discharging, etc.) . Vessels and coast-stations can communicate by means of Radio Telephony, Satellite, Digital Selective Calling (DSC) and Radio-Telex. Categories of messages that can be transmitted and received are called ?priorities?. They indicate the important of the message. A DISTRESS ALERT indicates that there is serious and immediate danger for vessel, crew and passengers. A Distress Alert is also referred to as a ?MAYDAY?. An URGENCY message indicates that there is serious danger for vessel, crew and passenger. An Urgency Message is also referred to as a ?PAN PAN? message. A SAFETY message indicates that there is imminent risk for navigation. A Safety Message is also referred to as a ?SECURITE? message. A ROUTINE message is transmitted to ensure safe navigation. Routine messages refer to intership communication, exchange of data in port operations, communication between ships and Vessel Traffic Services, inshore radar stations, pilot stations, bridges and locks. Passage23 A VHF-transceiver (transmitter + receiver) transmits and receives radio signals. The VHF is used to bridge short distances, is easy to operate and is allowed to be used both in territorial waters and inland waterways. Its receiver has a “push-to-talk button”. If the installation is a “simplex” radio, speaking and listening cannot be done simultaneously. When you wish to speak, you push the button; when you wish to listen, you release it. Before changing from speaking to listening, you say “over”. VHF radio-communication can bridge about 40 miles. MF-or-HF radiotelephony is used to bridge 150 miles (MF) to 2000 miles (HF). Reception of radio signals will not always be of high quality, and coverage will not always extend to the desired areas. This may of course have consequences for the safety of the vessel and her crew. These disadvantages of communication through speech have led to the introduction of Digital Selective Calling in maritime communication. Passage 24 Weather-conditions have a great influence on the safety during a voyage and should always be taken into consideration in voyage-planning and when underway. The state of the atmosphere is determined by various
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[??????????] adv.最后, 终于 preferably [??????????] adv.更适宜 ; pertain to v.属于, 关于,; projector [??????????] n.放映机 meteorological elements, such as temperature, humidity, cloudiness and fog, forms of precipitation, barometric pressure, and speed and direction of wind. All these elements may be referred to as “the weather”. Humidity refers to the amount of water vapour in the air. Warm air is capable of containing a higher grade of moisture, or humidity, than cold air. The maximum amount of moisture that air can hold at a specific temperature is known as “saturation “. Most clouds are the result of a rising mass of cool air .When the temperature of air falls, water vapour in the air will condense into droplets or ice crystals, thus forming clouds or fog. Passage 25 Goods commercially transported by merchant ships include those: A. Transported in bulk as solids, liquids or gas. B. General cargo packaged in boxes, drums and other such containers. The carriage of cargoes is what keeps the merchant ship running. Cargoes bring freight and this means we have an obligation to deliver the cargo in the same condition in which we received it. The contract of carriage , by whatever name it is called , is binding on the ship and the ships officers (as the ship owner?s representative ) who are given the responsibility to the load , handle , stow , carry , keep , care for and discharge the goods carried in accordance with the normal practice of the trade . The process of carriage of various cargoes has been developed over the years by the shippers and the carriers. These processes take into account the nature, size and properties of cargo. Sometimes the ships were adapted to the cargo and at other times the cargoes got adapted to the ship. This development continues even today. Most specialized ships such as bulk carriers carrying bulk cargoes like gain , tankers carrying liquefied petroleum gases , chemicals , petroleum products , fruit juices , vegetable oil are still developing size as well as in sophistication and automation . Similarly containers are where cargoes got adapted to the ship. Passage 26 Proceed to muster station to find out the type of emergency. Upon being intimated about the nature of emergency, stand by as per duty assigned to you and indicated in the ship?s procedures. If you are on deck, shout“Man Overboard”. Try to attract attention of the bridge as an action of top priority if the ship is
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making way. Throw nearest lifebuoy at the man in water. Even an ordinary lifebuoy thrown in time might save his life. More people know about the man being overboard the better,especially if the ship is moving. This is because a sharp lookout right from the initial stage is very inportant. Lookout must be maintained from a high position,say navigational bridge. In busy areas,it?s most important that you don?t collide with other ships. In restricted waters, it is most important that you don?t run aground.Inform Master and call additional hands to stand by and on forward station by sounding emergency alarm. Inform engine room.Switch on NUC signal(three red lights),even in daytime,hoist day signals subsequently. Passage 27 Most fires are small to start with and can often to be extinguished by rapid application of a