如:A:Nice to meet you! What?s your name.please?
B:Nice to meet you,too! My name is Mike.
(3)A:Are you Linda? 你是琳达吗?
B:Yes,I am.是的,我是。或No,I'm not.I'm Kim.不.我不是。我是金。
“Are you….?” “你是……吗?”这一句型不宜随便乱用,应用在知道对方的名字有可能就是你所问的这一个.以希望对方核实一下时。如果对方回答“不是”时,应向对方作适当的道歉,以示自己认错人了。常用“I'm sorry”“对不起。”对“Are you…?” 这一句型的肯定回答为“Yes,I am”“是的,我是。”否定回答为“No,I'm not.不,我不是。”
如:a. A:Are you Zhang Lei?
B:No,I'm not. A:I'm sorry.
b. A:Are you Li Xue? B:Yes,I am.
(4) A:What?s his/her name? 她叫什么名字?
B:His/Her name is Li Qiang/Chen Wei. 他/她叫李强/陈薇。
如果你想知道某一个人的名字时,你可以直接问一下对方,可直接用“What?s his/her name?…他/她叫什么名字?” 对方回答用:“His/Her name is…”“他/她叫…--·”。
如:A:Li Png! What?s her name? B:Her name is Wang Xiaohang.
21.How do you spell pen? 你怎样拼写pen这个单词?
how为“怎样”、“如何”之意,是一个特殊疑问词,一般回答特殊疑问句时,不用yes或no,需根据所提问的实际问题作具体的回答,一般需用一个陈述句或短语等回答。
如:A:How are you, Tom?
B:I'm fine
spell为拼写之意,即把某一个单词的字母构成从前至后表达出的动作过程。需向某人请教某个单词的拼写时.常用下面两个句型:
(1)Can you spell…? 你能拼写……吗?后跟需拼写的单词或指代该单词的代词that或it。此句型为一般疑问句,需先用“Yes”作肯定回答后,再进行拼写。如:a.A:Can you spell your family name?
B:Yes.G—R—E—E—N.Green b· A:What is that,please? B:It?s a book. A:Can you spell that?
B:Yes.B—double O—K.
拼写单词,用书面表达时,将该单词的字母用大写形式写出来,中间用连字符号“一”(占半格)相连,如果某一单词中前后两个字母相同时,用“double+该字母”表达出来。
(2)How do you spell…?你如何拼-…?
如:A:Mr Wu, how do you spell dictionary?
B:D—I—C—T—I—O—N—A—R—Y.
22.Excuse me和I’m sorry的区别运用
(1)Excuse me“对不起”;“打扰一下”。用于有某问题要请教别人或有某事要与别人商谈等,需打断别人思路,麻烦到别人时。别人听到“Excuse me.”后,常回答“Yes?”
如:a. A:Excuse me.
B:Yes? (读升调,表示“有什么事吗?”之意)
b. A:Excuse me,how do you spell this word(单词)“pencil”?
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B:P—E—N—C—I—L.pencil.
(2)I'm sorry “很抱歉”;“对不起”。多用在说话者犯了某一错误或做了不恰当的事,需向对方“道歉”时。“I?m sorry”也可以直接说成“Sorry.”,意思一样。
如:a. I'm sorry.Mr. Wu. I?m late.
b. A:Hi! Are you Li Xiaohua? B:No,I'm not.
A:Oh,sorry.You look like a friend of mine.(你看起来很像我的一个朋友。)
23.Here is my family photo.这是我全家的照片!
本句是一个倒装句,其正常语序为“My family photo is here”。
在英语中,以here,there引导的句子常用倒装句式。here,there置于句首起强调作用。 当主语为名词时,用完全倒装句式,其基本结构:Here/There +be/其他动词+名词或名词短语。例如:Here is a bus.这儿有一辆公交汽车/来了一辆公交车。
当主语为代词时常用不完全倒装形式:Here/There+主语(人称代词)+be动词等。be的单复数取决于前面主语的单复数。例如:There they are.他们在那儿。 24.How are you? 你好吗?
这是一个见面打招呼时的常用问候语,用于询问对方的身体状况。答语常为“I'm fine,thank you”或“Fine,thank you.”等。询问第三人称时,只需将主语和be动词相应替换即可。例如:A:how is your mother? 你妈妈好吗?
B:she is fine,thank you. 她很好,谢谢你。
【辨析】How are you? How do you do? 与 Nice to meet you “How are you?” 常用于人们相互询问身体情况的情景中,回答通常为:“Fine,thank you”。fine是I'm fine的省略形式,口语中常用fine表示“身体好”。
“How do you do?” 意为“你好”。是初次相见时比较正式而庄重的问候语,回答也用“How do you do?”表达肯定的意思。
“Nice to meet you.”相当于“Glad to meet you.”,意为“很高兴认识你”。常用于两人初次见面时的寒喧,或经过介绍相识后的寒喧,回答通常为:Nice to meet you,too. 25.Let’s play basketball.让我们打篮球吧。
“Let's+做某事”是一个常用的祈使句型。常用于提出意见或邀约别人一起去做某事时。Let's为Let和us的缩写形式,let为“让”之意,us为“我们”之意,是“we”的宾格形式。在句中动词之后用到的人称代词,一般要用宾格形式。
如:a. A:Tom,let?s play football.
