词义推敲：
moral code译为：道德准则/道德标准 dedicate to表示致力于
exploration是开发探索之意，翻译时需要做一点调整
an exploration |of rules of conduct in business 多重后置定语——后浪推前浪，我们翻译为：对于商业行为规则的探索。 参考译文：
但是普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约束其行为的道德准则，这正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。
得分重点：
固定短语，定语从句，比较结构，多重后置定语
(50) They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries ,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. 结构分析：
（50）主句They may teach very well，比较结构// and more than earn their salaries，转折关系//but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems定语从句 //which involve moral judgment. 词义推敲：
more than more than 后面跟名词和动词，我们翻译为不仅仅/不只是 make reflections on 对?进行反思/思考 little or no 很少或是没有 moral judgment 道德评判/判断 参考译文
教师可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅为了赚钱，但是大部分教师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。 得分重点：
比较结构，固定短语，定语从句
14、2007年
题目解析：
(46) Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. 结构分析：
(46) Traditionally 主语//legal learning被动结构（固定结构）// has been viewed in such institutions //as the special preserve of lawyers, 比较结构//rather than 多重后置定语//a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. 词义推敲：
traditionally 传统上来说 legal learning 法律的学习 view ?as? 把?看作? institutions 公共机构
the special preserve of lawyers 律师专有的特权/权利 preserve 禁区，防护物，引申为律师专有的权利 rather than 而不是
necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person 多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：受过教育的人的知识储备所必需的一部分 intellectual equipment 知识装备/储备/才能 an educated person 受过教育的人 参考译文：
传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看成是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人的知识才能必须的部分。 得分重点：
被动结构，view as ，rather than ，多重后置定语
(47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 结构分析：
(47)状语结构 //On the other,主句 //it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner 定语从句//which is parallel to the links 定语从句（省略that）//journalists forge方式状语 //on a daily basis 时间状语从句//as they cover and comment on the news. 词义推敲：
On the other, 另一方面 Link 连接，联合（常和to搭配） everyday realities 日常实际 be parallel to 类似的 forge 铸造，形成，塑造
on a daily basis 在日常基础之上 cover the news 报道新闻 参考译文：
另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观念同日常实际联系起来，这种联系得方式类似于新闻记者在报道和评论新闻时基于日常规则所形成的方式。 得分重点：
固定短语， 定语从句，方式状语，时间状语从句
(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 结构分析：
(48)主句的主语//But the idea同位语从句// that the journalist must understand the law 比较结构//more profoundly //than an ordinary citizen 主句的谓语//rests on 主句宾语（多重后置定语结构）//an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 词义推敲：
profoundly 深深地，深刻地 ordinary citizen 普通公民/市民 rests on 依靠于，依赖于
established conventions 既定风俗
an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media 多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：对于新闻媒体的特殊责任和既定风俗的理解。 参考译文：
但是新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻的理解法律的观念依赖于对于新闻媒体的特殊责任和既定传统的理解。 得分重点：
同位语从句，比较结构，多重后置定语
(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.? 结构分析：
(49)In fact, 形式主语//it is difficult 真正主语//to see 宾语从句//how 宾语从句主语/journalists定语从句// who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution 宾语从句谓语/can do 宾语从句宾语/a competent job on political stories.? 词义推敲：
In fact,事实上，实际上
have a clear grasp of 对?有清晰的认识 basic features 基本特征 Canadian Constitution 加拿大宪法 Competent 有能力的，胜任的 political stories 政治报道/新闻 参考译文：
实际上，要想明白（懂得）那些不能清晰了解加拿大宪法基本特征的新闻记者如何能够胜任政治新闻的报道工作是困难的。 得分重点：
形式主语，宾语从句，定语从句，固定结构
(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. 结构分析：
(50)让步状语从句//While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, 形式主语//it is preferable //for journalists 真正主语//to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. 词义推敲：
comment and reaction 评论和反馈 enhance 提高，增强，丰富
preferable 更可取的，更好的，更优越的 rely on 依赖于
notions 概念，观念，想法，主张
their own notions of significance 他们对于重要性的理解/看法，他们自己的价值观 make their own judgments 做出他们自己的判断 参考译文：
尽管律师的评论和反馈可能会增加故事内容，但是对于新闻记者来说，他们依赖他们的价值观并作出自己的判断是更加难能可贵的。 得分重点：
让步状语从句，形式主语，
15、2008年
Directions: 题目解析：
(46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 结构分析：
(46)主句// he believes宾语从句//that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of 并列结构//forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,并列结构 //and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 词义推敲：
this very difficulty very表示强调，我们可以翻译为“正是这个困难” compensating advantage 补充的/补偿的优势， forcing him to 强迫他去 intently 刻意地，专心地，集中地 enabling him to 使他能够 reasoning 推理 参考译文：
达尔文认为正是因为这个困难，促使他对每一个句子进行长时间和针对性的思考，同时也使得他在观察和推理中发现错误。这也就使他具有了别人所不具备的优势。 得分重点：
宾语从句，并列结构，固定短语
(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 结构分析：
(47)主句// He asserted, also, 宾语从句//that his power后置定语/ to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, 非限定定语从句//for which reason felt certain 表语从句//that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 词义推敲：
Asserted 宣称，声称 Follow 理解
Abstract 抽象的，深奥的
train of thought 一连串的思想，思路，思想（固定搭配） 参考译文：
达尔文同时声称，对于冗长而且纯抽象的思想，自己的理解能力并不强。因为这个原因，他相信自己在数学方面根本不会成功。 得分重点：
宾语从句， 定语从句，表语从句
(48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. 结构分析：
(48) 状语结构//On the other hand, 主句//he did not accept 宾语补足语//as well founded宾语// the charge made by some of his critics 同位语从句//that, 让步状语从句//while he was a good observer, 同位语从句//he had no power of reasoning.
词义推敲：
On the other hand 另一方面
as well founded 这个结构的完整形态应该是“as well founded one(指代charge)，我们翻译“就像那些有根有据的指控一样”。 charge 指控，控诉 critics 批评家，评论家 observer 观测者，观察员
no power of reasoning 缺乏推理的能力 参考译文：
另一方面，虽然有些批评他的人一致认为他善于观察，但不具备推理能力，但是他不同意这种说法。 得分重点：
同位语从句，让步状语从句，宾语补足语
(49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.” 结构分析：
(49)主句// He adds humbly 宾语从句//that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men 并列结构//in noticing things 定语从句//which easily escape attention, 并列结构//and in observing them carefully.” 词义推敲： add 增加，补充
humbly 谦虚地，谦恭地 superior to 优越于
the common run of men 普通人，比如：She's different from the common run of students. 她跟一般学生不同。 参考译文：
达尔文很谦虚的补充到，有些事情需要高度的注意力和细心的观察，也许他自己在观察此类事情时比一般人有优势。 得分重点：
宾语从句，定语从句，并列结构
(50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 结构分析：
(50) 主句//Darwin was convinced宾语从句// that the loss of these tastes was 并列结构//not only a loss of happiness, 并列结构//but（also） might并列结构/ possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably并列结构/to the moral character. 词义推敲：
convince 使确信，使信服
the loss of these tastes 失去这些兴趣 a loss of happiness 失去幸福 be injurious to 有害于? 参考译文：
达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。 得分重点：