portable extinguisher or other appliance. Where it is possible to do this without risk of becoming trapped by flames or smoke, the person discovering the fire should take such action AFTER sending someone else to raise the alarm. Greater caution is necessary where smoke is seen passing a closed door. Opening the door could cause the fire to flare up and spread rapidly making it impossible to close the door again. This action should therefore be avoided unless it is believed that there may be someone trapped inside in which case the door should only be opened after first feeling it make sure it is not hot, and then keeping low and opening it very carefully. If the compartment is thought to be unoccupied or if the door is hot, it is much safer to keep it closed until the Emergency Squad are ready with charged hoses. Passage 28 Port State Control is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international regulations and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with these rules Many of IMO?s most important technical conventions contain provisions for ships to be inspected when they meet IMO requirements. These inspections were originally intended to be a back up to flag state implementation, but experience has shown that they can be extremely effective, especially if organized on a regional basis. A ship going to a port in one country will normally visit other countries in the region before embarking on its return
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voyage and it is to everybody?s advantage if inspections can be closely coordinated. Passage 29 The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code ) is a comprehensive set of measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities, developed in response to the perceived threats to ships and port facilities in the wake of the 9/11 attacks in the United States. The ISPS Code is implemented through chapter XI-2 Special measures to enhance maritime security in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS ). The Code has two parts, one mandatory and one recommendatory. In essence, the Code takes the approach that ensuring the security of ships and port facilities is a risk management activity and that, to determine what security measures are appropriate, an assessment of the risks must be made in each particular case. Passage30 Portable extinguishers are carried to the fire area for a fast attack. However, they contain a limited supply of extinguishers agent . This needs to be taken into account, and other measures also launched at the same time. However , many a times , using the portable extinguisher controls the spread and saves the day . The portable extinguishers are handy and are distributed near the likely seats of fire .However , as fire extinguishing agent is quickly expelled from the extinguisher continuous application can be sustained for only a minute or less. For this reason , it is extremely important to back up the extinguisher with a hose line. If the extinguisher does not have the capacity to put the fire out completely ,the hose line can be used to finish the job. A crewman who is using an extinguisher cannot advance a hose line at the same time, so the alarm be must be sounded as soon as a fire is fire is discovered, to alert the ship?s personnel to the situation.
第二题 口述题 （20分×1题）
第1章 公共用语
1．Please say something about your hometown.
a) The geographical position, population, and features of your hometown. b) The environment and customs of your hometown.
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c) The specialties of your hometown.
My hometown is located in the southeast part of China. It is a seashore city.
There are 3 million people in my hometown. My hometown is developing very fast.
The environment in my hometown is very good. People keep their traditional customs.
Fishery industry is important to my hometown.
It is a major fishery products providing place in China.
Nowadays, my hometown has rapid development in tourism.
Thousands of tourists from different parts of China and other countries visit my hometown. And people?s living standard has been improved greatly. I am very proud of my hometown.
2. Please say something about yourself.
a) Your name, age, rank, working experiences, hobbies. b) Your daily work..
c) Your spare time activities.
My name is____________. I am_________ years old.
I am from_________ province.
I am a student majoring in navigation in Guangzhou Maritime College. I will graduate in the year _______.
I go to class to learn some navigational subjects from Monday to Friday. In the evening, I usually review my lessons. Sometimes, I go to downtown to buy something.
During my spare time, I usually read novels or do some sports. I like playing basketball and football very much. Life at school is interesting to me.
I will work hard to master the basic navigational knowledge and skills. I am confident that I will become a qualified seafarer in the future.
3. Say something about your family. a) Members of your family. b) Their occupations.
c) Their hobbies and characteristics.
There are _____ people in my family.
My grandpa, grandma, father, mother, brother, sister and me.
My father is a worker( farmer, teacher, doctor, company staff, government staff, seafarer) My mother is a ___________.(housewife)
They work very hard to support my education at school. I am very thankful to them.
My father likes reading newspaper very much.(watching TV, playing cards)
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