方法2:同方法1,得(n?2)b设b2n?2?(n?1)bn?1(n?2).令n?2,得b1?2.
?b1?d?2?d(d?R),下面用数学归纳法证明bn?2?(n?1)d.
①当n?1,2时,等式成立. ②假设当n?k(k?2)时,bbk?1?k?2?(k?1)d,那么
k2k2bk??[2?(k?1)d]??2?kd?2?[(k?1)?1]dk?1k?1k?1k?1,
这就是说,当n?k?1时,等式也成立. 根据①和②,知b∴{b}是等差数列.
nn?2?(n?1)d对任何n?N均成立,∴b?n?1?bn?d,
an2n?112n1?1(3)∵?n?1??1?,∴a1?a2?a3???an?1?1???1?n.
a2a3a4an?1??2?2???22an?12?122n?2?n个2∵
an2n?112n?1?21(2n?1?1)?11111111?n?1??n?1?????????nn?1nnnan?12?122?1224?2?223?2?(2?2)2322?1a∴a12,
?aa2n1111n11n1???n??(?2???n)??(1?n)??a3an?1232223232212.
1a??综上,得n23a?aa2n???n?(n?N?). a3an?12技巧
1n(n?1)???(n?k?1)nk12:∵Ck???n1?2?3???k?nk2k?1?nk2k?1kn,
11[1?()n?1]122∴Cn212???Cnk1k???Cnn1n?1?12???1??1??1. n?1122nnn2n?121?2技巧∴C2n1n(n?1)???(n?k?1)nk1111?????3:∵Ck?nk!?nkk!?nkk!(k?1)kk?1kkn,
1111111k1n1???C???C?(1?)?(?)???(?)?1??1. nn223n?1nnn2nknn2技巧4:∵n12232?111??(n?2), n(n?1)n?1n∴1?1?1???
1111111?1?(1?)?(?)???(?)?2??2.
223n?1nnn2例
n[fn(5.已知函数
fn(x)(
n?N*)满足
1fn(0?)2,
k?1kkk?1)?fn()]?[fn()?1]fn()(k?0,1,2,?,n?1). nnnn(1)记ak?1kfn()n*,若n为定值,求{a}(k?0,1,2,?,n)的通项公式;
k(2)对n?N,求证:1?f4n(1)??1. 3111)?(?1)?akakak?1解:(1)∵f令ak?1???k1()?nnak,∴n(a1,得ank?1?k?1n?11ak?nn.
n?1n?1?(ak??),则ak?1?ak?nnn,∴???1,∴???1,
n1n?1?1?1为首项,以为fn(0)n∴ak?1?1?n?1}故{ak?1(ak?1).
nk是以a0?1?公比的等比数列,∴a?f(2)14n?1?(n?1k1),即ak?(1?)k?1(k?0,1,2,?,n). nn(1)?111111????3?an?4?3?(1?)n?1?4?2?(1?)n?3. 34an3nn11121k1n121k1n1(1?)n?1?Cn?Cn???C???C?2?(C???C???C). nnnnnnnn2nknnn2nknn方法
1n(n?1)???(n?k?1)nk11:∵Ck???n1?2?3???k?nk2k?1?nk2k?1kn,
11[1?()n?1]122∴Cn212???Cnk1k???Cnn1n?1?12???1??1??1, n?1122nnn2n?121?2∴2?(1?1)nn?3.
kn方法∴C2n1n(n?1)???(n?k?1)nk1111?????2:∵Ck?kkk!(k?1)kk?1knk!?nk!?n,
1111111k1n1???C???C?(1?)?(?)???(?)?1??1, nn223n?1nnn2nknnn∴2?(1?1)n?3.
12说明:也可以用均值不等式a?a且i?N)证明(1?1)*???ann?a1a2?an(ai?R?,1?i?n,nnn?2.证明如下:
1n(1?)?1111n?2n?11n?1n)n?(1?)?(1?)???(1?)?1?[]n?1?()?(1?), ∵(1?1nnnnn?1n?1n?1∴{(1?1)}是递增数列,∴(1?1)nnnn1?(1?)1?2.
