14. Is your father a Party member?
Yes, he _____the Party three years ago. He ______a Party member for three years.
A. joined, has been B. has joined, has been C. was joined, is D. joined, was 15. _____your sister ____ in Greener China for a long time? Yes. She joined it five years ago.
A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. have; joined 16. Dongdong has _____ Greener China for two months. A. joined B. taken part in C. been D. been a member of 17. ---How long may I _____ the dictionary? ---For half a year.
A. take B. keep C. borrow D. lend
18. We won’t wait for you ______ you come here on time. A. if B. unless C. when D. till 19. ---It’s 9 o’clock now. I must go.
--- It’s raining outside. Don’t leave _________ it stops. A. when B. since C. while D. until
20. The dinner didn’t start _____all the friends arrived. A. when B. while C. until D. whether
Unit 2 Saving the Earth 一、 短语
be harmful to 对……是有害的 Pour 。。。Into。。。把。。。倒入 in a bad mood 处于坏情绪 manage to do sth 设法做某事 at midnight 在午夜 do harm to 有害于 go deaf 变聋
quite a few 相当多
no better than 与……一样（差、坏） in public 在公共场合
cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事 all sorts of 各种各样的 in many ways 在许多方面 for example 举个例子
have an effect on sth 对某事有影响 two days later 两天后 in the past 在过去
at the end of 在……的末尾 as a result 结果 here and there 到处 walk on grass 践踏草坪
give some advice to 给……一些建议 in the beginning 在开端 cut down 砍伐
prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 in danger of 处于……的危险中 come to do sth 开始做某事 day by day 一天天
follow the rules 遵守规则 cut off 切断
change into 变成…… take away 带走
pass through 通过；穿过
be helpful to 对……是有帮助的；有助于…… refer to 指的是…… deal with 处理
at the same time 同时 take up 占据 come up 上升
stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 wash away 冲走
interview sb about sth 采访某人某事 spread the message 传递信息
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 be supposed to 理应；应该 ought to 应该
travel a short distance 短途旅行 make sure 确保 on time 准时
make an announcement 发个口头通知 turn off 关掉
hurry up 快点；赶快 instead of 代替
be used for 被用作…… die out 消失，灭亡 neither。。。 nor 。。。 既不也不 二．重点句型讲解
1. The flowers and grass have gone! 鲜花和绿草都消失了！
Go 在此处为不及物动词，意为“不复存在，不见了” The pain has gone! 疼痛消失了！
go 还可以表示不行，垮，完结，死完，消逝，起作用或处于某种状态 的意思。 Her sight is going. 她的视力不行了。 The fish is going bad. 鱼块变质。 Poor john is gone. 可怜的约翰死了。
The company may go any day. 这家公司随时会垮的。 Everything goes well. 一切都好。 My watch won’t go. 我的表不走了
2. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 看，有几个化工厂正往小溪里排放废水。
There be + sth./ sb. + doing sth. 意为“有某人或某物正在做某事”，如： There are many people living in the area now. pour … into… 向… 投入… 如：
The government has poured millions of yuan into the education. 【拓展】pour away 倒掉
如：Pour away the dirty water. 把脏水倒掉。
3. People pour waste water into rivers and lakes, so …. 人们往河里、湖里倾倒废水，因此….
waste adj. 废弃的， 无用的；n. 浪费，损耗，消耗，荒地 如： It’s a waste of time.
Turn up all the wastes. 开垦所有的荒地。
【拓展】waste v．浪费，其反义词为save。 如：
Don’t waste electricity. Turn off the lights when you go out． 别浪费电，出去时关掉灯。
4. Light pollution is harmful to birds. pollution为不可数名词 pollute v. 污染，弄脏
harmful 反义词 harmless 无害的 be harmless to sb/sth 对。。。无害
be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害= do harm to sb./ sth. 如：
Reading in the sun is harmful to our eyes.= Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.
4. Litter influences our environment.
influence v. 可用greatly/ strongly/ heavily 等来修饰。 influence n. 可用good/ bad 等来修饰。
have a strong influence on sb. 对某人影响深
5. 系动词
1．系表结构：Linking verb. + adj. 常见的连系动词如下: 1）be 动词：He is helpful. They are tired.
2) 表 “…起来”：look看起来; sound听起来; taste尝起来;feel摸起来等等.如:
3）表状态变化的连系动词有：get 变得; turn 转变; go变; become变成 等等. 如: In summer, the days get longer, the weather gets warmer. In fall, the leaves turn yellow. The mother went mad. He became angry.
练习:
1. It _______ like the singing of the birds.
A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes 2. This kind of cake tastes _______.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
3. The children all looked _______ at the broken model plane and felt quite _______.
A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad 4. This kind of paper _______ nice.
A. feel B. felt C. is feeling D. feels 5. This math problem is _______ and I can do it _______.
A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy 6. In winter the days _______ colder and colder.
A. gets B. getting C. got D. get 7. He _______ pale at the thought.
A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed 7.I can’t stand the environment here. 我不能忍受这儿的环境。
stand v. 忍受
stand +n/ pron 忍受某事/某人
The boy is too impolite. We shouldn’t stand him any more. 这个男孩太没礼貌了，我们不能再容忍他了。 I can’t stand the cold. 我不能忍受这寒冷。
stand sb./sth. doing sth. 容忍某人/某事做某事
I can’t stand people dropping litter. 我受不了人们乱扔垃圾。
8. Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon.
Anyway 为副词，通常用于转换话题，结束谈话或回到原话题，意为―无论如何，反正‖ Anyway, let’s forget about that for the present. 无论如何， 咱们暂时不要再提这件事了。
10.However, not all people know that noise is aslo a kind of pollution … (1)not all…此结构表示部分否定，意为“不是所有的…..”如：
Not all of the people are interested in sports.不是所有的人都对体育感兴趣。 (2). none;没有（人或物）; neither（二者之中）哪个也不; nothing没什么东西
nobody 没人; no one没人 它们都表示全部否定。如：: None have arrived yet.还没有人来
Neither of my friends has come yet.我的（两个）朋友一个也没来。 11.quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss.
许多生活在机场附近的人们也丧失了听力。
(1) quite a few 许多，相当于many quite a little 许多相当于 much
very few 几乎没有几个 very little 几乎没有一点儿 just a few 仅仅几个 just a little.仅仅一点儿 (2) hearing n.听力，听觉 如：
My grandmother’s hearing is poor。我奶奶的听觉不好。
12. Recently, it is reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do...
… 近来有报道说美国许多青少年的听力像65岁的老人那样差…
(1) It is reported that 意为“据报道。。。。“此句中it 为形式主语， that 从句为真正的主语; is reported是一般现在时的被动语态结构。如：
It’s reported that it will be cloudy tomorrow. 据报道明天多云。 It's (was) said that...据说
Eg It was said that there used to be an old house here.
(2) no better than 意为“同…（几乎）一样（坏），不比…做得好”相当于 almost as bad/badly as如：
Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟。 链接：no more than=only 仅仅
Eg. There are no more than 20 students
13. It not only disturbs others but also does great harm to people’s hearing.
它不仅打扰别人，而且对人的听力有极大伤害。
do harm to sb. /sth. 意为“对某人/某物有害”。如： This kind of chemicals do great harm to people’s skin. 这种化学物质对人的皮肤有极大危害。
14. if 和 whether何时不可以替代
大多数情况下可以，在遇上如下情况的时候：if 不能替换 whether (1) 正式文体中，句中有or not 时。如：
I wonder whether it’s big enough or not 我不知道它是否够大。 (2) 作介词宾语时。如：
I haven’s settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. 我还没决定是否回家去。
(3) 在不定式前，与不定式构成词组。如：
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not. 她还没决定去还是不去。 (4) 作discuss等动词的宾语。如：
We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论了是否该关闭那家商店。
15.buring gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. create v. 创建，创造
How do I create a new file? 文档 create 产生，引起
The main road was closed, creating a ot of traffic problem.
16.With the increase in population and the development of industry, litter is