4k?5k12解法二:同解法一求出D点坐标:x??2,y??21,?k1?0?,
5k1?45k1?41消去参数k1得D点的轨迹方程:4(x?)2?5y2?1,?y?0?,易知D点轨迹为一个椭圆(不含
21左右两个顶点),不妨记该椭圆为C0,显然直线l:2x?5y?1?0过点(?,0),易知直线l与
2椭圆C0相交,欲使D点到直线l的距离d最大,则椭圆C0过D点的切线l0必平行于直线l,
1此时直线l和l0的距离亦为d.设切线l0的方程为:2x?5y?c?0,联立4(x?)2?5y2?1及
22x?5y?c?0得:8x2?4(c?1)x?c2?0,于是??16(c?1)2?32c2?0,求得c?1?2,由于直线l和
22,即dmax?.
333(2)解法一: 设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),直线MA、MB的方程为:y?k1(x?1),y?k2(x?1),
l0平行,故易知此时均有d?c?1??y?k1x?110k12y?3x0?5?222222?(5k1?4)x?10k1x?5k1?20?0?x1?x0??2故由?xy,又k1?0?x1?, 5k?4x?1x?3??1100??54?y1??3x0?5?2y0y0?3x0?5?2y0,), (?1)?,即A(x0?3x0?3x0?1x0?3x0?3同理可求B(1kAF23x0?52y0y0y0,), 于是可求kAF2?,kBF1?, x0?3x0?32x0?42x0?4从而有?1kBF1?4x041
?,即存在??,满足题设. y0kOM4
解法二:设直线MA、F1B、F2A、MB的方程为:x?k1y?1,x?k2y?1,x?k3y?1,
x?k4y?1,由题设可知ki?0(i?1,2,3,4),由于上述四条直线两两相交,故ki互不相等,
k1?k4?x?k1?k4?k?k4?x?k1y?1?2?因直线MA、MB交于M点,由????M?1,?x?k4y+1?k1?k4k1?k4?y?2?k1?k4??k2?k4?k?k32?2?,,同理可求:A?1?, ?,B?k?kk?kk?kk?k?2424?313??1??, ?不妨设k2??k1,k3??k1,k4??k1,(显然非零实数?,?,?互不相等且均不为1), ?1????????1??222A(,),B,于是M?,,???, 1??(1??)k1??(1??)k???(???)k1?1??1?x2y2又M,A,B三点均在椭圆C:??1上,即有:
54高考模拟试题(理科数学)第 - 11 - 页 共 28 页
?2???????1????2??1????2???????(???)k??1????(1??)k??1????(1??)k????1?????1????1??1???③, ?1???①, ??1???②, ?545454?1?x??2????(1?x)k?1?x???1??1的两根, 对于①,②,可视实数?,?为关于x的方程:?5422222222即4x2?12x?4?5?0的两根,从而有?+?=3; k1222?x????2??x????(x??)k????1??1的两根, 对于①,③,可视实数1,?为关于x的方程:?54即4k12x2?12k12?x?4k12?2?5?0的两根,从而有1+?=3?,
进而有????2?2?,
(亦可由①-②化简得:?=3??,①-③化简得:??3??1,于是????2?2?),
11211易知kAF2??,kBF1??,kOM?,
k2?k1(1??)k1k3?k1从而
1kAF2?1kBF1?(???)k1?(2?2?)k1?4kOM,即存在??1,满足题设. 4 21.(本小题满分14分) 设函数f(x)=ln(x?1)?axx,(a?R);g(x)?(1?k)?kx?1,k?(?1,??). x?1(Ⅰ)求函数f(x)的单调区间; (Ⅱ)当x?[0,1]时,求函数g(x)的最大值;
(Ⅲ)设ai?0(i?1,2,???,n),(n?N*,且n?2),0?p?1,证明:
?ai?1nnpip??a??i??i?1??n11?p.
(原创)主要考查利用导数来研究函数性质(单调性,最值,极值),函数(主元)、化归、分类讨论及数形结合的数学思想(复杂问题如何使其简单化),探究、推理、分析的逻辑思维能力,命题灵感来源于数和形两个方面:(“数”以伯努利不等式为背景,“形”以指数函数和直线的位置关系为几何直观,即伯努利不等式的几何意义)
(命题意图)以伯努利不等式为背景考查利用导数来研究函数性质,函数(主元)、转化与化归、分类讨论及数形结合的数学思想,探究、推理、分析的逻辑思维能力,综合分析、解决问题并证明的能力,本题综合性较强,以期达到选拔优秀考生的功效,共7个知识点
高考模拟试题(理科数学)第 - 12 - 页 共 28 页
解析:(Ⅰ)显然f(x)的定义域为(?1,??),f?(x)=1a(x?1)?axx?1?a, ??22x?1?x?1??x?1?令f?(x)=0?x?a?1,
1?a?0时:ⅰ)当a?1??在区间(?1,??)上,f?(x)>0恒成立,故f(x)的增区间为(?1,??);
ⅱ)当a?1??1?a?0时:在区间(?1,a?1)上,f?(x)<0恒成立,故f(x)的减区间为(?1,a?1); 在区间(a?1,??)上,f?(x)>0恒成立,故f(x)的增区间为(a?1,??). (Ⅱ)ⅰ)k?0时,g(x)?0,所以g(x)max?0; ⅱ)k?0时,易知g?(x)?(1?k)xln(1?k)?k, 于是:g?(1)?(1?k)ln(1?k)?k,g?(0)?ln(1?k)?k, 由(1)可知g?(1)?0, 下证g?(0)?0, 即证明不等式ln(1?x)?x?0在x?(?1,0)(0,??)上恒成立.
