大学英语四级考试专项辅导 作文部分
5. … is also /partly/ solely/ chiefly responsible for the problem.
6. It is no easy job to identify the reason for… which involves several complicated factors. For some… For others…
7. A number of factors could account for/ lead to/contribute to/result in/ be conductive to…
8. This problem may result from/ be attributable to/ be largely due to/ stem from a combination of factors. 9. The explanation for this phenomenon involves many complex reasons. For one thing,… For another… 10. Some people may think that … is to blame for this problem, but its causes go still/ far deeper. 11. It will exert a far-reaching /profound impact/ influence/ effect on… 12. Admittedly, it may create /give rise to /bring about a host of problems. 13. There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.
提出解决方法的常用句式
1. The first key factor to solve this problem is … Another key factor is…
2. People have found many solutions / approaches to dealing with this problem. 3. We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis.
4. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some help. 5. Faced with.., we should take a serious of effective measures to cope with the situation.
6. It is high time that…. Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately. 7. Obviously, if we ignore/ are blind to this problem, the chances are that/ it is most likely that/ there is every chance that … will be put in jeopardy.
8. We need to take a fresh/ clear look at this matter/ situation in a new perspective/ from a wider standpoint. Otherwise, we won’t come anywhere near solving it.
9. It is essential/ indispensable that proper actions/ effective measures should be taken to reverse this situation/trend.
10. It is hoped/ suggested that considerable/great efforts should be directed to/focus on…
11. There is no easy/immediate solution/ approach to the issue of…, but… might be beneficial/ helpful. 12. No effective/ simple solution can be at hand/ in sight to resolve/ tackle the problem of… But the general awareness of the importance of… might be the first step in the right direction.
三. 说明利弊型论说文结构模式
描述某一现象(事物)……分析其优点……分析其缺点……我的态度或看法
写作要领: 在分别说明某一现象(事物)的优点或缺点时,切忌凌乱,一定要有条理.可以使用一些过渡词或词组,如firstly, secondly, finally; For one thing,… for another,… 在文章最后一段表明自己的态度或看法时,考生最好给出相应的理由或者提出更好的方法以减少某现象(事物)可能带来的负面效应. 说明利弊型论说文常用句型 (可背诵，供写作时模仿) 说明事物优点的常用句式
1. There are several advantages in/of .. The first/ biggest advantages is that…
2. Nothing / Few things can equal/ match with / be compared with … in terms of…
3. For all/ In spite of / Despite the disadvantages/ side effects, it has its compensating advantages/ beneficial effects.
4…. has a positive impact/ influence/ effect on people’s lives. 5…. is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives.
说明事物缺点的常用句式
1. However, …, just like anything else, has its negative side as well. 2. Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored. 3. However, it still has some drawbacks.
4. However, just as everything has two sides, … also has many disadvantages.
5. However, may also cause/ bring about/lead to /result in/contribute to some problems. 6. However, it’s often blamed for its obvious defects.
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大学英语四级考试专项辅导 作文部分
7. Everything has two sides,… is no exception.
8. As the proverb goes, every coin has its two sides/ no garden without its weeds/ every medal has its reverse….is no exception.
9. However, the negative aspects are also apparent/ obvious/evident. To begin with,… To make matters worse, ... Worst of all,…
10.The side effects… has exerted on human beings can be boiled down to several major ones as follows. First,… Second,… In addition,…
说明事物利大于弊的常用句式
1. As to me, I think the advantages outweigh/ carry more weight than the disadvantages. 2. Anyway, I still believe … has more advantages than disadvantages. 3. But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.
4. The advantages of/ derived from… far outweigh/ are much greater than the disadvantages/ problems… entails.
四. 阐述主题型论说文的结构模式
1) 格言成语: 揭示蕴意…..以例证展开论证…..结论(号召或建议) 2) 一种现象…. 分析其中原因……我的看法(前景预测或评价) 3) 引出主题…..我的观点…..总论
考生在举例说明谚语或格言所包含的道理时,要保证例证的说服力,以及多个例证的有机连接时,切忌简单地罗列几个简单的例子.一般最重要、典型的例子放在最前面以引起读者的兴趣。
写作模板
1．Argumentation型题 1） some, others, I 型 （1）模板一
There is no consensus among the people as to the view of _________ (主题). Some people hold the idea that _______________________ (观点A). A case in point is that _______________________ (支持观点A的例子).
On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. According to them,
________________________ (观点B). The most typical example is that _________________________ (支持观点B的例子).
Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is more convincing. （2）模板二
___________ (主题) is a common occurrence in our lives. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people tend to ______________ when they are asked _________________ (观点A) because _______________________ (支持观点A的原因). The most typical example is that ____________________________ (支持观点A的例子).
However, others argue that ________________________ (观点B). They point out that
_______________________ (重申观点B) for the reason that _______________ (支持观点B的原因). As far as I am concerned, I will choose to __________________ (你的观点) because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief. 2） My View 型 （1）模板一
When asked about ______________ (主题), some people hold the idea that
_________________________ (观点A). As far as they are concerned, _________________________ (展
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大学英语四级考试专项辅导 作文部分
开观点A). But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion,
______________________________ (观点B). The reasons for my choice are listed as follows. In the first place, ___________________________ (支持观点B的理由1). In the second place,
______________________________ (支持观点B的理由2). In the third place, _________________ (支持观点B的理由3).
For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe ____________ (重申观点B).
the idea that ______________________________ (支持观点A的例子). And it may bring them _____________________________ (A带给他们的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,
_________________________ (我不同意的理由1). For another, _____________________________ (我不同意的理由2).
As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, I agree to the thought that ______________________________ (重申自己的观点). 3）利弊型 （1）模板一
Nowadays many people prefer __________ (主题) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one hand, ________________ (主题的优点1). On the other hand, ___________________ (主题的优点2).
