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表9 常用钢材焊接接头热处理
Table 9 Heat Treatment of Weld joints of Common Steel
钢种或钢号 Steel type or grade 10, 20 16Mn 12CrMo 15CrMo, 12Cr1Mov 1Cr5Mo 2.25Ni, 3.5Ni 壁厚 Wall thickness mm ≥30 ≥19 ≥19 ≥13 任意Random ≥19 预热温度 Preheating temperature ℃ 600~650 600~650 650~700 700~750 750~780 600~630 注1：有应力腐蚀的管道焊接接头，应按设计文件要求进行焊后消除应力的热处理。 注2：非合金钢管道焊接接头，壁厚为19mm~29mm时，焊后应保温缓冷。 Notes: 1. Heat treatment for relieving of stress shall be done for weld joints of pipe having stress corrosion. 2. Weld joints of non-alloy steel pipe with wall thickness of 19mm~29mm shall be insulated after welding. 7.4.7 易产生延迟裂纹的焊接接头，焊接时应严格保持层间温度，焊后应立即均匀加热至300℃~350℃保温缓冷，并及时进行热处理。
7.4.7 Interpass temperature of weld joints with trend of delayed cracking shall be preserved during welding. After welding, heat the weld joints to 300℃~350℃ and preserve the temperature. Heat treatment shall be immediately carried out.
7.4.8 热处理的加热范围为焊缝两侧各不少于焊缝宽度的3倍，且不少于25mm。加热区以外100 mm范围内应予以保温，且管道端口应封闭。
7.4.8 Heating range is from two sides of seam to at least 3 times of wall thickness away and not less
than 25mm. Range of 100mm from heating area shall be insulated. Mouth of pipe shall be sealed. 7.4.9 热处理的加热速度、恒温时间及冷却速度，应符合下列要求：
a) 加热升温至300℃后，加热速度应按5 125/δ℃/h计算，且不大于220℃/h
b) 恒温时间应按下列规定计算，且总恒温时间均不得少于30 min。在恒温期间，各测点的温度均应在热处理温度规定的范围内，其差值不得大于50℃；
1) 非合金钢为每毫米壁厚2 min~2.5 min； 2) 合金钢为每毫米壁厚3 min；
c) 恒温后的冷却速度应按6 500/δ℃/h计算，且不大于260℃/h。冷至300℃后可自然冷却。
注：δ为管子壁厚，mm
7.4.9 Heating rate, constant time and cooling rate for heat treatment shall meet following requirements:
a) When temperature reaches 300℃, the heating rate shall be calculated with formula 5125/
δ℃/h and not higher than 220℃/h.
b) Constant time shall be calculated according to following requirements. Total constant time
can’t be less than 30min. During the period, temperature of all measuring points shall be within the specified range and the difference can’t be larger than 50℃. 1) For non-alloy steel, 2min~2.5min/mm;
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2) For alloy steel, 3min/mm.
c) Cooling rate after constant time shall be carried out with formula 6500/δ℃/h and not
larger than 260℃/h. When temperature drops to 300℃, the pipeline can’ be cooled by radiation.
Notes: δ is wall thickness of pipe, mm.
7.4.10 异种钢焊接接头的焊后热处理，应按SH 3526的规定进行。 7.4.10 Heat treatment of weld joints of special steel shall meet SH 3526.
7.4.11 焊后需要进行消除应力热处理的管段，可采用整体热处理的方法，但该管段上不得带有焊接阀门。
7.4.11 Integral heat treatment of pipeline after welding may be carried out for relieving of stress. The
pipeline shall have no welded valve. 7.4.12 已经进行焊后热处理的管道上，应避免直接焊接非受压件，如果不能避免，若同时满足下列条件，焊后可不再进行热处理： a) 管道为非合金钢或碳锰钢材料； b) 角焊缝的计算厚度不大于10 mm； c) 按评定合格的焊接工艺施焊；
d) 角焊缝进行100%表面无损检测。
7.4.12 Unpressurized elements can’t be directly welded on pipeline after heating treatment. If it is
unavoidable, heat treatment can be omitted after welding if following conditions are met: a) The pipeline is made of non-alloy steel or carbon magnetic steel. b) Calculated thickness of fillet weld is not larger than 10mm. c) Qualified welding procedure is adopted.
