Reading Comprehension IBT TOFEL
? 插入语 删除 ? 状语
⒈ Adv 副词
⒉ Prep phrase 介词短语 ⒊ 分词短语 ⒋ 不定式 ⒌ 独立主格结构
注: 非谓语动词作状语其逻辑主语是句子的主语 小结区 每天4－5句划分句子结构。然后进行中文翻译。 不以得喜，不以失悲——以平和的 例1：Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor. techniques：方法 现在分词短语作状语 例2：A few collectors James Bowdoin Ⅲ of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamilton of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement. and 是并列关系， Vt+ prep+n1+n2 灰色部分为同位语，可直接删除 自由笔记区 ? 非简单句的障碍来源 如何拆解为若干个简单句的集合 按照什么顺序来理解拆解后的简单句集
? 非简单句的障碍解决方案 ? 关联词和主句专一原则 ? 关联词 连词
20 非简单句＝ MIT ?简单句i?1ni CIT 加州理工是一个严进严出的大学 5年ph.d 毕业的人是超人 6－7年终于毕业的是牛人 10年能毕业的是正常人 3年跑路的是聪明人 Reading Comprehension IBT TOFEL
关系代词
标点符号 ——冒号和句号
? 主句专一原则
任何一个简单句有且仅有一个主句(不带关联词) N个分句有且仅有N－1个句间关联词
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Reading Comprehension IBT TOFEL
? 句子之间的关联方式 ? 并列
? 并列连词的用法
并列连词的用法: 并列连词连接结构\\功能\\性质均相同的成分----必须完全对等 for and nor but or yet so
? 嵌套
? 常见的复杂句形式
①宾语从句----S+V+THAT+句子(完整句)
S+V+WHAT+句子(非完整句)，引导名词从句，相当于anything that
表语从句----S+系动词+表语+句子 ②主语从句----That /What+句子+ V
It + Vi + that +句子(完整句) It + be + adj +that +句子(完整句)
③特殊的定语/同位语从句
N+ that +句子+ 同位语(完整句) 定语从句(非完整句)
S + Vi + that+ 句子: The sun rises that is bright.
S + be + adj + that + 句子: The desk is clean that is used by the student(定语从句);
The fact is true that Tom is handsome(同位语从句).
④状语从句——注意引导词（条件if, 原因??.）
只有两种情况下跟的是非完整句——表示人称的关系代词或what引导的宾语从句
? 层次化句子阅读方法 ? 层次化结构的表示形式 任意非简单句都可以表示成层次化结构。 并列＋嵌套的树形结构
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Reading Comprehension IBT TOFEL
? 括号匹配法 ? 画左括号的条件 出现连接句子的关联词时： 1. (关联词＋非完整句 2. 关联词＋(完整句 ? 画右括号的条件 1.句子终结 －终结的标点符号(冒号，感叹号，分号) －后续内容与当前句无关 2.连接句子的并列连词之前或者 分号之前。( 第四讲上1 00 〃) 自由笔记区 确定阅读的顺序 many years, physicists thought that 例1：However, for (1atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously)1 and that (2stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker)2. 很多年来，物理学家想到了两件事：第一件事是原子 和分子很可能自发地发光，另一件事是受激发射可能 自由笔记区 例2. It appeared that (1Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families (2that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.)1)2 改正我们旧习惯会很痛苦 有一件事情出现了：加拿大又一次落入了想更小的家 但是坚持一段时间，你会发现进步 庭发展的趋势，而这种趋势从工业革命开始在整个西 方世界就曾经发生过 错误的方法也可以有一定效果 例3. The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct A or B，删除同位语从句 eras: (1the first began in the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century when (it was extended 2 recognized for the first time than (3food contained constituents (4that were essential for human function)4 )3and that (5different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents.)))521 When：在那个时候 例4. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact 食物包含一些对人类必需的成分 (that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly.) Spectacularly修饰的对象是undertaken 例5. The technique of direct carving was a break with the 23 定语：时间＋when＋事件－在那个事情 状语：When+时间，事件－当…时候 Reading Comprehension IBT TOFEL
? 完整信息链法
? 规则描述
小结：层次化的思想
1.用括号匹配的方法变成若干简单句的集合； 2.对于每一个简单句来说，任何一个简单句可以 变成基本句型和非主干成分。
前者可以直接转换成为中文，非主干成分： 如果是定语，前置； 如果是同位语或插入语，删除 如果是状语，隔离。
Tom believes, if it is raining, that the activity will be cancelled.
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