But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ___________________ (主题的缺点1). To make matters worse, __________________________ (主题的缺点2).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects.
Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, ________ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society. （2）模板二
With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of ___________ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one.
There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. To start with, ________________________________ (原因1). Furthermore, ____________________________________ (原因2). Eventually, ______________________________________ (原因3).
Good as ____________ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that _______________________________ (缺点例子1). In addition, ________________________________________ (缺点例子2).
On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate __________ (主题现象) and make our life more comfortable.
万能句型
1）用于文章开头的语句 ?When asked about?1. ?When it comes to?Faced with???? ..., most/many people believe that ..., but other people ???regard ... as ... ?consider it differently.?
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大学英语四级考试专项辅导 作文部分
2. When it comes to ..., people's opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that ..., while others claim that ...
?role???3. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the ?view? of .... Some people claim that ...,
?idea???while others believe that ....
4. There is a general discussion today about the ??issue??of .... Those who criticize ... argue that ....
problem??They believe that ... But people who advocate ..., on the other hand, argue that ....
5. Most people are of the opinion that .... But I personally believe that .... 6. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that .... 7. Now, it is generally acknowledged that ..., but I doubt whether ....
真题回顾
1． 1999年6月全国大学英语四六级考试作文题（对立观点型论说文，另有1992.1, 1995.1,1998.6, 2000.6作文均属此类）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words，and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有人认为读书要有选择 2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的看法
范文：
Reading Selectively or Extensively?
When it comes to the issue of reading selectively or extensively, different people have different
opinions. It is held by some people that one should read selectively. But it is also believed by other people that one should read extensively.
Those who hold the first opinion think that one’s time and energy are limited and one can never read as many books as he wishes. In contrast, those who hold the second view think that to know the world from all perspectives one should absorb a variety of knowledge by reading extensively.
As to me, I agree with the former opinion. Admittedly, one can absorb more knowledge by reading extensively, but it doesn’t follow that one should read without discrimination. As one’s time and energy are limited, one should devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. It’s a waste time to read irrelevant books. Furthermore, some books are harmful to one’s mind. If we don’t read books selectively, we will be led astray by harmful books.
2.1996年6月全国大学英语四六级考试作文题（问题解决型论说文,另有1992.6,1997.6,2000.1,2001.1作文均属此类）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Global Shortage of Fresh Water. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 人们以为淡水是取之不尽的 (提示：雨水、河水、井水......)
2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的 (提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染......) 3. 我们应该怎么办
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大学英语四级考试专项辅导 作文部分
范文：
Global Shortage of Fresh Water
Many people believe that the world’s supply of fresh water will never be used up. They think that fresh water comes from such a variety of sources that it is always sufficient for use. Such an opinion leads to a shocking waste of water.
As a matter of fact, the earth is short of fresh water. Furthermore, with the rapid growth of the world’s population, the rising demand for water by industry, and the serious pollution of our surroundings, the world is facing the danger of running out of fresh water. Actually, in some big cities, fresh water cannot meet the daily needs.
Therefore, to find new ways to save water is an urgent task. First, we should pass strict laws to control any waste of water. Second, scientists must work even harder to purify sea water and polluted water, and try to find substitutes to reduce the use of fresh water.
3．1998年1月全国大学英语四级考试作文题(说明利弊型论说文,另有1993.1, 1995.6作文均属此类) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象？ 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。
范文：
Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
In recent years, a lot of fake commodities have appeared in the market. These fake commodities have done great harm to the consumers and the society.
Since the policy of reform was implemented, China’s economy has improved. A lot of people getting richer and their living conditions are getting better. But still some of them are not satisfied. They dream of getting rich overnight and living a heavenly life, which, of course, is impossible to achieve by fair means. So they risk breaking the law to produce the market take commodities.
Once these fake commodities enter the market, they will do immeasurable harm to the society. The direct victims are the consumers. As the quality of the fake commodities is always very poor, the consumers may suffer great losses. Certain fake commodities, such as food and medicine, will cause
irreparable harm to the health and well-being of the consumers. Fake commodities also cut into the profits of the brand-name-owners. Since the fake ones are cheaper, people tend to be reluctant to buy the genuine one
图表作文
图表作文的命题形式是提供标题、图表，有时还提供段落提纲，要求考生通过解读图表，对图表中所隐含的信息进行描述、分析、说明，使所写的短文在标题规定的内容范围内采用对比对照的方式或反映某种趋势或揭示某种现象。图表作文实际上是以图表为载体给予情景提示，所以可以理解为一种特殊形式的情景作文，和标准情景作文相比，在审题时增加了读图的步骤。图表作文的命题目的并不是简单考查考生描述图表表面内容的水平，而更重于测试考生分析问题，即对图表深层含义领会挖掘的能力及阐述能力。
图表一般有两种形式，一种是统计表，另一种是统计图如曲线图、柱形图和饼形图。图表作文的体裁以说明文和描写文为主。
图表作文的写作方法
1．仔细观察研究图表内容，包括图表的文字说明部分和图表中的具体数据部分，以弄清图表所试图反映的趋势、问题或现象。
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