2001年
题目解析:
71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 结构分析:
71) 主句There // will be // 并列结构1 television chat shows / 后置定语hosted by robots, // 并列结构2 and cars / 后置定语 with pollution monitors // 定语从句that // will disable // them // 时间(条件)状语从句when // they // offend. 词义推敲:
there will be 将来会有,到时会有
television chat shows hosted by robots 由机器人主持的电视谈话/聊天节目. chat shows:访谈节目
host:to act as host at (an event) or to (a person) 主持、主办(活动);招待 cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车 that will disable them:监控器就会使其(汽车)停驶
disable them 使汽车失灵/停止运行/无法前进/不能开动/瘫痪/将阻止汽车开动 offend (汽车)污染超标/违规 参考译文:
届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。 得分重点:
并列结构,定语从句,时间状语从句
72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. 结构分析:
72) 并列结构1 Children // will play with // dolls / 后置定语equipped with / personality chips, // 并列结构2 computers / 后置定语with in-built personalities // 被动结构will be regarded并列结构11as // workmates // 并列结构22 rather than 省略结构(as)tools, // 并列结构3 relaxation // will be // in front of / smell-television, // 并列结构4 and // digital age // will have arrived. 词义推敲:
doll:洋娃娃,玩具娃娃 equip with:装备
personality chip:个性芯片
personality:distinctive qualities of a person, especially those distinguishing personal characteristics that make one socially appealing 人品个人独特的品质,特别是那些有区别性的、使某人具有社交魅力的个人性格
chip:an integrated circuit 集成电路
computers with in-built personalities 个性内置的计算机 be regarded as 被当作 workmate 同事 rather than 而不是
smell television 气味电视机
digital age 数字(化)时代 参考译文:
孩子们将会与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍/装有集成电路块的有个人性格的玩偶玩,具有内置个性的计算机/内部装有人格化芯片的电脑将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将会在气味电视机前休闲/放松/休息/消遣/娱乐,届时数字化时代就来到了。 得分重点:
并列结构,被动结构,省略结构,比较结构rather than
73)Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 结构分析:
73) 主句Pearson // has pieced together // 多重定语the work of / hundreds of / researchers / around the world, // 结果状语to produce // 多重定语a unique millennium technology calendar // 定语从句that // gives // the latest dates // 定语从句when // we // can expect // hundreds of / key breakthroughs and discoveries // to take place. 词义推敲:
Pearson 皮尔森(音译) pieced together 汇集;综合
the work of / hundreds of / researchers / around the world:多重后置定语——后浪推前浪,可以翻译为:(世界各地/全世界/来自全世界)数百位研究人员的成果
to produce (结果)编制(出了)
a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历 the latest dates 最迟的日期 latest:最新的
when:by which,到这些日期
key breakthroughs 重大突破,关键性突破 key:重要的,关键的 breakthrough:突破,成就 参考译文:
皮尔森(汇集/收集/综合/拼集)(世界各地/全世界/来自全世界)数百位研究人员的成果,(结果)编制了一个(独特/独一无二/唯一)的(技术千年历/千年技术日历),它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的(最迟/最近)日期。 得分重点:
定语从句,多重定语结构
74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.\结构分析:
74) 状语结构But // 主语that, // 插入结构Pearson // points out, // 谓语is only // 多重定语the start of / man-machine integration: // 直接引语 “引语的主句It // will be // 多重定语the beginning of / the long process of / integration // 定语从句that // will ultimately lead to // a fully electronic human // 时间状语before // the end of / the next century.” 词义推敲:
that指代上文a breakthrough 突破,
the start of man-machine integration 人机一体化的开始 = computer-human links integrate:结合,一体化
the beginning of the long process of integration:多重后置定语——后浪推前浪,可以翻译为:人机一体化漫长之路的第一步 / 长期的综合过程的开始 / 漫长的集成历程的开始 / 整体化长久过程的开端
ultimately:最终
lead to 引起出现,导致产生
a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人,完全的电子人 before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前 参考译文:
但是皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是(人机一体化/人机综合/人机集成/人和机器结合/人和机器结合为一体/人机集成技术)的(一个)(开始/起点/开端):“它(将是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步/将成为长期的综合过程的开始/将成为漫长的集成历程的开始/将成为整体化长久过程的开端),(最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人/人机一体化将在下个世纪末之前导致完完全全的电子人地出现)。” 得分重点:
插入结构,定语从句
75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage. 结构分析:
75) 主句And // home appliances // will also become // so smart / 状语从句that // controlling and operating them // will result in // 多重定语the breakout of / a new psychological disorder / - kitchen rage. 词义推敲:
