4. 世界各地举行了许多盛大的新年庆祝活动。
Many grand new-year celebrations are held in the world. 5) 没有和平，没有稳定的政治局面，就谈不上经济发展。
Without peace or political stability, there would be no economic growth.
C. 汉语中动词的使用频率远高于英语，所以在翻译成英语时，根据情况省略某些动词不译。
1）在出席会议前，我有些急事要处理。
I have some urgent business on hand before (attending) the meeting. . 2）他没有致闭幕词就宣布会议结束了。
He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 3) 她连续讲了两个小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。
She has been talking in French for two hours without any mistakes. 4）十万元以下的轿车的出现，激起了更多人购买私家车的热情。
The appearance of cars priced at less than 100,000 yuan aroused the enthusiasm of more people for private cars.
D. 汉语意义重复时，应减词英译。 1) 中国人民为此进行了长期不懈的努力。
The Chinese people have made unremitting efforts to that end/for that. 2) 为了保卫国家安全，维护祖国统一，我们必须不断增强国防实力。
We must build up our defense capability with a view to safeguarding our State security and national unity.
3) 科学技术在一些领域取得重大突破。
Breakthroughs were made in some areas of science and technology.
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4) 各项社会事业全面进步。
All social undertakings developed. /The social undertakings developed in an all-round way.
5) 我们要进一步开创外交工作的新局面。 We shall open up new vista in diplomatic work. 6)我们要加强与世界各国在经济、文化等领域的交往。
We must enhance our economic and cultural exchange with other countries. 7) 市场商品供应丰富多彩。
The market had an adequate supply of commodities. E. 省略汉语修辞的词语 1) 科学技术日新月异。
Science and technology are advancing /developing rapidly. 2) 大学校园文化包罗万象，其主流是―青春、浪漫、激扬‖的。
The campus culture in universities are all-inclusive, with the main stream of ―youth, romance and passion‖.
3) 各级党组织和领导干部都要旗帜鲜明地反对腐败。
Party organizations and leading cadres at all levels must take a clear stand to oppose corruption.
4) 我们满怀信心、昂首阔步迈向21世纪。
We are advancing confidently forwards to the 21st century. Conversion（词类转换法）
He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明为保持其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
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I．英译汉中常用的词类转换 1、转译成动词
A. 由动词的派生词名词（或含有动作意义的名词）转译为动词 1．Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。
2. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. 无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。
3. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation. 读一点世界史，对学习翻译是有帮助的。 4. A view of Mt. E-mei can be obtained from here. 从这儿可以看到峨嵋山。
5.The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.
过去的20年里，美国的航空工业突飞猛进。
6. The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.
财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
B. 英语中加后缀-er, -or 的名词，在句中并不表身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意义。
7. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.
他倒是不抽烟，但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽（是个老烟枪）。 8. He was a regular visitor. 他经常来。
9. What kind of sailor are you? (a bad sailor or a good sailor?)
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你晕不晕船？
10．We cannot become participants in the war, but nor must we be mere spectators. 我们不能参与战争，但也不能袖手旁观。
11. Americans are great joiners, as the huge number of organizations available in the United States attests.
美国人热衷于参加各种活动，看看不胜枚举的各种组织就足以证明这一点。 C. 前置词转换为动词
12. ―Coming!‖ Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.
―来啊!‖ 她转身蹦着跳着地跑了, 越过草地, 跑上小径,跨上台阶, 穿过凉台,进了门廊。
13. Jones opened the windows to let fresh air in. 琼斯把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来. 14. That day she was up before sunrise. 那天她在日出前就起来了.
15．The Statue of Liberty was a gift to USA from France in 1886 as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution.
自由女神像由法国于1886年赠给美国，作为友谊的象征，并纪念美国独立战争期间法国给予的援助。
2. 转译成名词 A. Verbs-Nouns
英语中有许多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语的名词。如：
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1. She behaves as if she were a child. 她的举止跟一个孩子一样。
2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个衣着讲究的人上了车，他的言谈举止酷似美国人。
3．Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration. 人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。
4. The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.
美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制、合伙制和公司制。
5．White policemen are now careful of how they speak and behave towards their fellow black citizens.
白人警察现在十分注意自己及对黑人公民的言行举止。 B. Adjectives-Nouns
1.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
2. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。 3. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。 4. This problem is no less important than that one. 这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。 5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth. 玻璃的透明度比塑料布要好。
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