即当a???(0)时,f(x)在点x = 0处连续。
当x?0时,
f?(x)????(x)?sinx?x???(x)?cosx?;
x2当x = 0时,
???(0)f(x)?f(0)?(x)?cosx?x??(0)xf?(0)?lim?lim?limx?0x?0x?0 x?0xx2??(x)?sinx???(0)???(x)?cosx1?lim?lim?????(0)?1?x?0x?02x22故:
?(x)?cosx????(x)?sinx?x???(x)?cosx?,2??xf?(x)???1????(0)?1?,??2⑵ 因为
x?0。
x?0x2
??(x)?sinx?x????(x)?cosx????(x)?sinx???(x)?cosx???(0)?1?lim?lim?x?0x?02x22x?0x?0limf?(x)?lim???(x)?sinx?x??(x)?cosx所以,f?(x)在点x = 0处连续。 第五题解:
xx?2?d??2??F?(x)??lnxf(t)dt??lntf(t)dt???????1?tdx??1???x??21?x?2??2??21?x???2???f(t)dt???lnx?f(x)???lnx?f(x)???2???f(t)dtx?1x?1?x?x??x??x注意到:在[1,??)上f(x)?0,因此,当x > 1时,命:F?(x)?0,得?
?x1f(t)dt?0。
21??0,解此方程得到唯一驻点 x = 2。 x2x又,当1?x?2时,F?(x)?0;当x > 2时,F?(x)?0,所以F(x)在点x = 2处取得极小值F(2),又因为x = 2是唯一的极值点,所以x = 2是F(x)的最小值点,最小值为F(2)。
第六题解:
1112??0y(x)dx?xy(x)0??0xy(x)dx?y(1)??0xarctan(x?1)dx1?y(1)??(x?1)arctan(x?1)2dx??arctan(x?1)2dx0011?y(1)??(x?1)arctan(x?1)2dx??y(1)?y(0)????(x?1)arctan(x?1)2dx
00命x?1?t命u?t111022???tarctantdt???arctantd(t)?arctanudu?12?12?0111u11?1?121?uarctanu??du???ln(1?u)??ln20201?u2084224402211第七题解: 计算一、二阶偏导数
?z?z?z??,?x?u?v?z?za?z11?a?z?z????????,???y?u2y?v2?u?v?yy?
?2z?2z?2z?2z?2?2?2,2?u?v?v?x?u32222?2z1?2?a?z?z?1??za?za?z1???,??y?????????2?22?2?yy??u4y?u?vy?vy??2?u?v??
?2z?2z1?z代入方程2?y2???0,得到
2?y?x?y
?2z?2z1?z?a2??2z?2z?y2????1????2?a??0, 22??2?y?4??u?u?v?x?y?a2?0?1?于是有?,所以a??2。 4?2?a?0?第八题解:积分区域D为a2?x2?y2?b2与0?y?xtan?的公共部分。取极坐标计算,有
xtan?
I??asin?0e?y2dy?b2?y2a2?ye2?x2dx??2bsin?asin?e?y2dy?b2?y2ytan?be?xdx22???e?(xD2?y2)dxdy???e?rrdrd???d??re?rdrD0a?12e??d???e?rd(?r2)??0a02?b??a2?e2?b2
d?e?a?e?b??222。第九题解: 过点(x,f(x))的曲线y = f (x)的切线方程为:Y?f(x)?f?(x)(X?x),
注意到:由于f?(0)?0,f??(0)?0,所以当x?0时,f?(x)?0。因此,此直线在x轴上的截距为
??x?f(x)f(x)?0。 。且lim??limx?limx?0x?0x?0f?(x)f?(x)利用泰勒公式将f(x)在x0?0点处展开,得到
f(x)?f(0)?f?(0)x?类似可得:f(?)?11f??(?1)x2?f??(?1)x2,22?1在0与x之间;。
1f??(?2)?2,2?2在0与?之间。代入得
f(x)12x?xf??(?2)?f??(?2)xf(?)?xf?(x)?f(x)f?(x)2lim?lim?lim?lim?lim?limx?0?f(x)x?0x?0f?x?01?(?1)x?0xx?0xxf?(x)2?f??(?1)x 2xf??(x)f??(x)f??(0)1?lim?lim??x?0f?(x)?xf??(x)x?0f?(x)f??(0)?f??(0)2?f??(x)x 第十题证明:取数??(0,1),由连续函数介值定理知,存在C?(0,1),使得f(C)??。在区间[0,C]与[C,1]上分别
