哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文
17 李雪荣.儿童行为与情绪障碍.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987:1 18 李心天主编.医学心理学.北京:人民卫生出版社，1991:30 19 忻仁娥等.上海精神医学,1992，新4(1):47-65 20 Willians GM et al. Pediatrics,1998,102(1):111 21 Breitmayer BJ et al. J Pediatr Nurs,1992,7(3):181-188 22 张军等.国外医学卫生学分册，1999,26(2):106-109 23 沈晓明.国外医学社社会医学分册，1993,10(4):176-178 24 Dubowitz H et al. Child Abuse Negl,1994,18(11):899-911 25 Meleod JD et al. J Health Sol Behav,1996,37(3):207-210 26 Armold DH et al. Dev Psychol,1998,34(2):276-287 27 任榕娜.国外医学妇幼保健分册,1998,9(2):92-93 28 Pagani L et al. J Child Psychol Psychiatry,1997,38(7):769-781
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哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文
致 谢
感谢我的导师李志楠，从毕业论文的选题、确定到研究方法及至修改定稿，都得到李志楠老师的悉心指导，论文的字里行间都饱含了导师的心血和汗水。此外，李老师认真负责的工作态度、严谨的治学精神和深厚的理论水平都使我受益匪浅。她无论在理论还是在实践中，都给予我很大帮助，对我的影响将是终生的，感谢李老师耐心的辅导。
感谢我的亲人，是他们给予了我莫大的支持和百般的呵护，鼓励我一直学习，不断从各方面提高自己。
感谢社会工作专业全体老师四年来给予了我学习的支持和帮助！同时感谢各位同窗好友，与他们的交流、思想碰撞使我受益匪浅，与他们一起的四年快乐生活难以忘怀。
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哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文
附 录
Parent rearing and child development
——Santrock《Child development》2003,6
Parent rearing in the family system, parents are no doubt the most direct and interactive level happened Children, their words and actions of their children's behavior and personality have taken place in a direct impact on their child's concept of education and society on the Child process plays a most important influence 1. D. Baumrind's research and the type of rearing styles
Baumrind of the University of California, have parents child-rearing behavior and personality development of the relations between the three decade long studies, the developmental psychology research has in fact become a milestone in one of the classic study. In the first study, Baumrind will be personality based on pre-school children into the most sophisticated level of sophisticated, middle-mature and most immature group of three, and then from the control of Children of the sophisticated requirements of the exchanges with the children, correctional Three of these four aspects of assessment Parent Group of the education level of children. It was found that the first group of children scored the highest level of parental rearing, followed by the second group; the third group the lowest scores. Baumrind be known as the authoritative parents, authoritarian type and coddled. His second, three studies with opposite first and long-term follow-up study of the experimental design. That is, first of all of these children (of the same test, including the three types of children and parents) to determine the personality, when these children grow to nine-year-old when found in personality. It was found that the authority of the Child in the Parent-based cognitive ability and social development of the negative than the other two groups are children; Children of authoritarian parents type of general level of development; coddled Girl at the Parent-based cognitive and social ability to score low on average, boys in particular, low cognitive ability. The latest research shows that these cognitive and social competences on the difference will be continued until adolescence. Finally, Baumrind information integration of these studies, the proposed two dimensions of rearing styles: the demands and responsiveness. Requirements refer to the Parent Child Whether or not the conduct of the establishment of appropriate standards and
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哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文
insist that children go to meet these criteria. Reactivity refers to the acceptance and love of children and their version of the sensitivity of the needs of Children. According to these two dimensions can be parents rearing patterns are classified into four categories. Baumrind's research focuses on authoritarian dictatorship and spoils the three types of study type, EEMaccoby and others on the fourth category - neglect type, carried out in-depth research. (1) Authoritative
At the same time, they show the growth of Children love attention and will patiently listen to the views of Children and Families to encourage children to participate in decision-making. In short, this dependency is characterized by rational means, strictly, democracy, patience and love. In most cases, this is the most beneficial way for children to grow. This type of parental conflict on children's reasonable requests made to the child's behavior appropriate restrictions, the establishment of appropriate goals, and insist that children obey and to achieve these goals.
Baumrind found that in such a way to grow up dependent children, social competence and cognitive skills are relatively good. At things and acquire new contacts with other children demonstrated in the course of a very strong self-confidence, self-control has a good capacity and a more optimistic mood, positive. On the advantages of such a development at puberty can be observed that such young people have higher self-confidence, maturity, high society, on a more diligent study, academic performance is also better. (2) Authoritarian
This type of parents are strict requirements of the Child, the very high standards of conduct, the standards and requirements of even unreasonable, the children have no bargaining rights. Dependent characteristics of this approach can be summed up in one sentence, that is, \I said so you have to do it.\Children appear if a little of the conflict, this type of parental corporal punishment will be taken or other punitive measures. In essence, this approach takes into consideration only the dependent adult's needs, and neglect of children and curb their own mind and independence.
Baumrind found that this way of raising the growth of pre-school children to show more anxiety, withdrawal and other negative emotions and behavior. At adolescence, they do not meet the conditions of custody under the authority such as the growth of children. However, these children are at school in a better performance, with the following referred
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哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文
to spoil the upcoming cold and dependency-based approach compared to children who grow up in these children appeared in the ratio of anti-social sexual behavior less much more.
(3) Permissive
This way the parents of dependent children are full of love and hope, but have forgotten the mission of Children of the society, they rarely put forward any requests or Child exerts any control.
Baumrind found that this way of raising the children grew up under the performance of very immature, bad self-control in particular. When he asked them to do things contrary to their aspirations, they almost can not control their impulses, to cry and so will seek to meet the real-time. For parents, they also show a strong dependence on the demand and endless, and before the mission at the lack of persistence and perseverance. This situation is particularly referred on the boys who realized the obvious. (4) Indifferent
This type of parents of the child to show the attitude of indifference, they do not have children and what standards of conduct requirements, it would not show the concern of the Child. The growth of their children done up to just provide food and clothing, or they can easily do, and what efforts will not pay for their children to provide better conditions of life and growth. The reason why parents use in such a way to treat children, probably because their parents are in their own lives are full of stress or the survival of their own suffered enormous setbacks or misfortune, or family relations have a major problem, so that they do not have the time and energy to take care of their children.
For whatever reason, the extreme neglect of children can also be regarded as a kind of abuse; this is the emotional life of children and material deprivation of life. With their parents because of the interaction between the few, the environment for the growth of the child, the possibility of adjustment disorder appears high.
System is constantly in growth and changes, the system changes in a particular aspect of the overall system would give rise to the adjustment, the family system is no exception. Children accompanied by the growth of same home system need to be adjusted in order to ensure the healthy operation of the entire system. One of the first adjustments is required in direct interaction with the child-rearing methods. Education in these four methods, the most authoritative is the ideal way of education, but even if the authority-type dependent manner are also required along with the growth of children in specific ways and strategies
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