rank in the
Liangshan Yi Slave Society 关于凉山彝族奴隶社会等级的尝试性讨论
PAN WENCHAO
对象：凉山彝族奴隶社会
方法：辨析社会阶层（class）和等级（rank）的不同。 视角：社会学，人类学 材料：学界已存在的对凉山彝族奴隶社会的等级划分。
论点：在凉山彝族奴隶社会，社会阶层（class）和等级（rank）并非可以等同。 意义：分清被混淆的概念，更好地认识凉山彝族奴隶社会。
Seventh Sister and the Serpent——Narrative Poem of the Yi People
彝族传说《七姐和蛇》
Mark Bender
摘要：Seventh Sister and the Serpent belongs to the rich oral tradition of the Yi people of southwest China.
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