d) Nondestructive test is carried out for surface of 10% of fillet welds. 7.4.13 经焊后热处理合格的部位，不得再从事焊接作业，否则应重新进行热处理。
7.4.13 After heat treatment, welding can’t be carried out on qualified part. Otherwise, heat treatment
shall be carried out again. 7.5 质量检验Quality inspection
7.5.1 检验焊接接头前，应按检验方法的要求，对焊接接头的表面进行相应处理。
7.5.1 Surface of weld joints shall be treated according to the requirement before inspection of weld joints.
7.5.2 焊缝外观应成型良好，宽度以每边盖过坡口边缘2mm为宜。角焊缝的焊脚高度应符合设计文件规定，外形应平缓过渡。
7.5.2 Appearance of weld joints shall be satisfactory. Both edges of weld joint shall cover 2mm width
of two edges of groove. Height of leg shall meet the design document. The surface shall be smooth
7.5.3 焊接接头表面的质量应符合下列要求：
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a) 不得有裂纹、未熔合、气孔、夹渣、飞溅存在；
b）设计温度低于-29℃的管道、不锈钢和淬硬倾向较大的合金钢管道焊缝表面，不得有咬边
现象；其他材质管道焊缝咬边深度不应大于0.5mm，连续咬边长度不应大于100mm，且焊缝两侧咬边总长不大于该焊缝全长的10%；
c) 焊缝表面不得低于管道表面，焊缝余高Δh应符合下列要求： 1) 100%射线检测焊接接头，其Δh≤1+0.2b1，且不大于2mm； 2) 其余的焊接接头，Δh≤1+0.2b1，且不大于3mm。
注：b1为焊接接头组对后坡口的最大宽度，mm。 7.5.3 Requirements for quality of weld joint’s surface:
a) No crack, not fusional, bubble, slag, splash;
b) Surface of seam of pipeline with design temperature lower than -29℃, stainless steel
pipeline and alloy steel pipeline with trend of harden quenching shall be free from undercut. Depth for undercut of weld joints of other pipelines can’t be larger than 0.5mm. Continuous length for undercut can’t be longer than 100mm. Total length for undercut at two sides of seam can’t exceed 10% of total length of the seam.
c) Surface of seam can’t be lower than that of pipeline. Excess weld metal Δh shall meet
following requirements:
1) After 100% radial test for weld joints: Δh≦1+0.1b1, not larger than 2mm;
2) Other weld joints: Δh≦1+0.2b1, not larger than 3mm.
Notes: b1 is max. width of groove after assembly of weld joints, mm.
7.5.4 管道焊接接头的无损检测应按JB 4730进行焊缝缺陷等级评定，并符合下列要求： a) 射线检测时，射线透照质量等级不得低于AB级，焊接接头经射线检测后的合格等级应符
合表10的规定；
b) 超声波检测时，管道焊接接头经检测后的合格标准如下： 1) 规定进行100%超声波检测的焊接接头I级合格； 2) 局部进行超声波检测的焊接接头II级合格；
c) 磁粉检测和渗透检测的焊接接头I级合格。
7.5.4 Results of nondestructive test for weld joints shall be graded according to JB 4730. Following
requirements shall be met:
a) For radial test, quality grade of radial transillumination can’t be lower than Grade AB, and
that of weld joints shall meet table 10;
b) For supersonic test, approval standard for weld joints are as follows:
1) For weld joints of 100% supersonic test, grade Ⅰ. 2) For weld joints of local supersonic test, grade Ⅱ. c) For magnetic particle test and penetration test, grade Ⅰ.
7.5.5 每名焊工焊接的对接焊焊接接头的射线检测百分率应符合表10的规定，并在被检测的焊接接头中，固定焊的焊接接头不得少于检测数量的40%，且不少于1个焊接接头，射线检测百分率计算原则如下：
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SH 3501－2002
a) 按设计文件给出的同管道级别、同检测比例、同材料类别的管线编号计算； b) 当管道公称直径小于500 mm时，按焊接接头数量计算；
c) 当管道公称直径等于或大于500mm时，按每个焊接接头的焊缝长度计算。
7.5.5 Percentage of radial test for weld joints of butt welding operated by each welder shall meet table
10. Weld joints of stationary welding shall be not less than 40% of total tested joints and at least one weld joint of stationary welding shall be tested. Principle for percentage calculation of radial test is as follows:
a) According to numbers of pipelines of the same level, test proportion and material category
specified in the design document.
b) According to quantity of weld joints when nominal diameter of pipeline is less than
500mm.
c) According to length of seam of each weld joint when nominal diameter of pipeline is ≧
500mm.
