孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
第四版修订说明：
这一版的主体来自于商学院零四级国经b班的前辈。在此感谢他们的努力。前人栽树后人乘凉，我们是站在在他们的肩膀上眺望。
在填空题的第6题 去掉后两个空的字母上的小尖。第16题希望补全 在判断题的 第49题，和第54题是T
在大题部分，我们修订了第21题，第29题，第38题。这些出自于老师课堂讲解的最新整理。
这里给出一个连线题的可能结果，供大家讨论。
(说明:在连线题的左边从上至下标1-10，右边标A-J) 1 answer: 2 answer:
a-5;b-6;c-7;d-1;e-2;f-3;g-4;h-10;i-9;j-8
国际经济学练习题参考答案
PART I
1 the gains from trade, the pattern of trade, protectionism 2 comparative advantage； economics of scale 3 the opportunity cost
4 aLC/aLW
7 resources can?t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another,
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孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
Industries differ in the factors of production they demand 8 relative abundance ；relative intensity 9 stolper-sammelson effect 10 Rybczynski effect
11 H-O proposition (I think the answer is stolper-sammelsom effect ,in the chapter4 §2.2)
12 Factor price equalization proposition
13 ⑴ both countries produce both goods ⑵technologies are the same ⑶There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers. 14 Leontief paradox 15 standard trade models
16 production possibilities preferences； 17 immiserizing growth (贫困化增长) 18 immiserizing growth
19 economic growth is strongly export-biased; the growing country is large enough to affect the world price; RS and RD must be very steep 20 Metzle paradox
21 economies of scale ; variety of products
22 specialized supplies ;labor market pooling ;knowledge spillovers(知
识溢出)
23 history and accident
24（对应39） economics of scale interact with comparative advantage 24 exports?importsI?1?
exports?imports
25 countries are similar in their relative factor supplies, scale economies and product differentiations are important 26 the infant industry argument
27 terms of trade gain, efficiency loss 28 trade politics
29 political success; national welfare
30 the term of trade argument for a tariff;the domestic market failure argument 31 Specific rule (对症规则)
32 First domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problems? sources; Second economists cannot diagnose market failure well enough to prescribe policy.
33 The problem of collective action
34 TRIPS , TRIMS (这两个协议与知识产权有关) 35 most favored nation; national treatment 36 customs union
37 trade creation; trade diversion
38 promoting industrialization ； Coping with the problem of the dual economy 39 the infant industry argument ; market failure justification for infant industry protection
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孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
40 The imperfect capital markets justification；The appropriability argument.
PART Ⅱ T=True F=False
1- 5 T F T T F 6- 10 T F F F T 11-15 T T T T F 16-20 T F T T F 21-25 T T T F T 26-30 F T T F T 31-35 T T F T T 36-40 T F T T F 41-45 T T F T F 46-50 T T T T F 51-55 F T T F T 56-60 F T F T T 61-65 T T T T T 66-70 F F T T T 71-75 T F F T T 76-79 T T F F
F
is
more
litter
than
the
T
and
F
at
2,5,7,8,9,15,17,20,24,26,29,33,37,43,45,50,51,54,56,58,66,67,72,73,78,79.If have on
enough time to understand ,just learn by heart.
PART Ⅲ choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question
(这部分加入了我的笔记，有些是老师讲解的内容,有些只是个人的理解)
1. An important insight of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other it
A. is always beneficial to both countries.
B. is usually beneficial to both countries.（通常会让两个国家都得利） C. is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country . D. is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country. E. tends to create unemployment in both countries. Answer: B
2. If there are large disparities（工资差异大） in wage levels between countries, then
A. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.
B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages. C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.
D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country. （贸易几乎不会让任一国家受损） E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country. Answer: D
3. Cost-benefit analysis of international trade （成本收益分析）
A. is basically useless.
B. is empirically intractable.
C. focuses attention on conflicts of interest within countries. D. focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries. E. None of the above. Answer: C
4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences in
A. historical perspective. B. location.
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孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
C. resource availabilities.（资源有效性）
D. tastes. E. incomes. Answer: C
5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded by the political process because
A. economists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.
B. economists have a universally accepted decisive power over the political decision mechanism.
C. maximizing consumer welfare may not be a chief priority for politicians.（扩大
消费者福利不是最主要的）
D. the gains of trade are of paramount concern to typical consumers. E. None of the above. Answer: C
6. Proponents of free trade claim all of the following as advantages except
A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers. B. a wider selection of products for consumers C. increased competition for world producers.
D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes. E. None of the above. Answer: A
In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirements A. one B. two C. three A. four B. five
Answer: D
7. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because it
D. is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively. E. is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically. F. is producing exports using fewer labor units.
G. is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units. H. None of the above. Answer: B
8. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian（李嘉图） model will find its consumption bundle（消费约束）
A. inside its production possibilities frontier. B. on its production possibilities frontier.
C. outside its production possibilities frontier.（生产可能性边界） D. inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.
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孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
E. on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier. Answer: C
9. If a very small country trades with a very large country according to the Ricardian model, then
A. the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare. B. the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare. C. the small country will enjoy gains from trade. D. the large country will enjoy gains from trade. E. None of the above. Answer: C
10. If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, then
A. country H but not country F will gain from trade. B. country H and country F will both gain from trade. C. neither country H nor F will gain from trade.
D. only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain. E. None of the above. Answer: B
11. If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin)(上凸，凹面
向原点), then production occurs under conditions of A. constant opportunity costs.
B. increasing opportunity costs.（机会成本递增） C. decreasing opportunity costs. D. infinite opportunity costs. E. None of the above. Answer: B
12. If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely if
A. their supply curves are identical. B. their cost functions are identical. C. their demand conditions identical. D. their incomes are identical. E. None of the above. Answer: E
13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan if
A. U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.
B. U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20. C. U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.
D. U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour. E. None of the above. Answer: A
14. International trade has strong effects on income distributions(收入分配效应，包括国内
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