B:That sounds good.Let's go(让我们走吧)! b. A:Let?s play sports.
B:Oh.no.That sounds boring.
26.show v.&n.
(1)用作动词,意为“展示;出示;给…看”,show sb. sth.= show sth。to sb. 给某人看某物。例如: Mary shows me her holiday photos/Mary shows her holiday photos to me.玛丽给我看了她度假时拍的照片。Show sb. around意为“带某人参观”。例如:Wu Dong shows me around the school吴东带我参观那所学校。
(2)show用作名词,表示“演出;表演;节日”之意,这时是可数名词。 例如:a very popular television show. 一个非常受欢迎的电视节目 What do you think of sports show? 你们认为体育类节目怎么样? 【拓展】show off炫耀;卖弄。例如:show off one?s knowledge. 27. enjoy vt. 喜欢;享受…的乐趣; 欣赏。其基本用法有:
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(1)后接名词或代词 enjoy sth. 例如:They enjoy their time in China. The book isn?t interesting, and Alice doesn?t enjoy it.
后接动词的-ing形式,enjoy doing sth. 例如: I enjoy listening to the light music. (2)后接反身代词,构成固定搭配enjoy oneself,意为“过得愉快,玩得高兴”,相当于 have a good time, have fun. 例如:Enjoy yourself at the party.
【拓展】enjoyment n.享乐;快乐;享受。
例如: he is such a person who thinks only of enjoyment.
Enjoyable adj.令人愉快的,可享受的。 例如: He had an enjoyable time.
【抢分必记】英语中有些动词只能用名词或动名词作宾语,而不能用不定式,常见的有:enjoy喜欢, finish完成, mind介意, give up放弃, practise练习, excuse原谅, can?t help不禁,忍不住. pardon原谅, miss错过, face面对. 28. buy 和 sell 的基本用法
(1)buy v.买;购买 例如: I often buy food at the shop.
buy….from….. “向……购买” 例如:She wants to buy some books from the bookshop. buy…. for…… “给…..买…..,把…….买给…….” 例如:My mother wants to buy a T-shirt for me. (2)sell v.卖;出售, 与 “buy”成反义词关系. 例如: The shop sells clothes. It doesn?t sell food sell….to…. “把…..卖给…..”
例如: The man often sells bad food to the students.
(3)buy/sell sth. At/for+价格 “以…的价格买/卖 (某商品)” 。 “at”和“for”都有“以…..”之意。后跟具体的价钱, 表示“以…..的价格”之意。二者可换用。
如:You can buy a nice sweater at/for six dollars. I want to sell my bike at/for eighty yuan. 29.kind
(1)n.种类。一般与of连用构成“...kind of”短语,of后接名词。a kind of一种;all kinds of各种各样的。例如:I like that kind of book.我喜欢那类书。
What kind of animals do you like? 你喜欢哪种动物?
kind of表示程度,其后接形容词,意为“有点儿,有几分”。
例如:She feels kind of tired.她感到有点累。It's kind of shy.So please be quiet 它有点害羞,所以请保持安静。
(2)adj. 友好的;体贴的。表示“对某人/物友好”时,kind后接to.
例如: be kind to animals.爱护动物 You?re so kind to me.你对我真是太好了。 30.join vt.结合;联合;参加;加入。
例如:The two pieces of wood are joined together with nails(钉子).
He joined the army when he was l6. 他参军时刚l6岁。
【辨析】join,take part in与join in三者都有“加入”之意,但用法有别。
join意为“加入某一组织、党派或社会团体,从而成为其中一员(become a member of)”。例如:He joined the army after he finished middle school.中学毕业后他就参军了。It is ten years since his father joined the Party. 他爸爸入党l0年了。
同义词组be on或be in。
例如:Then you can be in our team.那么你可以加入我们队。
join也可用于表示“参与某一群体活动”,其后接表示人的群体名词或代词,之后常接“in+名词或动词-ing形式”。
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例如:Will you join us in the game?你乐意加入我们的游戏中来吗? I joined them in planting trees last week.上周我加入了他们的植树活动。
take part in指“参加(参与)某项工作、活动、运动或事件,并在其中起一定作用”。例如:He took part in the l000 metres race yesterdav昨天他参加了l000米接力赛。 Did you take part in the meeting yesterday? 你昨天参加会议了吗?
join in多指参加正在进行的活动,如竞赛、娱乐、谈话等。其后只能接表示活动的名词。例如:She joined in the English competition and won the first prize.她参加了英语竞赛并得了一等奖。
They were invited to join in the football match.他们被邀请参加了足球赛。 31.movie及相关词汇、短语归纳
(1)movie电影,可数名词,是对电影的总称,构成复数形式后加“s”,即movies。常见表电影种类的名词有:
comedy,喜剧 复数形式为:comedies: thriller,恐怖电影 复数形式为:thrillers:
documentary,纪录片 复数形式为:doeumentaries: actionmovie,功夫片 复数形式为:actionmovies。
(2)go to movies,去看电影 go to a movie,去看一部电影
movie为可数名词,表示去看电影时,movie作单数形式用时前要加冠词“a”。如用复数形式时,则什么也不用加。
如:The young man often goes to movies/a movie.