7.5.6 每名焊工焊接的标准抗拉强度下限值σb≥540MPa的钢材、设计温度低于-29℃的非奥氏体不锈钢、Cr-Mo低合金钢管道，其承插和焊接支管的焊接接头及其他角焊缝，应采用磁粉检测或渗透检测方法检查焊缝的表面质量，检测百分率按表10的规定执行。
7.5.6 For weld joints of socket branch pipe and welded branch pipeline and other fillet welds of steel pipeline with lower limit of standard tensile strength ab≧540MPa, non-austenitic stainless steel pipeline with design temperature lower than -29℃, Cr-Mo low alloy steel pipeline welded by each welder, magnetic particle test or penetration test shall be done to test their surface quality. Percentage of test shall meet table 10.
7.5.7 抽样检测的焊接接头宜覆盖本规范7.5.5 a) 项涉及的不同管径，检测位置应由质量检查员根据焊工和现场的情况随机确定。
7.5.7 Weld joints of different diameters of pipelines specified in Clause 7.5.5 a) shall be tested. Test points shall be confirmed by the quality controller according to operation of welder and actual situation. 7.5.8 无损检测时，当设计文件规定采用超声波检测，应按设计文件规定执行；当设计文件规定采用射线检测但由于条件限制需改用超声波检测代替时，应征得设计单位同意。
7.5.8 Supersonic test shall be done if specified in the design document. If supersonic test has to replace the radial test limited by actual condition though it is specified in the design document that radial test shall be done, it shall be approved of by the design unit.
7.5.9 按本规范7.5.5条规定进行焊接接头抽样检验，若有不合格时，应按该焊工的不合格数加倍检验，若仍有不合格，则应全部检验。 7.5.9 Sampling inspection of weld joints shall be carried out according to Clause 7.5.5. If there is unqualified weld joint, double of unqualified quantity of one welder shall be inspected. If there still is unqualified weld joint, all weld joints shall be inspected.
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表10 焊接接头射线检测百分率及合格等级
Table 10 Percentage and Qualified Grade of Radial Test for Welding Joint 管道 级别 Classification of Piping 设计压力P MPa(表压) Design pressure p Mpa (gage pressure) 设计温度t Design temperature t ℃ 检测百分率 Test percentage % 合格 等级 Qualified Grade 输 送 介 质 Medium for transportation SHA 毒性程度为极度危害介质(苯除外)和毒性程度为高度危险介质的丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢 Utmost hazard medium (except benzene) and high hazard Acrylon, carbonyl chloride, carbon disulfide and hydrogen fluoride 任意 Random 任意 Random 100 II SHB 有毒、可燃介质 P≥10.0 Hypertoxic and combustible medium 有毒、可燃介质 4.0≤P＜10.0 Hypertoxic and combustible medium 毒性程度为极度危害介质的苯、毒性程P＜10.0 度为高度危害介质(丙烯腈、光气、二硫化碳和氟化氢除外)和甲A类液化烃 Utmost hazard benzene, high hazard medium (except Acrylon, carbonyl P＜4.0 chloride, carbon disulfide and hydrogen fluoride), and Category AA liquified hydrocarbon 甲类、乙类可燃气体和甲B类、乙A类P<10.0 可燃液体 Category A and Category B combustible P＜4.0 gas, Type Ab and Type Ba combustible liquid 毒性程度为中度、轻度危害介质和乙B4.0≤P＜10.0 类、丙类可燃介质 P＜10.0 Moderate and negligible medium and P＜4.0 category BB and C combustible medium 有毒、可燃介质 任意 Hypertoxic and combustible medium Random 任意 Random t≥400 -29≤t<400 100 100 20 II II II t≥400 20 II -29≤t<400 10 II t≥400 10 II SHC t≥400 -29≤t<400 t≥400 t<-29 100 5 5 100 II III III II SHD 7.5.10 不合格的焊缝同一部位的返修次数，非合金钢管道不得超过3次，其余钢种管道不得超过两次。
7.5.10 For non-alloy steel piping, The time of rework for the same place of a unqualified weld seam shall not be more than 3; while that of other types of steel piping shall not be more than 2.
7.5.11 焊接接头热处理后，首先应确认热处理自动记录曲线，然后在焊缝及热影响区各取一点测定硬度值。抽检数不得少于20%，且不少于一次。
7.5.11 After heat treatment, the self-recorded curve shall be confirmed in priority, and then the hardness values shall be measured at two points, one from the weld seam and the other from the heat affected
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