(法一)由上可知:不等式ln(x?1)?若x?(?1,0)x在x?(?1,0)(0,??)上恒成立, x?1x1??1?(?1,0)(0,??), x?1x?1x?1xx?1??x, )?ln(1?)?故ln(xx?1x?1??1x?1(0,??),则?即当x?(?1,0)(0,??)时,ln(1)??x,从而ln(x?1)?x, x?1故当x?(?1,0)(0,??)时,ln(1?x)?x?0恒成立,即g?(0)?0.
1?x?1?,列表2如下: 1?x1?x(法二)令G(x)?ln(1?x)?x,x?(?1,??),则G?(x)?表2:
x G?(x) G(x) (?1,0) 0 0 极小值 (0,??) ? ? 高考模拟试题(理科数学)第 - 13 - 页 共 28 页
由表2可知:当x?(?1,0)(0,??)时,G(x)?G(0)?0,
即ln(1?x)?x?0恒成立,即g?(0)?0. 由于g?(1)?0,且g?(0)?0,
故函数g?(x)?(1?k)ln(1?k)?k区间(0,1)内必存在零点. 又当k?(0,??)时,ln(1?k)?0,
于是指数函数y?(1?k)为增函数?g?(x)为增函数, 同理当k?(?1,0)时,ln(1?k)?0,
于是指数函数y?(1?k)为减函数?g?(x)也为增函数, 于是,当k?(?1,0)xxx(0,??)时, g?(x)?(1?k)xln(1?k)?k必为增函数,
从而函数g?(x)在区间(0,1)内必存在唯一零点,不妨记为x0,则g?(x0)=0, 易知当x?(0,x0)时,g?(x)?0,此时g(x)单调递减; 当x?(x0,1)时,g?(x)?0,此时g(x)单调递增, 又易知g(0)?g(1)?0,故g(x)max?0;
综上,当k?(?1,??)时, g(x)在[0,1]上的最大值为0.
(Ⅲ)证法一:令a??ai?1ni??a?pinn, 显然有:
i?1?n???ai??i?1?p?n?p??a???a?pipii?1nn?n???ai??i?1??n?????p?i?1?a?p,n1?p?np?n,
?a则不等式
i?1nnpip??a?i???i?1?注意到:
?n1?p???a?pii?1n?a?p?n.
aip?a?p?0,且
paip?a?p?1,i?1,2,???,n,即
aia?1??1,且i?1?0, aa于是
aip?a?ppa?a??a???1?i?1??1?p?i?1??1?p?i,i?1,2,???,n,
a?a??a?高考模拟试题(理科数学)第 - 14 - 页 共 28 页
??a?pin故
i?1?a?ni?1pnpai???pai????1?p??n(1?p)??????n(1?p)?aa??i?1?i?1?nnp?aii?1na?n(1?p)?np?n,
??a?pi从而
?a?p11?p,又?n?n,即i?10?p?1?1?p??n1?p?n1?p, p1?p?n?a??i??i?1???a?pi1?a故原不等式
i?1nnpip??a?i???i?1??n11?p成立,证毕.
??a?pin证法二:同上可将不等式
i?1n??a??i??i?1???pnna??i即???n?pi?1????ai????i?1?pp?n1?p??a?pin化为:
i?1?a?p?ap??n???ip??n,
??i?1?a???n??nn??n,令nai?b,则等价于证明:当b?n时,有bp?n成立, ??iiin?i?1i?1ai???i?1?p又bi??1?bi?1??1?p?bi?1??1?p?pbi,
故
?bi?1nnpi???1?p?pbi??n(1?p)?p?bi?n(1?p)?pn?n,
i?1i?1nn于是
?bi?1pi?n,即
??a?pii?1n?n???ai??i?1?p?n1?p得证,
1又0?p?1?1?p??n1?p?n1?p11?p?a,故原不等式
i?1nnpip??a?i???i?1??n11?p成立,证毕.
高考模拟试题(理科数学)第 - 15 - 页 共 28 页