1例题6.(2012浙江文)(本题满分14分)已知数列{an}的前n项和
为Sn,且Sn?2n2?n,n?N*,数列{bn}满足a⑴求an,bn; ⑵求数列{an?bn}的前项和Tn. 解:(Ⅰ)由Sn?2n2?n得,
当n?1时, 当n?2时,
a1?S1?3 an?Sn?Sn?1?4n?1 an?4n?1,n?N*,
n?4log2bn?3,n?N*.
所以 (Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)知
由4n?1?an?4log2bn?3?bn?2n?1,n?N*.
an?bn?(4n?1)?2n?1,n?N*,
Tn?3?7?2?11?22???(4n?1)?2n?1
2Tn?3?2?7?22?11?23???(4n?5)?2n?1?(4n?1)?2n
所以 所
以
Tn?(4n?5)?2n?5,n?N*.
2Tn?Tn?(4n?1)?2n?[3?4(2?22???2n?1)]?(4n?5)?2n?5
即
例题7. (2012四川文)(本小题满分12分)
已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,常数??0,且?a1an?S1?Sn对一切正整数n都成立.
(Ⅰ)求数列{an}的通项公式;
(Ⅱ)设a1?0,??100,当n为何值时,数列{lg1}的前n项和
an最大?
解:(Ⅰ)取n?1,得?a12?2S1?2a1,a1(?a1?2)?0,
若a1?0,则Sn?0.当n?2时,an?Sn?Sn?1?0?0?0,所以an?0. 若a1?0,则a1?2.当n?2时,2an?2?Sn,2an?1?2?Sn?1,两式相
???减得2an?2an?1?an,
所以
an?a1?2an?2an?1n(?n?12,)从而数列
{an}是等比数列,所以
?2??2n?1?2n?.
2n综上,当a1?0时,an?0;当a1?0时,an???100时,(Ⅱ)当a1?0,令bn?.
2?lg1an100,由(Ⅰ)有, bn?lgn?2?nlg2.
所以数列{bn}是单调递减的等差数列(公差为?lg2).
b1?b2???b6?lgbn?b7?l10g?27an100100?lg?lg1?026640l0,
g1当
0n?7时,
01?l?,g 128故数列{lg1}的前6项和最大.
例题8.(2012天津理) (本小题满分13分)已知{an}是等差数列,其前n项和为Sn,{bn}是等比数列,且a1=
b1=2,a4+b4=27,S4?b4=10.
(Ⅰ)求数列{an}与{bn}的通项公式;
(Ⅱ)记Tn=anb1+an?1b2+?+anb1,n?N+,证明Tn+12=?2an+10bn(n?N+). 解析
(1) 解:设等差数列?an?的公差为d,等比数列?bn?的公比为q,
由a1?b1?2得
3?2?3d?2q?27?3解得a4?2?3d,b4?2q,S4?8?6d,由条件得方程组?3??8?6d?2q?10?d?3 ??q?2所以an?3n?1,bn?2n,n?N? (2) 证明:由(1)得
Tn?2an?22an?1???2na1 ……①
2Tn?22an?23an?1???2n?1a1…………② ②-①得
Tn??2(3n?1)?3(22?23???2n)?2n?2
12(1?2n?1)??2n?2?6n?2?10?2n?6n?10
1?2而?2an?10bn?12??2(3n?1)?10?2n?12?10?2n?6n?10 故Tn?12??2an?10bn,n?N?
例题9.(2012天津文)(本题满分13分)
已知{}是等差数列,其前n项和为Sn,{}是等比数列,且==2,a4?b4?27,-=10
(I)求数列{}与{}的通项公式;
(II)记Tn?a1b1?a2b2???anbn,证明Tn?8?an?1bn?1,n?N?,n?2。 解:(1)设等差数列?an?的公差为d,等比数列bn的公比为q,由
a1?b1?2得,
3??2?3d?2q?27解得a4?2?3d,b4?2q,S4?8?6d,由条件得方程组?3??8?6d?2q?103?d?3 ?q?2?所以an?3n?1,bn?2n,n?N?. (2)证明:由(1)得
Tn?2?2?5?22?8?23???(3n?1)?2n,??①
2Tn?2?22?5?23?8?24???(3n?1)?2n?1,??②
由①-②得-Tn?2?2?3?22?3?23???3?2n?(3n?1)?2n?1