信用证业务案例——分运
案情
我国A外贸公司向英国B公司出口茶叶600公吨，合同规定：4月至6月份内分批装运。B公司按时开来信用证。证内规定:Shipment during April/June, April shipment 100M/T, May shipment 200M/T, June shipment 300M/T。我国A公司实际出运情况是：4月份装出100M/T，并顺利接汇。5月份因故未能装出，6月份装运500M/T。
问题
我外贸公司6月份出运后能否顺利结汇？为什么？
分析
6月份出运不能正常结汇。理由如下：
（1）根据《UCP500》条款，L/C规定在指定的期限内分批装运，任何一批未按期装运，L/C对该批及以后各批均告失效（除非L/C另有规定）。
（2）本案中，A公司5月份未能按L/C装运，银行对该期及以后各期均有权拒付，所以6月份装运500公吨已属无效，不能顺利结汇。
此案例主要核对对《UCP500》关于分批装运或分批付款的规定的了解。分批装运是指一笔交易的货物分若干批于不同航次装运。国际贸易中分批装运的原因对卖主而言，主要是生产或装运的需要，对买方而言，只资金周转或营销方面的需要。因而只要信用证规定分批装运，并且明确规定了批次，时间、数量、比例、应严格执行，否则视为违约。
根据《UCP500》第四十一条：信用证规定在指定的不同期限内分批付款及/或分期装运，如其中任何一批未按信用证规定的期限付款/或装运，则信用证对该期及以后各期均视为无效。除非信用证另有规定。
此案例中我国A公司5月份未按规定装运，已构成违约，必然给B公司造成损失，即使6月份装运500M/T，完成全部交货数量，也不可能顺利结汇，何况A公司提供的结汇单据也必然与信用证规定不符，开证行或买方必然拒付和拒收。
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信用证业务案例——修改
案情
某公司收到由广州中国银行转交之香港汇丰银行开立的信用证一份，证内声明受 UCP500号文本约束，并载明通知行为广州中国银行。经审证发现装运期与合同不符，不可接受。当即电请开证申请人修改展期。事后，该公司收到由汇丰银行上海办事处直接寄来的修改通知书，由于邮递耽误，致使已经修改的有效期和装期仍无法接受。公司当即将通知书退回上海，再次电请买方修改，适逢市场价格下跌，买方拒绝，以致合同无法履行，公司造成积压损失。
问题
受益人应怎么办？
分析
根据 《UCP500》第9条d款!项规定：“未经开证行、保兑行（如有的话）以及受益人同意，不可撤销信用证既不能修改也不能撤销。”因此，当受益人认为需要修改信用证条款时，必须首先向开证申请人提出要求，经同意后再由申请人向开证行办理修改申请手续，开证行应其要求向通知行发出修改通知书，再经通知行转达受益人，这是信用证修改的必备程序。那种仅凭买方一纸表示同意修改的回电，即认为已经修改是不符合程序的，银行是不能接受的。因此受益人要在收到银行修改通知书后，方可组织出运。
至于通知书应由哪家银行转达给受益人方为有效，《UCP500》第11条 b款作了明确规定：“如果一家银行利用另一家通知银行的服务将信用证通知受益人，则它必须利用同一家银行的服务通知修改。”至于邮递失误，银行是否负责的问题，这在 《UCP500》第16条中有明确的规定：“银行对由于任何讯息、信函或单据在传递过程中发生的迟延及/或遗失而产生的后果，或电讯传递过程中发生的迟延、残缺或其他差错，概不负责。”
鉴于上述种种，就本案而言，首先要分清责任，明确责任对象。开证行开立的信用证既声明受 《UCP500》约束，但开证行又未按 《UCP500》第 11条 b款之规定办事：证内既载明广州中国银行为通知行，其后的修改通知书理应经该行转交受益人，而事实上是经开证行驻上海办事处通知的。开证行有不可推卸的责任。
今受益人因遭申请人拒绝修改展期，使合同不能履行，以致造成积压，这一后果应由开证行承担，但受益人与开证行并无直接联系，故在处理这类问题时，受益人最好是与原通知行 （即广州中国银行）配合，由原通知行出面与开证行交涉。在一般情况下，开证行与申请人都保持有较好的往来关系，由开证行出面向申请人做工作，问题比较容易得到解决。
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信用证业务案例——审证
案情
买卖双方签订出口合同如下：
上海远大进出口公司 正本
SHANGHAI YUANDA IMPORT & EXPROT COMPANY （ORIGINAL）
上海市溧阳路1088号龙邸大厦16楼
16TH Floor,Dragon Mansion,1088 Liyang Road ,Shanghai 200081 China 电话（TEL）：0086-21-56747624 传真（Fax)：0086-21-56747698 销货合约 编号：NO. YD-MDSC9811
SALES CONTRACT 日期：DATE：200x/11/8
买方：
Buyers：MAURICIO DEPORTS INTERNATIONAL S.A. 地址：
Address:RM 1008-1011 CONVENTION PLAZA,101 HARBOR ROAD,COLON,R.P.
