漩涡理论与势流理论(4)

2020-06-10 10:13

Chapter 4

Vortex Theory and Potential Theory

式(4.27)是等势线簇? (x,y)=常数和流线簇?(x,y)=常数互相正交的条件,若在同一流场中绘出相应的一系列流线和等势线,则它们必然构成正交网格,称为流网,如图4-14所示。

Example 4.4

Velocity distribution of an incompressible planar flow is . Find :(1) whether there exist stream function and velocity potential in the planar flow; (2) the expressions of ? and ? if they do exist; (3) if the absolute pressure at point A(1m, 1m) in the flow field is 1.4×105Pa, density of the fluid is 1.2kg/m3, what is the absolute pressure at point B(2m, 5m)?

(1) 该平面流动是例4.4 有一不可压流体平面流动的速度分布为。

否存在流函数和速度势函数;(2)若存在,试求出其表达式;(3)若在流场中A(1m,1m)处的绝对压强为1.4×105Pa,流体的密度1.2kg/m3,则B(2m,5m)处的绝对压强是多少?

Solution:

(1) From continuity equation of incompressible planar flow 解 由不可压流体平面流动的连续性方程

The flow meets continuity equation, thus there exist stream function. 该流动满足连续性方程,故存在流函数。

, and because ,又因为

For planar flow,

对于平面流动

So the flow is irrotational, there exist velocity potential function. 该流动无旋,存在速度势函数。

(2) According to the total differential of stream function, we obtain

由流函数的全微分得:

By integration, we have 积分,得

According to the total differential of velocity potential , we obtain 由速度势函数的全微分得:

vvx

Chapter 4

Vortex Theory and Potential Theory

By integration, we have 积分,得

Example 4.5

Assume velocity distribution of a planar flow is

Find: (1) whether it satisfies continuity equation; (2) velocity potential ?; (3) stream function ?.

例4.5 设平面流动的速度分布为

求:(1)是否满足连续方程;(2)速度势?;(3)流函数?。

Solution:

(1) Since 由于

The flow satisfies continuity equation. 流动满足连续方程。

(2) For planar flow, ?x=?y=0. Since

对于平面流动,?x=?y=0。又

So the flow is irrotational, there exist velocity potential?:

所以流动是无旋流动,存在速度势?:

Take integral path as shown in Fig.4-15, the x in the second term on the right-hand side of the above equation is constant, thus

取积分路径如图4-15所示,上式右端第二项中x Fig. 4-15 为常数,所以

?vdx?Chapter 4

Vortex Theory and Potential Theory

(3) Since continuity equation is satisfied, there must exist stream function ?.

Because the integration is independent of integral path, we may take the same integral path shown in Fig. 4-15.

因为满足连续性方程,故存在流函数?。由于积分与路径无关,可以取图4-15

相同的积分路径。

Example 4.6

Stream function of incompressible planar flow is ?=5xy, (1) Prove the flow is a potential flow, then find velocity potential function; (2) Find velocity at point (1, 1); (3) If pressure at point (1, 1) is 105Pa, the density of the fluid is ?=1000kg/m3. Find the pressure at the stagnation point in flow field. 例4.6 不可压缩平面流场的流函数为?=5xy,(1)证明流动有势,并求速度势函数;

1)1)(2)求(1,点的速度(单位为m/s);(3)如果点(1,的压强为105Pa,?=1000kg/m3。

试求流场中的驻点压强。

Solution:

(1) Since 解: 因为

And

because

the

flow

is

two-dimensional

flow,

?x=0,

?y=0,

, therefore the flow is potential flow, there exist

velocity potential function.

又因为是平面流动,?x=?y=0,流动,存在速度势函数。

(2) velocity components at point (1, 1) are vx=5(m/s) and vy=-5(m/s)

(1,1)点的速度分量为vx=5(m/s),vy=-5(m/s)

,故流动为有势

Chapter 4

Vortex Theory and Potential Theory

(3)Suppose pressure at the stagnation point is p0, from Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible fluid, we obtain

设驻点的压强为p0,由不可压缩流体的伯努利方程,得

4.5 基本平面势流及其叠加

4.5.1 直均流

所谓直均流,就是流体质点以相同的速度相互平行地作等速直线运动。如图4-16所示,取流体运动方向为ox轴,其速度分布为vx=v0,vy=0.

因为

所以是无旋运动,存在速度势

当?=常数时,x=常数,所以等势线是x=C的一族与y轴平行的直线,如图4-16中的虚线所示。

将速度分布函数代入人连续性方程,因为满足

存在流函数?

?=v0y (4.30) Fig. 4-16 Parallel Flow

当?=常数时,y=常数,所以流线是平行x轴的直线族,如图4-16中箭头线所示。

4.5.2 源和汇

如果在无限平面上流体不断从一点沿径向直线均匀地向各方流出,则这种流动称为点源,这个点称为源点,如图4-17(a)所示;相反,若流体不断沿径向直线均匀地从各方流入一点,则这种流动称为点汇,这个点称为汇点,如图4-12(b)所示。显然,这两种流动的流线都是从原点 O发出的放射线,即从源点流出和向汇点流入都只有径向速度vr 。现将极坐标的原点作为源点或汇点,得极坐标系中的速度分布

v?

?=v0x (4.29)

Chapter 4

Vortex Theory and Potential Theory

(4.31)

可以证明该流场满足速度势和流函数的存在条件,速度势为

(4.32)

Fig. 4-17 (a) Source (b) Sink

或者

(4.33)

当?=常数时,r=常数,所以等势线是r=C的一族同心圆。C为任意常数。 流函数为

(4.34)

当?=常数时,?=常数,所以流函数的等值线是?=常数的射线族,如图4-17所示。

列出流场中任一点与无穷远点间的伯努利方程,得

式中p?为无穷远处(速度为零)的压强,则任意一点的压强可表示为

(4.35)

由上式可知,压强随距离r减小而减小,在

处压强变为零。

Fig. 4-18 Pressure Distribution of a Sink

图4-18 为汇的压强分布图。


漩涡理论与势流理论(4).doc 将本文的Word文档下载到电脑 下载失败或者文档不完整,请联系客服人员解决!

下一篇:建中初中2006~2007学年度八年级春季期末数学模拟试题(一)

相关阅读
本类排行
× 注册会员免费下载(下载后可以自由复制和排版)

马上注册会员

注:下载文档有可能“只有目录或者内容不全”等情况,请下载之前注意辨别,如果您已付费且无法下载或内容有问题,请联系我们协助你处理。
微信: QQ: