可。直接将arctanx展开办不到,且(arctanx)?易展开,即
11?x2?(arctanx)????(?1)n?0nx2n,x?1, ①
积分得
arctanx??x?0(arctant)?dt??(?1)n?0n?0x?tdt?2n?n?0(?1)n2n?1x2n?1 x???1,1?. ②
因为右端级数在x??1时均收敛,又arctanx在x??1连续,所以展开式在收敛区间端点x??1成立。
现将②式两边同乘
1?xx
2
得
1?xx22?arctanx?(1?x)?n?0?(?1)n?2n?1?2nx2n??2n?1xn?0n?1(?1)n2n???n?0(?1)xn2n?22n?1
??n?0(?1)n2n?1?x??n?1(?1)2n?11x2n
?1??(?1)n[n?112n?1?2n?1]x2n
(?1)22n ?1??x,x?[?1,1x]?,21?4nn?1?n 0.上式右端当x?0时取值为1,于是
(?1)22n??xx,??[ f(x)?12n?11?4n??n1, 1].上式中令x?1?
?1?4nn?1(?1)n2?12[f(1)?1]?12[2??4?1]??4?12.
?11、将函数f(x)?2?x(?1?x?1)展成以2为周期的傅里叶级数,并由此求级数?n?112n的和。
【分析与求解】 按傅氏系数公式,先求f(x)的傅氏系数an与bn。 因f(x)为偶函数bn?0(n?1,2,3?). an?
11
2l?l0f(x)cosn?lxdxl?12?(2?x)cosn?dx
01?4?cosn?xdx?012n??10xdsinn?x??2n??10sinn?xdx?2n?22cosn?x10?2n?22?4??2n[(?1)?1]??(2k?1)??0,?12,n?2k?1,n?2k.(n?1,2,?)
a0?2?(2?x)dx? 5.0注意到f(x)在[?1,1]分段单调,连续且f(?1)?f(1),于是有傅氏展开式
5 f(x)?2?x?2????n?141(2n?1)2?2cos(n2??1x)x??,?? 1,1.为了求?n?11n2的值,上式中令x?0得
2??52?4??2?(2n?1)n?1?1?2,即
?(n?112n?1)?2??2.
81?, ?221)n?14n1?现由
?n?11n2?1????2n?1?(2n?1)1???2(n2?)?n?11(n?2?
34??nn?112??2?8,?nn?112??62.
12、将函数f(x)?x?1(0?x?2)展开成周期为4的余弦级数。
【分析与求解】这就是将f(x)作偶延拓后再作周期4的周期延拓,于是得f(x)的傅氏系数:
bn?0(n?1,2,3?). an?2l?2l0f(x)cosn?xldxl?2?20(x?1)cos2n?n?2n?2xdx xdx
?n??20(x?1)dsinn?2x???n20sin ?4n?2cos2n?22x0?4n?2((?1)?1) 2?8??2 =?(2k?1)??0,?2,n?2k?1,n?2k,k?1,2,3?
12
a0?2?220f(x)dx??20(x?1)dx?122(x?1)20?0.
由于(延拓后)f(x)在??2,2?分段单调、连续且f(?1)?f(1).于是f(x)有展开式
8? f(x)??
??2?(2n?1)n?112cos(2n?1)?2x,x??0,2?.
13、求幂级数?n?11?3n?(?2)n?n??1?0,x的收敛区间,并讨论该区间端关处的收敛性。
n解:设an??3?(?2)?n??nnn?1,2,?,
limx??an?1an?limx???3?(?2)?n???3?n?1nn?(?1)n?1?(n?1)??limx??131?(?1?(?2323))n?n?113
?R?3 ?收敛区间(?3,3).
当x?3时,an?3n?3n?(?2)n?n???11?(?23)n?1n?12n
?而?n?112n发散?原级数在x?3处发散。
nnnnn当x??3时,an?1(?3)n?3?(?2)?n???(?1)n?2n3?(?2)?1n
记Vn??3n?(?2)n?n???0,n?1,2,?,
Vn?1VN?23n?1n?1n?1?(?2)?3?(?2)2nnn,n?231?(?1?(?2323))n?n?1nn?1n
?n?????23??1 ??3n?12nnn?(?2)?1n?收敛,又?n?1(?1)n收敛。
故原级数在x??3处收敛?收敛域内??3,3).
13
14、将函数f(x)?x2?x?x2展开成x的幂级数。
分析 先将f(x)分解成部分分式,再利用等比级数间接展开。 解:f(x)?n(2?x)(x?1)?21?11?13(11?x2?11?x),
32?x31?x
11?x2????n?012x,?2?x?2, nn11?x??(?1)n?0nx,?1?x?1.
n1??1n?f(x)???nx?3?n?02?1(?1)x???n?0?3nn???n?0?1n?n?(?1)?2n?x,?1?x?1. ??
15、将函数f(x)?arctan1?2x1?2x?展开成x的幂级数,并求级数?n?0(?1)n2n?1的和。
分析 直接展开较困难,先将f?(x)展开,再递项积分得出f(x)的展开式 解 f?(x)?1?(?n2n11?2x1?2x)2??2(1?2x)?2(1?2x)(1?2x)2??21?4x2
?nn2n??2?(?1)(4x)??2?(?1)4xn?0n?0,?12n?x?12
f(x)?f(0)??nx0f?(t)dt??4??2?(?1)4n?0n?x0tdt
2n??4??2?n?0(?1)2n?1??4xn2n?1
当x?12时,?n?0(?1)n2n?1??4?n122n?1??21?(?1)nn?02n?112?收敛 (莱布尼兹判别法)
当n??12时,?n?0(?1)n2n?1(?1)n?4?n(?1)22n?12n?1???n?0(?1)n2n?1收敛
?f(x)??4??2?n?02n?1?4?xn2n?1?11?,x???,?
?22? 14
?又f(1(1)n2)??4??ctan0?0
n?02n?1?ar?n??(?1)?n?02n?1?4.
?2n?116、求幂级数?(?1)n?1x的收敛域及和函数x).
n?1n(2n?1)s(解:求收敛域,由于该幂级数缺项幂级数,则直接用比值判别法求之,u?1)n?1x2n?1n(x)?(n(2n?1),n?1,2?
x2n?3 limun?1(x)n(2n?1)x??un(x)?limx??(n?1)(2n?1)?x2
x2n?1当x2?1,即x?1时,原级数绝对收敛; 当x2?1,即x?1时,原级数发散。
所以原级数的收敛半径为1,收敛区间是(?1,1).
?n?1当x?1时,?(?1)1n?1n(2n?1)绝对收敛(?n(2n?1)?1n2)
?同理,当x??1时,?(?1)nn?1n(2n?1)绝对收敛,
因此,该级数的收敛域为??1,1?
?S(x)??(?1)n?1x2n?1n?1n(2n?1),x???1,1?
?17、求幂级数?(?1)n?1(1?1n(1)的收敛区间与和函数f(x)。
n?1n(2n?1))x2解:此级数(1)是缺项的幂级数
令u)?(?1)n?11n(2n?1)?1n(x(1?1n(2n?1))xn?n(2n?1)x2n,n?1,2?,
15
设