兹经买卖双方同意成交下列商品订立条款如下：
The undersigned Sellers and Buyers have agreed to close the following transaction according to the terms and conditions stipulated below:
货物名称及规格 NAME OF COMMODITY SPECIFICATION 数量 QUANTITY 单价 UNIT PRICE 金额 AMOUNT CIFC3 COLON Chinese Rice F.A.Q. Broken Grains(Max.) 20% Admixture(MAX.)0.2% Moisture 10% REMARKS: with 5% more or less both in amount and quantity at the Seller's Option PACKING: 50kg to one gunny bag. Total 40000 bags.
2000 tons US$ 360.00 总值： TOTAL AMOUNT：USD 720，00000 Say Us Dollars Seven Hundred And Twenty Thousand Only US$ 720,000.00 28
SHIPMENT: To be effected during December 200x from Shanghai .China to Colon,r.p. allowing partial shipments and transshipment.
INSURANCE: To be covered for 110% of invoice value against All Risks as per and sunject
to Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of P.I.C.C.dated 1/1/1981.
PAYMENT: The buyers shall open through a first-class bank acceptable to the seller an
irrevocable L/C at 30 days after B/L date to reach the seller November 25,
200x and valid for negotiation in china until the 15th day after the date
of shipment.
卖方 SELLERS 买方 BUYERS
SHANGHAI YUANDA IMP&EXP.COMPANY MAURICIO DEPORTS INTERNATIONAL S.A.
赵国斌 D.H.Hentuary
买方根据合同要求申请银行开立信用证如下：
CITIBANK N.A. P.O.Box 555 Panama R.P. ORIGINAL CABLE ADDRESS:\DOCUMENT CREDIT IRREVOCABLE CREDIT NUMBER FO ISSUING BANK OF ADVISING BANK 180-43672 ADVISING BANK CITI BANK OF SHANGHAI SHANGHAI,CHINA BENEFICIARY APPLICANT MAURLCIO DEPORTS INTERNATIONAL S.A. Rm 1008-1101 Convention Plaza,101 Harbar Road Colon ,R.P. AMOUNT US$733,320.00 (SAY SEVEN HUNDRED THIRTY SHANGHAI YUANDA EXPORT&IMPORT COMPANY THREE 16th Floor,Dragon Mansion ,1088 Liyang THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND TWENTY US DOLLARS) Road EXPIRY SHANGHAI 200081 CHINA Tel:0086-21-56747624 Fax:0086-21-56747698 DATE:JANUARY 15,1998 AT THE COUNTER OF CITIBANK 29
N.A.PANAMA Dear sir(s), We have issue in your favor this documentary credit which is available by your at 30 day's sight draft(s) drawn on CITIBANK N.A. PANAMA BRANCH,PANAMA for 100% invoice cost accompained by the following documents: (1)2/3 set of original clean on board ocean bill of loading dated on later than December 15,200x issued to our order notify APPLICANT marked fright to be collected. (2)ommercial invoice in triplicate duly signed original visaed by Panamanian Consul. (3)packing list in quadraplicate showing gross weight of packager and certified that the goods are packed in new gunny bags. (4)Beneficiary's certificate stated that 1/3 set of original bill of lading has been airmailed directly to applicant within 48 hours after shipment. (5)Insurance policy or certificate in duplicate in the currency of the credit and in assignable form for the full invoice value plus 110pct,covering institute Cargo Clause A covering: 40000 bags of chinese Rice as per Sales Contract No.YD-MDSC9811 dated November 18,200x CIF Colon Document must be presented within 5 days after the date of shipment but within the validity of the credit DISPATCH/SHIPMENT FROM SHANGHAI TO PANAMA PARTIAL SHIPMENT PROHIBITED TRANSHIPMENT PROHIBITED SPECAIL CONDITIONS 1.The documents beneficiary present should include an inspection certificate signed by applicant or its agent. 2.Each draft accompanying documents must indicate the credit number of issuing bank and credit number and name of advising bank (if indicated). 3.This credit is non-operative unless the name of carrying vessel has been approved by applicant and to be advised by L/C issuing bank in form of an L/C admendment to beneficiary. 4.All charges outside panama R.P. are for account of beneficiary. 30