孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
各个利益主体之间、国与国之间。). Therefore, international trade
A. is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries. B. will tend to hurt one trading country.
C. will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country. D. will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.
E. will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade. Answer: C
15. If the price of the capital intensive product rises（资本密集品价格上涨）, wages will
A. rise but by less than the price of the capital-intensive product.（工资刚性，变动
较慢）
B. rise by more than the rise in the price of the capital-intensive product. C. remain proportionally equal to the price of the capital-intensive product. D. fall, since higher prices cause less demand. E. None of the above. Answer: A
16. If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries, A. the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise. B. the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise. C. the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise. D. the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall.
E. the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise. Answer: D
（贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）
17. If the price of manufactures and the price of food increase by 25%, then
A. the economy moves down its aggregate supply curve.
B. the economy moves back along its aggregate demand curve.
C. the relative quantities of manufactures and food remain unchanged. （相对数不
变）
D. the relative quantities of products change by 25%. E. None of the above. Answer: C
18. If the price of manufactures rises, then
A. the price of food also rises.
B. the quantity of food produced falls.
C. the quantity of both manufactures and food falls. D. the purchasing power of labor in terms of food falls. E. None of the above. Answer: B
18. Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby the government to（贸易失利者游说政府）
A. shift the direction of comparative advantage.
B. abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application. C. provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors. D. provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors.
6
孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
E. None of the above. Answer: D
19. The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food production and for manufacturing, then a quota that protects food production will A. clearly help landowners. B. clearly hurt landowners.
C. clearly help manufacture but hurt food production.
D. have an ambiguous effect on the welfare of landowners. E. None of the above. Answer: D
20. If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, following the specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage in A. manufactures. B. food.
C. both manufactures and food. D. neither manufactures nor food. E. None of the above. Answer: B
21. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would（劳动者越过国境流入）
A. move the point of production along the production possibility curve.
B. shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.
C. shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the labor-intensive product.
D. shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the capital-intensive product.（资本密集型产品产量下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量） E. None of the above. Answer: D
22. The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and Sveikauskas
A. supported the validity （合法性）of the Leontieff Paradox. B. supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model. C. used a two-country and two-product framework.
D. demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different technologies. E. proved that the U.S.'s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor. Answer: A
23. The Case of the Missing Trade refers to（要素贸易少于H-O模型的预则）
A. the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys' Mystery series.
B. the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.
C. the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory. D. the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade than actually exists.
7
孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
E. None of the above. Answer: C
24. One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparative advantage is by assuming that __________ is (are) identical in all countries.
A. factor of production endowments B. scale economies
C. factor of production intensities D. technology E. opportunity costs Answer: D
25. As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, the assumption of diminishing returns（报酬递减） in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with trade
A. countries will not be fully specialized in one product.（国家没有在一个产品上完
全专业化生产）
B. countries will benefit from free international trade.
C. countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier. D. comparative advantage is primarily supply related. E. None of the above. Answer: A
26. Suppose that there are two factors, capital and land, and that the United States is relatively land endowed while the European Union is relatively capital-endowed. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,
A. European landowners should support US-European free trade.
B. European capitalists should support US-European free trade.（欧洲资本家支持
欧美自由贸易）
C. all capitalists in both countries should support free trade. D. all landowners should support free trade. E. None of the above. Answer: B
27. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the United States is richly endowed in human-capital relative to Mexico, then as NAFTA increasingly leads to more bilateral free trade between the two countries,
A. the United States will find its industrial base sucked into Mexico.
B. Mexico will find its relatively highly skilled workers drawn to the United States.
C. The wages of highly skilled U.S. workers will be drawn down to Mexican levels.
D. The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will rise to those in the United States.
E. The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will fall to those in the United States.（墨西哥高技术工人工资降低到美国同水平） Answer: E
8
孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
28. If two countries were very different in their relative factor availabilities（相对要素丰
富程度相差很多）, then we would not expect which of the following to be empirically supported?
A. The Heckscher - Ohlin Theorem
B. The Factor Price Equalization Theorem.（要素价格均衡理论） C. The Law of One Price D. The Law of Demand E. None of the above. Answer: B
29. A country cannot produce a mix of products with a higher value than where
A. the isovalue line intersects the production possibility frontier.（等价值线相切生
产可能线）
B. the isovalue line is tangent to the production possibility frontier. C. the isovalue line is above the production possibility frontier. D. the isovalue line is below the production possibility frontier. E. the isovalue line is tangent with the indifference curve. Answer: B
30. If PC / PF were to increase,
A. the cloth exporter would increase the quantity of cloth exports. B. the cloth exporter would increase the quantity of cloth produced.（棉布出口商会
增加棉布生产的数量）
C. the food exporter would increase the quantity of food exports. D. Both A and C. E. None of the above. Answer: B
31. Export-biased growth in Country H will
A. improve the terms of trade of Country H. B. trigger anti-bias regulations of the WTO.
C. worsen the terms of trade of Country F (the trade partner).
D. improve the terms of trade of Country F. （改善对手的贸易条件） E. decrease economic welfare in Country H. Answer: D
32. If the poor AID recipient countries have a higher marginal propensity to consume each and every product than does the United States, then such aid will A. worsen the U.S. terms of trade. B. improve the U.S. terms of trade.
C. leave the world terms of trade unaffected.
D. worsen the terms of trade of both donor and recipient countries. E. None of the above. Answer: B
33. If two countries with diminishing returns and different marginal rates of substitution between two products were to engage in trade, then
A. the shapes of their respective production possibility frontiers would change. B. the marginal rates of substitution of both would become equal. （边际替代率会
9
孙铱 Wednesday, January 14, 2009
趋于均等）
C. the larger of the two countries would dominate their trade. D. the country with relatively elastic supplies would export more. E. None of the above. Answer: B
34. In the period preceding the recent Financial Crisis in Asia, the South East Asian countries were receiving large inflows of financial capital. Following John Maynard Keynes' theory, this should have caused A. a glut in their banking asset situation. B. an improvement in their terms of trade. C. deterioration in their terms of trade.
D. a fluctuation upward and then downward in their terms of trade. E. None of the above. Answer: B
35. If Slovenia is a small country in world trade terms, then if it imposes a large series of tariffs on many of its imports, this would（小国的关税对其贸易条件无影响） A. have no effect on its terms of trade. B. improve its terms of trade. C. deteriorate its terms of trade.
D. decrease its marginal propensity to consume. E. None of the above. Answer: A
36. If the United States exports skilled-labor intensive products and services, then we should expect unions representing unskilled labor to A. lobby in favor of tariffs.
B. lobby against the imposition of tariffs. C. be indifferent to the issue of tariffs.
D. lobby in favor of improved terms of trade. E. Not enough information. Answer: A
37. Where there are economies of scale, an increase in the size of the market will
（规模经济下，市场规模扩大，会增加厂商数目，降低产品价格）
A. increase the number of firms and raise the price per unit. B. decrease the number of firms and raise the price per unit. C. increase the number of firms and lower the price per unit. D. decrease the number of firms and lower the price per unit. E. None of the above. Answer: C
38. If some industries exhibit internal (firm specific) increasing returns（内涵报酬递增） to scale in each country, we should not expect to see A. intra-industry trade between countries. B. perfect competition in these industries. C. inter-industry trade between countries.
D. high levels of specialization in both countries.
10