所以,y??0??f???1?.x129?arctan??1??2129??3.
7.设y?arctane?ln解:y?arctanex? y??11??exe2x2x1?e,求y??0?.
2x12x?2x?ln?1?e??
11?e2x?2?e???1??2?2? ?1?e????2x??ex2x1?e2xx?1?2ee?1??2??. 2x?2x2?1?e?1?e所以,y??0??1.
习题2.3
5. 求下列方程所确定的隐函数的导数.
(1).exy?sin?x?y??0; (2)y3?y2?2x2;
(3). y?1?xey; (4)arctanyx?lnx?y.
22解:(1)方程exy?sin?x?y??0两边对自变量x求导,有 exy?y?xy???cos?x?y?.?1?y???0,即
?xexy?cos?x?y?.y???ye?xy?cos?x?y?
所以 y???yexexyxy?x?y??cos?x?y??cos.
(2)方程y3?y2?2x2两边对自变量x求导,有 3y2y??2yy??4x,即
3y?2yy??4x.
?2? 所以 y??y4x3y?2y2.
(3)解:方程y?1?xe两边对自变量x求导,有
y??0?ey?xeyy?,即?1?xey?y??ey.
11
所以 y??(4)先将方程arctanarctanyx2eyy1?xe2?ey2?y2.
yx??ln122x?y.化简为
lnx?y.
22??方程arctan
yx?lnx?y两边对自变量x求导,有
1?y?x?y?1.?..?2x?2yy??,即 ??2222?2x?y?y??x1????x?11?y?x?y?1.?..?2x?2yy?? ??22222x?y?x?2x?yx2 化简得 y?x?y?x?yy? 即 ?x?y?y??x?y 所以 y??2.求下列函数的导数(1) 解:
dydtx?yx?y.
.
dydx?x?a?t?sint?, ???y?a1?cost.??asintdydx?dydt;
dxdt??a?1?cost?. 1?costsint.
所以
dxdt?x?etcost,(2)? t?y?esint.解:
dydt?e?sint?cost?;
tdydt?e?cost?sint?.
t所以
dydx?dydtdxdt?sint?costcost?sint.
?x?3e?t,(3)? t?y?2e.解:
12
dydt?2et;
dydt??3e?t.
所以
dydx?dydtdxdt??23e.
2t3at?x?,2?1?t(4)? 23at?y?.21?t?解:
dydtdxdt?3a1?t???3at.2t?1?t?2222?3a?1?t2?1?t?6at2222?;
?6at?1?t??3at?1?t?222.2t?2t?1?t?2;.
所以
dydx?dydtdxdt?1?t.
?x?2cos3?,(5)? 3y?4sin?.?解:
dxd?dyd??6.cos?(?sin?);
2?12sin?.cos?.
2所以
dydx?dyd?dxd???2tan?.
2??x?3t?2t,(6)?y
??esint?y?1?0.解:(将方程中x,y均视为t的函数),对所给方程两边关于t求导,得:
?dx?dt?6t?2?2?1?3t?,? ?dyydy?y??t??0?e.?.sint?ecos?dtdt????1?
?2?.由(2)式,得: 所以
dydx?dydtdxdt?ecost2?1?3t?1?esintyydydt?ecost1?esintyy (3)
??.
13
3.求下列函数的导数
dydx.
(1)y?xx?x?0?; 解:
dydx?e?xlnx???exlnx?xlnx?1?lnx??xx(1?lnx).?xlnx??e ①.
(2)y?x?xx?xx?x?0?; 解:?xxxx???e?xlnxx???exlnxx?xxlnx??
?exxlnx???x?x.?x?lnx?x?lnx?(由①) ?????xx1?.?x.?1?lnx?.lnx?x.?
x?? ?exxlnx ?xx.?xx.?1?lnx?.lnx?xx?1?; ②
xdydxx??x?x(将①、②代入) ??x???x??x?? ?1?xx?1?lnx??xx.?xx.?1?lnx?.lnx?xx?1?.
x(3)
1??y??1??x??x
解:lny?x?ln?1?x??lnx?. 上式两边关于x求导,得
11??1y???ln?1?x??lnx??x???y?1?xx?
?ln?1???1?1??x?1?x .
所以
??1?1??1???1?1?y??y?ln?1????1?.ln1?????????x?1?x??x???x?1?x???2x.
??x?1??x?2??x?3??3(4)y??? 3x?x?4???解:lny?14
23?ln?x?1??ln?x?2??ln?x?3??3lnx?ln?x?4??.
上式两边关于x求导,得
1yy??2?11131??????3??x?1x?2x?3xx?4?2
所以
2??x?1??x?2??x?3??3y??.??33?x?x?4??x1131??1.???????x?1x?2x?3xx?4?.
(5)y?x?x?0?.
解:lny?1xlnx.
上式两边关于x求导,得
1yy??1?lnxx2x ,所以, y??1?e.
14xx2x.?1?lnx?. .
(6). y?解:lny?12?xsinx?lnx?12ln?sinx??ln1?e?x?.
两边关于x求导,得
1y1y??111111x.?..cosx?..?e. 即 x2x2sinx41?e??1111e y??.?.cotx?.. xy2x241?ex所以
x?111?1e1y??y?.?.cotx?.?x?241?e??2x2?xsinx?1?exx?11e??cotx?.x21?e?x??. ?4.求曲线?解:故
dydtdydx?x?sint,?y?cos2t.在参数所对应的点处的切线方程与法线方程.
?cost??2sin2t?dydtdxdt;
?dxdt.
?2sin2tcost??4sint.
曲线对应t???4处点的切线斜率为k?2dydx|t??4??4sin?4??22.
当t??2?,y?0,故切点坐标为?时,x?,0?. ??42?2?15