(3)see a movie看一部电影 ; see a comedy看一部喜剧 ; see action movies看功夫片。
“看电影”的“看”习惯用“see”。注:movie.comedy,thriller,documentary和action movie都是可数名词。在句中运用时,作单数形式用时,前要加有冠词a或an,如作复数形式时则什么都可不加。这两种结构都表示某一类别,即某一类事物之意。
如:I want to see a thriller and an action movie. They often see an action movie on weekends. 32..have意思用法知多少
have的意思较多,有“有”、“吃”、“喝”、“上课”、“做、进行(活动)”等意。has为have的第三人称单数形式。
(1)have/has.拥有 如:Mr.Wang has a nice car. The children(孩子们)have a good English teacher.
(2)have/has,吃;喝。后跟随三餐名词或食物名词,相当于eat(吃)或drink(喝)。 如:We often have lunch at twelve thirty everyday.(have吃,相当于eat) Does your sister usually have milk? (have,喝,相当于drink) have.(食物) for… (某一餐)某餐吃……
如:My father usually has rice,chicken and vegetables for supper. I don?t have hamburgers or eggs for breakfast.
(3)have/has,上(课)。have/has后跟表科目的名词,表示“上?课”之意。 如:We have Chinese,English,math,science on Sunday morning. She has art on Tuesday afternoon.
Have a class/lesson上一节课,上课。class和lesson都有“课”之意。二者可换用。 如: have an English class/lesson上一节英语课 Have six math classes/lessons上六节数学课
They have six Chinese classes/lessons every week.
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(4)have/has,做;进行。have/has后跟有sports(运动),party(晚会),game/match(比赛)等名词时,表示“做”、“进行”等意。相当于“do”“take”或“play”等动词。
如:have sports,进行体育运动,相当于“do sports”或“play sports”; have a match,进行比赛,相当于“take a match”;have a party,开晚会,相当于“take a party”; have a look,看一看。
如:The old man has sports everyday. We want to have a party on Saturday. 33.介词at,in,on与表时间名词的搭配
(1)at,在…… 表示在几点几分或某个不长的时间范围(如:at the moment)及在一天中的正午(noon)和夜晚(night)等时使用。
如:at six o'clock,在6点钟;at this time,在这个时候;at noon,在正午;at night,在夜晚。
(2)in,在…… 表示在长一点的时间范围,如:季节,某年, 某月,某个时代等及在一天中的上午(morning)、下午(afternoon)和傍晚(evening)等时使用。
如:in spring,在春季;in April 2006,在2006年4月;in the morning,在早上;in the afternoon,在下午;in the evening,在傍晚。
(3)on,在…… 表示在某一天,如在星期几,在几月几日,包括在具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上等用on.
如:on Sunday,在星期天;on Sunday morning.在星期天早上;on July l8th,在7月l8日:on a cold night,在一个寒冷的夜晚。 34.How much 多少;多少钱
(1)how much,“(价格)多少”,“多少钱”之意。用于询问商品等的价格的多少,一般用“how much”。基本句型结构为:How much+is/are+某商品? “某商品多少钱”之意。当商品为一件时,be动词用“is”,此时对该句型回答用:It?s+钱数。
如: A: How much is the black hat? B:It?s one dollar.
(2)当商品为若干件时,即特殊疑问句主语为复数名词、代词,包括“and”连接两者时,be动词用are。此时对该句型回答用:They?re+钱数。
如:a. A:How much are those shoes?
B:They are eighty yuan.
b.A:How much are this T-shirt and this backpack? B:They are ﹩40.
附:句型“How much+is/are+某物?” 与“What is the price of+某物”表示的意思相同,后者意思为“某物的价格是多少?” 之意,对它回答用“It?s+钱数”。
如:A:How much is this green skirt? (同义句) → What is the price of this green skirt? B:How much are the pants?(同义句)→what is the price of the pants?(注:因句子主语为“the price”,故句中be动词用“is”) 35.How old几岁;多大年纪
how old,多大年纪;几岁。特殊疑问词短语,用于询问别人的年龄时使用。问某人多大年纪,常用句型:“How old+be +某人?”,“某人多大年纪?”之意。
如:a.你爷爷几岁啦? 译:How old is your grandfather?
b.A:How old is the girl?
B:She is sixteen years old.
表达“某人是儿岁”时,用句型:“sb.+be+基数词+years old”,即“某人是…岁”之意。“.years
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