应用拉格朗日中值定理,有
f(C)?f(0)??,C?0Cf(1)?f(C)1??f?(?)??1?C1?Cf?(?)?0???C, 显然???。
C???1.由于??(0,1),所以??0,1???0,即f?(?)?0,f?(?)?0。从而
ababaC(1??)?b?(1?C)b??C(a?b??a?)?????, f?(?)f?(?)?1???(1??)?(1??)C1?C注意到:若取??ab,则1???,并且?,1???(0,1),代入得 a?ba?bababa?b???a?b。
abf?(?)f?(?)?a?ba?b第十一题证明:
x1221F(x)??(1?e?1)??(x?t)e?tdt??(t?x)e?tdt?1x2xx1122221??(1?e?1)?x?e?tdt??te?tdt??te?tdt?x?te?tdt?1?1xx20x0x2222112x1?t21??(1?e?1)?x?e?tdt?x?e?tdt?e?t?e?x?e?tdt?x?e?tdt?1010?12x2200x213?1?x2?t2?t2???e?e?x?edt?x?edt?2x?e?tdt?1102201x213?1?x2?t2?t2???e?e?x?edt?x?edt?2x?e?tdt?10022x213?1?x2???e?e?2x?e?tdt022
由于e?x2是偶函数,所以
?x0e?t2dt是奇函数,2x?e0x?t2dt是偶函数,于是知F(x)为偶函数。
又注意到:
13?1e?3?e??0;222e
11235?11??11??t?tF(1)?????0??2?0edt??????2?0edt??22e?22e??22e?F(0)?(当x > 0时)。 F?(x)??2xe?x?2xe?x?2?e?tdt?2?e?tdt?0,
0022x2x2
因此,函数F(x)在闭区间[0,1]上有且仅有唯一一个实根;又F(x)为偶函数,所以F(x)在闭区间[?1,0]上同样有且仅
有唯一一个实根。于是知函数F(x)在闭区间[?1,1]上有且仅有两个实根。
第十二题证明:取极坐标系,由??x?rcos?,得到
?y?rsin?
?f?f?x?f?y?f?f?????cos??sin?, ?r?x?r?y?r?x?y将上式两端同乘r,得到
r?f?f?f?rcos??rsin??xfx??yfy?。 ?r?x?y于是有
I???Dxfx??yfy?x2?y22?0dxdy???D2?1?f2?11?frrdrd??d?dr?f(rcos?,rsin?)d?2???0?0??rr?r2?
??f(cos?,sin?)d???2?00f(?cos?,?sin?)d??0??2?0f(?cos?,?sin?)d?
???
f(?cos?,?sin?)d?由积分中值定理,有
I??2??f(?cos?1,?sin?1),其中0??1?2?。
故lim???0
?1xfx??yfy?dxdy?limf(?cos?1,?sin?1)?f(0,0)。 22?????02?Dx?y第一题①
2002
23第
②
y??13x??33③。
?4第
三
④
?35解
⑤
dS?222???x?y?z2arctanx?lnlimx?0?22二题BACDD题:
xn
2111?x??2?41?x?lim1?x21?x1?x?lim1??4x?lim, n?1n?14n?34x?0x?0x?0nxnx1?xnx(1?x)4。 3故n?3,C??第四题 解:命u = t - x,则当 t = 0 时,u = -x;t = x 时,u = 0,于是
??0?x?x?x222????g?(x)???(u?x)f(u)du?x?(?1)?uf(u)du?2x?uf(u)du?x?f(u)dux??00??x??0??x?x????x2f(?x)?2?uf(u)du?2x(?x)f(?x)(?1)?2x?f(u)du?x2f(?x)(?1)?
??00????2?uf(u)du?2x?0?x?x0f(u)du第五题 解:设y?x4?ax?b,-∞ y??4x3?a 命y??0得唯一驻点x?3?aa2,又y???12x?0,故当x?3?时,y有最小值。且最小值为 44y?a??a??????a????b ?4??4?4313x?3?a4又当x →-∞时,y →+∞;x →+∞时,y →+∞,因此, ⑴ 当且仅当??43?a??a???a????b?0时,方程有唯一实根。 ?4??4?134313⑵ 当???a??a??a?????b?0时,方程无实根。 ?4??4?第六题 解:⑴设A点坐标为 (x0,y0),则y0 = x02,于是可知切线方程