home appliances 家用电器 smart 聪明,智能化
them:指代home appliances,译作“它们”。 result in:导致,出现
the breakout of / a new psychological disorder:(引发/出现/发作/发生/爆发)一种新的(心理疾病/心理混乱/心理不正常/心理失衡/心理紊乱/心理错乱)
breakout 爆发
psychological disorder 心理混乱(失调) kitchen rage 厨房狂燥症,厨房愤怒,厨房生气
rage:furious intensity, as of a storm or disease 狂暴,猖獗猛烈的力度,用于风暴或疾病 参考译文:
而家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会(引发/出现/发作/发生/爆发)一种新的心理疾病/心理混乱/心理不正常/心理失衡/心理紊乱/心理错乱的爆发——厨房狂燥症。 得分重点:
状语从句,多重定语结构
9、2002年
题目解析:
61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 结构分析:
61) 主句One difficulty // is // 表语从句 that 从句的主语almost all of / 宾语从句what is called
/ behavioral science(多重定语结构) // 谓语continues to trace behavior to // states of mind, // feelings, // traits of character, // human nature, // and so on. 词义推敲:
One difficulty is that ?:表语从句——由系动词修饰和限定。难题之一在于、一个困难是。 almost all of / what is called / behavioral science:多重定语结构。几乎所有的所谓的行为科学
what is called 所谓的 behavioral science行为科学 continue to依然/继续/延续 trace ? to 追踪溯源
states of mind 心态,意识状态 feelings 感情
traits of character 性格特点 human nature 人性 参考译文:
难题之一在于/一个困难就是所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然/继续/延续从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找/研究/探索/探究行为的根源。 得分重点:
表语从句,宾语从句,被动结构
62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. 结构分析:
62) 主句The behavioral sciences // have been slow / to change // 并列结构1 partly 原因状语从句because // 主语 the explanatory items // often // 被动结构seem to be directly observed // 并列结构2 and partly 原因状语从句because // 主语other kinds of explanations // 谓语have been hard / to find. 词义推敲:
have been slow to change (一直)发展缓慢。 have been:完成时——一直,一向。 slow:缓慢的 change 改变,发展。
the explanatory items: 用以解释的依据、要素(内容,项目) item 内容,项目——依据、要素
seem to be directly observed:被动结构,最好不要用“被”字。似乎往往是(直接观察到的/从直接观察中得到的/来自于直接的观察/是直接观察的结果。
seem to be 似乎往往是
directly observed 直接观察到的 / 从直接观察中得到的 / 来自于直接的观察 / 是直接观察的结果
other kinds of explanations 其他的解释方式 / 类型的解释 / 种类的解释 参考译文:
(行为科学/行为科学的研究/行为学理论/行为科学方法)之所以(发展缓慢/变化很慢/发展很慢),部分原因是用来解释(行为/它们/不译)的(依据/因素/要素/内容/项目)似乎往往是(直接观察到的/从直接观察中得到的/来自于直接的观察/是直接观察的结果),部分原因是其他(的解释方式/类型的解释/
种类的解释)一直(难以找到/很难发现/获得得十分困难/不容易被发现)。 得分重点:
原因状语从句,并列结构,被动结构
63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 结构分析:
63) 并列结构1 主语 多重定语The role of / natural selection / in evolution // 谓语 被动结构was formulated // 时间状语结构only a little more than a hundred years ago, // 并列结构2 and 主语 多重定语结构the selective role of / the environment / in shaping and maintaining / the behavior of / the individual // 谓语is only beginning to / 被动结构be recognized and studied. 词义推敲:
the role of natural selection in evolution:多重定语结构——后浪推前浪。我们可以范围为:进化过程中自然选择的作用。
in evolution:在演化中。
role:a function or position 功能,职位。 natural selection:自然选择。
was formulated:得以(阐明/表述/解释/论证/揭示)。被动结构——最好不要用“被”字。 formulated 阐述;表述;解释;论证
only a little more than a hundred years ago:仅/只在一百多年前。
the selective role of / the environment / in shaping and maintaining / the behavior / of the individual:(保持/维护)个体行为时的选择作用/角色。
in shaping and maintaining 在形成和保持??的过程中。
to be recognized and studied被动结构——最好不要用“被”字。(被 / 得到)(认识 / 承认 / 意识到 / 认可)和研究。
recognize:to perceive or show acceptance of the validity or reality of 承认,认可认识到或表现出接受?的合理性或真实性 参考译文:
自然选择在进化/演化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明/表述/解释/论证/揭示,而环境在塑造/形成/造就和保持/维护个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识/承认/意识到/认可和研究。 得分重点:
并列结构,被动结构,多重定语结构
64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 结构分析:
64) 主句并列结构1 主句They // are // 多重定语the possessions / of the autonomous (self-governing) man / of traditional theory, // 并列结构2 and 主句they // 're essential / to practices // 定语从句in / which // 主语a person // 谓语 并列结构11 被动结构is held responsible / for his conduct // and 并列结构22 被动结构 省略结构(a person is)given credit / for his achievements. 词义推敲:
They:指代“freedom and dignity”,译作“自由与尊严”
the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory:多重后置定语——后浪推前浪。我们可以翻译为:传统理论定义的(自主行为的/自我控制的/自我约束的/自主人/自