宾语从句, 并列结构
2009年考研英语翻译真题译文及解析
４６、It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. 结构分析：
并列分句及形式主语结构//It may be said主语从句//that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect 介词短语作后置定语/in enlarging and improving experience; 并列分句//but this effect is not a part of its original motive. 词义推敲：
the measure of 对??的衡量 social institution社会制度 effect效果，效应，影响
enlarging and improving experience扩展（或扩大）和改进（或提升）经验 original原始的，最初的 motive动机，目的 参考译文：
可以说，对任何社会制度的价值的衡量在于它在扩展和改进经验方面的效应，但是这种效应并不是它原始动机的一部分。 得分重点：
主语从句，后置定语，后一个分句的宾语
４７、Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 结构分析：
并列句及倒装结构//Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, 并列句及倒装结构//and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 词义推敲：
gradually逐渐地，渐渐地
by-product副产品，意外结果、副作用 directive指导性的
the conduct of the institution制度的运转（或实施） 参考译文：
社会制度的这种副效应是逐渐地被意识到的，而认识到这种效应是制度运转的指导性因素则更加缓慢。 得分重点：
两个倒装结构，呈递进关系的两个被强调部分
４８、While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 结构分析：
让步状语从句//While 形式主语/it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, 主句及形式主语//it is比较结构/ not so easy 比较结构/as in dealing with adults. 词义推敲： Ignore忽视，忽略
contact with与??接触、联系
the effect of our acts我们的行为产生的影响 disposition气质，性格
deal with adults与成年人打交道、接触 参考译文：
虽然在我们与年轻人接触时，很容易忽略我们的行为对他们的性格产生的影响，但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。 得分重点：
让步状语从句，形式主语
４９、Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 结构分析：
原因状语从句//Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 主句//we cannot help considering 宾语从句//whether or not we are forming the powers 定语从句which will secure this ability. 词义推敲：
chief business主要任务，主要职责，主要事务 enable使?能够?
share in a common life参与共同的生活
cannot help considering情不自禁地考虑，禁不住考虑，不得不考虑 whether or not是否
secure this ability确保这个能力 参考译文：
既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，那么我们不得不考虑我们是否在构建能够确保我们获得这种能力的力量。 得分重点：
原因状语从句，whether引导的宾语从句，定语从句
５０、We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. 结构分析：
主句//We are thus led to distinguish, 插入语//within the broad educational process定语从句// which we have been so far considering, 主句的宾语/a more formal kind of education – 定语从句的宾语/that of direct tuition or schooling. 词义推敲：
distinguish区分，区别
the broad educational process宽泛的教育进程 so far到目前（现在）为止，直至目前（现在） that 在此处代指“教育” direct tuition直接教导 schooling学校教育 参考译文：
因此，我们可以在上文所述及（目前为止已经考虑到地）的宽泛的教育进程中，区分出一种更加正规的教育，即直接教导或学校教育。 得分重点：
插入语，定语从句，后置插入语
2010年考研英语翻译试题译文及解析
(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. 结构分析：
(46) 主句的主语/Scientists 主句谓语/jumped to 主句宾语/the rescue 伴随状语/with some
distinctly shaky evidence to the effect 同位语从句//that 从句主语/insects 从句谓语would eat us up 条件状语从句//if birds failed to control them 词义推敲：
jump to sth 表示“匆匆......”, 例如jump to a conclusion 表示“匆匆得出结论 rescue vt.援救, 营救n.援救, 营救
with some distinctly shaky evidence 伴随状语，意为：采用一些站不住脚的证据 to the effect that 是固定搭配，表示“大意是... 参考译文：
科学家们匆匆赶来救援，但证据是明显站不住脚的。大意就是，如果鸟不能控制这些虫子，虫子就会吃光一切。 得分重点：
同位语从句，固定搭配
(47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. 结构分析：
(47) but 主句主语/we 主句谓语/have at least drawn near 主句宾语/the point 介词短语作后置定语/of admitting 宾语从句//that 从句主语/birds 从句谓语/should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, 让步状语/regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. 词义推敲：
draw near the point of 意为“接近.....” as a matter of 意为“作为......” regardless of 意为，“不管，不顾” intrinsic right 内在的固有的权利 economic advantage 经济价值 参考译文：
但是，我们至少比较一致的认可这样一种观点，即：无论鸟类对我们是否具有经济价值，他们都应该继续享有其固有的生物权利。 得分重点：
固定搭配，后置定语，宾语从句，让步状语
(48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on \结构分析：
(48) 主句的主语/Time 主句系动词/was 表语从句//when 从句主语/biologists somewhat 从句谓语/overworked the evidence 并列同位语从句//that these creatures preserve the health of game 方式状语/by killing the physically weak, or 并列同位语从句//that they prey only on “worthless species”. 词义推敲：
Time was when意为“曾经，从前” overwork 工作过度，过分
preserve the health of game 意为“维护游戏的正常运行”，根据上下文，引申为“维持生物链条的健康发展”
prey on 意为“捕食”
参考译文：生物学家们曾一度滥用这个证据：这些生物通过残杀弱者来维持生物链条的健康发展，或者只是捕食“无价值的物种”。 得分重点：
表语从句，同位语从句，方式状语，固定搭配
(49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. 结构分析：
(49) 地点状语/In Europe, 非限定性定语从句//where forestry is ecologically more advanced, 主句主语/the Non-commercial tree species 被动结构/are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. 词义推敲：
be recognized as 意为，“被看做”
the Non-commercial tree species 不具有经济价值的树种 native forest community 意思是“当地的森林群落” within reason，意为“合情合理的” 参考译文：
欧洲的林业生态发展比较先进。，那些没有商业价值的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员而被合理保护。 得分重点：
非限定性定语从句，被动结构，专有名词
(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. 结构分析：
(50) 主句主语/It 主句谓语/tends to ignore, 并列谓语and thus eventually to eliminate, 主句宾语/many elements in the land community并列定语从句// that 从句谓语/lack 从句宾语/commercial value,并列定语从句 but that are essential to its healthy functioning. 词义推敲：
tend to do sth. 意为“倾向于做某事”; be essential to sth. 意为“对......必要的” the land community 陆生群落 commercial value 经济/商业价值 healthy functioning 健康运行
参考译文：这样的体系容易忽视、并最终灭绝了生物群落中的许多元素。然而这些元素虽然缺少商业价值，但对整个群落的健康运行却至关重要。 得分重点：
动词搭配，定语从句，专有名词