the well studied languages经过充分研究的各种语言 accused sb. of sth. 指责／谴责某人作了某事
Boas and Sapir：（人类学语言学家）博厄斯和萨培尔，译作“博厄斯（Boas）和萨培尔（Sapir）”。 fabricating捏造, 伪造, 虚构 参考译文：
这些新近被描述的各种语言与（经过/得到）充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言（是如此的显著的不同/往往差别显著/惊人的差异/很大的不同），以至于一些学者甚至指责（博厄斯/Boas）和（萨培尔/Sapir）（编造/制造/捏造）了（他们的）资料。 得分重点：
结果状语从句，固定短语
(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 结构分析：
(64) 原因状语Being interested in / the relationship of / language and thought, // 主句Whorf // developed // the idea // 同位语从句that the structure of language // determines // the structure of habitual thought // in a society. 词义推敲：
being interested in ?应增加逻辑主语——Whorf，我们可以翻译为“Whorf对语思维的关系很感兴趣”
Whorf：人名，译作“沃尔夫”，或者不译。
develop与idea搭配，不宜译作“发展”，而译为“形成观点” habitual thought 应译作 “习惯思维”
that：引导同位语从句可以译作“即”，“那就是”，或者用冒号、破折号代替。 the structure of habitual thought：习惯思维结构、模式 参考译文：
Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，他逐渐形成了这样一种（观念/观点）：在一个社会里，语言的结构决定了习惯思维结构。 得分重点：
同位语从句，现在分词结构
(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 结构分析：
(65) 主句Whorf // came to / believe in // a sort of / linguistic determinism // 定语从句 从句的主语which, // 插入结构in // its strongest form, // 谓语states // 宾语从句 并列结构1 that language // imprisons // the mind, // 并列结构2 and that the grammatical patterns / in a language // can produce // far-reaching consequences for / the culture of / a society. 词义推敲：
come to believe开始相信 come to：开始做，碰巧做 a sort of：一种，某种
linguistic determinism语言决定论 linguistic：语言的，语言学的
determinism：?论，?主义
in its strongest form在其最强烈的形式下，其极端形式 imprison the mind禁锢思维 参考译文：
Whorf/沃尔夫（逐渐接受/进而相信）某种（类似）语言决定论的观点；这种观点的极端说法是：语言禁锢了思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。 得分重点：
定语从句，宾语从句，插入结构，并列结构 12、2005年
题目解析：
(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe . 结构分析：
46) 主句Television is one of the means //定语从句by which these feelings （指代关系） 被动结构are created and conveyed – //and perhaps 倒装结构never before has it served 并列结构1// so much to connect different peoples and nations 并列结构2 //as in the recent events in Europe. 词义推敲：
Television is one of the means：电视是??的手段之一； by which：引导定语从句； feelings：感觉、感受； created：引发； conveyed：传递；
it：指代“television”（电视）； peoples：指民族； nations：指国家。 参考译文：
电视是引发和传播这种感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。 得分重点：
定语从句，倒装结构，并列结构
(47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 结构分析：
47) 地点状语结构In Europe, //插入结构as elsewhere, 主句//multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: 同位语//groups 定语从句//which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses 定语从句//that work in relation to one another. 词义推敲：
multi-media groups：传媒集团，最好不要翻译为多媒体集团 increasingly successful：越来越成功； bring together：把??组合在一起；
work in relation to one another：相关的。 参考译文：
和其它地方一样，欧洲的传媒集团越来越成功：这些集团把相关的电视、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合在一起。
得分重点：
插入语，同位语结构，定语从句
(48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
结构分析：
48) 主句This alone demonstrates 宾语从句//that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, 同位语//a fact underlined by statistics 定语从句//that show 宾语从句//that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 词义推敲：
This demonstrates：这一点表明； alone：足以；
television business：电视行业 television networks：电视广播网 underlined：强调； no less than：不少于，多达 took a loss：亏损 参考译文：
仅这一点就足以表明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一事实，在80个欧洲电视网中，多达一半在1989年亏损。 得分重点：
宾语从句，同位语结构，定语从句，took a loss
(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice 结构分析：
49) 主语Creating a “European identity” 定语从句//that respects the different cultures and traditions 定语从句//which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent 谓语 并列结构1 //is no easy task 并列结构2 and //demands a strategic choice. 词义推敲：
identity：指的是一种不同于北美的、代表欧洲特色的标志，译作“品牌”； Old Continent：不译作“老大陆”，而译作“欧洲大陆”。 make up：构成，组成 参考译文：
不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的决策。 得分重点：
专有名词，定语从句，并列结构
(50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” 结构分析：
50) 状语结构In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, 主句//it is no exaggeration to say 宾语从句 直接引语“省略结构//（If we are）United we stand,省略结构//（if we are）divided we fall” 词义推敲：
dealing with：处理、应对； on such a scale：如此规模的；
it is no exaggeration to say：可以毫不夸张地说 stand：生存； fall：灭亡；
参考译文：
在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说，“联合，我们就生存，分裂，我们就灭亡。” 得分重点：
状语结构，形式主语，省略结构
13、2006年
题目解析：
(46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. 结构分析：
（46）主句I shall define him as an individual 定语从句//who has elected 宾语补足语//as his primary duty and pleasure in life 宾语//the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底）way about moral problems. 词义推敲：
define ?as? 把?定义为? elected? as? 选择?作为?
his primary duty and pleasure in life 生命中主要的责任和乐趣 n Socratic（苏格拉底）way 用苏格拉底的方式 moral problems 道德问题 参考译文：
1、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体：他用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为其生命中的主要职责与乐趣。
2、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体，他把用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题作为自己的主要责任与乐趣。 得分重点：
固定短语，宾语从句，宾语后置
(47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
结构分析：
（47）主句//His function is analogous to that of a judge，定语从句//who must accept the obligation of revealing方式状语// in as obvious a matter as possible //the course of reasoning 定语从句
//which led him to his decision. 词义推敲：
Analogous 类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的 be analogous to 类似于..., 与...相似
accept the obligation：接受这个义务，就是有义务。 Reveal 展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露
in as obvious a manner as possible=in a obvious manner. As ?as possible lead ?to? 把?引向? 参考译文：
知识分子的作用类似于法官的作用，后者必须承担起这样的责任：用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程。
得分重点：
固定短语，定语从句，方式状语
(48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 结构分析：
（48）主句I have excluded him // 原因状语从句//because，让步状语从句//while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems， 转折//he has not been charged with the task //of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 词义推敲：
exclude 拒绝接纳, 把...排除在外, 排斥 contribute to 有助于
the solution of moral problems 道德问题的解决，解决道德问题 been charged with 承担、负责
not any but =nothing but=only 只，仅仅是
the factual aspects of those problems 那些问题的事实方面/层面 参考译文：
我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是触及了这些问题的事实方面。
得分重点：
原因状语从句，让步状语从句，固定短语
（49） But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 结构分析：
（49）主句//But his primary task is not to think about the moral code 定语从句//which governs his activity，比较结构// any more than //a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration |of rules of conduct in business.