单 内匹判单 匹判术简 分
项选择
容配断项填题 填选空
空 择
配断语答题 填解题
空 释
析题
从该表可以看出,题型与能力层次非一一对等,同一题型可涉及不同能力层次,如单项选择、匹配题、判断填空三种题型。
2.试卷设计与分值配置。按题库设计标准,根据各章节的内容和知识点,每份试卷对各章都有一定的分值要求。其分值配置为:第一、二章占15%;第三、四章占20%;第五、六章占25%;第七、八章各占10%;第九章占15%;第十章占5%。分值的配置基本上能显示各章节的分量。前面已说过,每章都重要。这一点从分值的分配可以看出。当然,这种分值配置只是理想化的设计,具体操作上很难做到如此准确。一套试卷由7大题50小题组成。匹配题和判断题各10小题,每题1分;简答题3小题,每题4分;综合运用题2小题,每小题9分;其它每小题均为2分。
3.读书与做题。如前所述,要想学好词汇学,必须要有恒心和拼劲,下大气力学习教材,无捷径可走。但要提高考试成绩还是有方法的。譬如匹配题和判断题,如果不熟悉其形式和思路,尽管对考题所涉及的内容很熟悉,也不一定能做好题。现以2002年上半年全国自学英语词汇学试卷其中的两题为例:
Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to ①rhetorical features of idioms; ②sense relations; ③assimilation degree; ④ characteristics of the basic word stock; ⑤motivation? (10%) ABreiteration ( )A? high and low repetition ( )B? pick and choose
juxtaposition ( )C? face to face
perfect homonym( )D?Failure is the mother of success personification( )E? hiss ?
Study the following words and expressions and identify ①types of context; ②types of word formation; ③types of sense relations and meaning change ④rhetorical features of idioms? (10%)
1?making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words() 2?sitcom()
3?the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school() 4?from cradle to grave() 5?might and main() ??
这两道题看似简单,做起来却不容易。两道题有一个共同的特点,即涉及到不同章节的内容。前一题包括第九章、第六章、第一章、第五章的内容和知识。要做好题,必须知道英语习语的各种修辞特色;六种语义关系;两种同化程度;基本词汇的五大特征和四种理据。然后将两栏提供的语词进行比较,逐一分析,对号入座。答案是reiteration (B), repetition (C), juxtaposition (A), perfect homonym (E), personification (D)。其实,真正与题目有关的只是习语的修辞特色和词义的理据,其它都是干扰项。
比较而言,后一道题更难一些。该题要求考生根据所提供的例词和定义写出它们各自属于哪一类中的何种名称。如例1是第一类中的definition(定义), 例
2是第二类中的blending(拼缀法), 例3是第三类中的hyponymy(上下义关系), 例4是第四类中的synecdoche(提喻), 例5是第四类中的alliteration(押头韵),等等。
如果熟悉这些题型,并能模拟做一做,在阅读中能根据题型的要求去思考问题,做到有的放矢,效果肯定会更佳。这就是所谓的“巧干”。
4.术语英汉对照表的利用。教材后附有术语英汉对照表,主要目的是为了帮助阅读和理解。知道英语专业名称的汉语意思既可以加深记忆,也可以帮助理解。还有一个更重要的用途,往往不被大家注意。术语英汉对照表基本上囊括了教材中主要知识点。尤其是名词或名词词组,每一个都是一个知识点。学完教材后,不妨把这些专业术语作为一种自测手段。如按照字母顺序逐一复习。对每一个术语都想一想其概念、定义,试着用英语表述,并能回忆一两个例子(书中的例子)。如果忘了,再翻书复习。假如能按这种要求把所有的名词术语记住,基本上可以说把教材弄懂搞清楚了。
总而言之,英语词汇学是一门理论知识课程,涉及的内容丰富,知识点较多,学起来有一定难度。但只要同学们有决心,有恒心,敢于下工夫,在苦干的同时,加一些巧干,定能收到事半功倍的效果。
How to Study“English Lexicology”
Zhang Weiyou
(Central China Normal University Foreign Language Department, Hubei Wuhan430079)
Abstract:This article explains the nature of English Lexicology, discusses the arrangement of the contents of the course and the question of important and difficult points, elaborates on the four relationships between significant and general study areas, between memorization, comprehension and application, between reading and
doing exercises and between lexicology and linguistics, and highlights the points for attention in preparations for examinations in the hope of assisting students in obtaining desired results in the shortest possible time?
Key words: nature; arrangement of the contents; question of important and difficult points; Four relation; attention in preparations for examinations
本课程命题是以全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会制订的《英语词汇学自学考试大纲》和全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会主编的《英语词汇学》教程为依据,旨在考核应试者是否能识记有关的概念、定义、知识点,领会基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别,能运用本课程的基本理论、基本知识和方法,分析解决学习和工作中的实际问题,并能用英语正确地表述出来。
本课程试题分为较易、中等、较难、难四个等级,每份试卷中,四个等级所占比重分别为20%,30%,30%,20%。
试题包括选择题与非选择题,分别占卷面总分的30%和70%。题型采用单项选择题、教程内容填空题、匹配题、判断填空题、术语解释题、简答题和分析题。其中单项选择题占30%,教程内容填空题占10%,匹配题占10%、判断填空题占10%、术语解释题占10%、简答题占15%和分析题占15%。
本课程考试时间为150分钟。
题型举例如下: 英语词汇学 Time Limit: 150 min.
I. Directions: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket on your answer sheet. (30%)
1. The characteristics of the basic word stock include _________ .
A.stability B.productivity C.national characters D.all the above
II. Directions: Complete the following statements or paragraphs with proper expressions according to the course book on your answer sheet.(10%)
1.The relationship between sound and meaning is ________ or conventional.
III. Directions: Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B. and mark your answers on your answer sheet.(10%)
A B 1.extension A.deer 2.narrowing B.holiday 3.elevation C.villain 4. degradation D.minister
IV. Directions: Study the following words and decide:
(1) how words were formed (2) how words were changed in meaning . Put your answers in the bracket on your answer sheet. (10%)
Example One: disobey (prefixation) Example Two: deer (narrowing) V. Directions: Define the following terms.(10%)
1.word 2.stem VI. Directions: Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers on your answer sheet.(12%) 1. How do you distinguish English synonyms?
VII. Directions: Comment on the following sentences according to the instructions in the brackets. Write your answers on your answer sheet.(18%)
1.Trees surround the water near our summer place. (Comment on the sentence using the theory of hyponymy and then improve the sentence.)
全国高等教育自学考试英语专业《英语词汇学》课程考试命题实施意见
一.命题指导思想 本课程命题是以全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会制订的的《英语词汇学自学考试大纲》和全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会主编的《英语词汇学》教程为依据,旨指在考核应试者是否能识记有关的概念、定义、知识点,领会基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别,能运用本课程的基本理论、基本知识和方法,分析解决学习和工作中的实际问题,并能用英语正确地表述出来。
二.命题工作步骤 1.第一阶段(2000年1月18日—20日),命题教师学习、研究和分析本课程考试大纲的内容,以及大纲中规定的试题题型,讨论制订课程考试说明,并进行试命题和命题